Determinants of influenza vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women in Europe: a systematic review.

Background: Pregnant women are at high risk for severe influenza. However, maternal influenza vaccination uptake in most World Health Organization (WHO) European Region countries remains low, despite the presence of widespread national recommendations. An influenza vaccination reduces influenza-associated morbidity and mortality in pregnancy, as well as providing newborns with protection in their first months.

Willingness to bear economic costs of measures against SARS-CoV-2 in Germany.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the willingness of the general population in Germany to bear the economic costs of measures against the spread of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: Repeated cross-sectional data were taken from three waves of a nationally representative survey of individuals aged 18 to 74 years (wave 8: 21-22 April 2020, N = 976; wave 16: 7-8 July 2020, N = 977; wave 38: 9-10 March 2021). The willingness to accept a reduction of annual household income in order to bear the economic costs of the measures against SARS-CoV-2 served as outcome measure.

Prosocial vaccination.

Most vaccines not only directly protect vaccinated individuals but also provide a social benefit through community protection. Therefore, vaccination can be considered a prosocial act to protect others. We review the recent empirical evidence on (i) how prosocial concerns relate to vaccination intentions and (ii) promoting prosocial vaccination through explaining community protection or inducing concern for vulnerable others.

Ok Google: Using virtual assistants for data collection in psychological and behavioral research.

Because of the increasing popularity of voice-controlled virtual assistants, such as Amazon's Alexa and Google Assistant, they should be considered a new medium for psychological and behavioral research. We developed Survey Mate, an extension of Google Assistant, and conducted two studies to analyze the reliability and validity of data collected through this medium. In the first study, we assessed validated procrastination and shyness scales as well as social desirability indicators for both the virtual assistant and an online questionnaire.

Protective and Risk Factors for Mental Distress and Its Impact on Health-Protective Behaviors during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic between March 2020 and March 2021 in Germany.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is posing a global public health burden. These consequences have been shown to increase the risk of mental distress, but the underlying protective and risk factors for mental distress and trends over different waves of the pandemic are largely unknown. Furthermore, it is largely unknown how mental distress is associated with individual protective behavior.

Vaccination policy reactance: Predictors, consequences, and countermeasures.

Ending the COVID-19 pandemic will require rapid large-scale uptake of vaccines against the disease. Mandating vaccination is discussed as a suitable strategy to increase uptake. In a series of cross-sectional quota-representative surveys and two preregistered experiments conducted in Germany and the US (total  = 4629), we investigated (i) correlates of individual preferences for mandatory (vs voluntary) COVID-19 vaccination policies; (ii) potential detrimental effects of mandatory policies; and (iii) interventions potentially counteracting them.

A video-based situational judgement test of medical students' communication competence in patient encounters: Development and first evaluation.

Objective: We developed and evaluated the Video-Based Assessment of Medical Communication Competence (VA-MeCo), a construct-driven situational judgement test measuring medical students' communication competence in patient encounters.

Methods: In the construction phase, we conducted two expert studies (n = 6, n = 13) to ensure curricular and content validity and sufficient expert agreement on the answer key. In the evaluation phase, we conducted a cognitive pre-test (n = 12) and a pilot study (n = 117) with medical students to evaluate test usability and acceptance, item statistics and test reliability depending on the applied scoring method (raw consensus vs.

Sociodemographic characteristics determine download and use of a Corona contact tracing app in Germany-Results of the COSMO surveys.

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic mobile health applications indicating risks emerging from close contacts to infected persons have a large potential to interrupt transmission chains by automating contact tracing. Since its dispatch in Germany in June 2020 the Corona Warn App has been downloaded on 25.7 Mio smartphones by February 2021.

Good night: Experimental evidence that nighttime curfews may fuel disease dynamics by increasing contact density.

Background: Nighttime curfews have been discussed and implemented in many countries as a means of controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is evidence that such curfews have little or no effect on disease dynamics when other measures such as bans on gatherings or business and school closures are already in place. There are two possible explanations for this.

The role of risk communication in public health interventions. An analysis of risk communication for a community quarantine in Germany to curb the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Background: Separating ill or possibly infectious people from their healthy community is one of the core principles of non-pharmaceutical interventions. However, there is scarce evidence on how to successfully implement quarantine orders. We investigated a community quarantine for an entire village in Germany (Neustadt am Rennsteig, March 2020) with the aim of better understanding the successful implementation of quarantine measures.

German normative data with naming latencies for 283 action pictures and 600 action verbs.

Timed picture naming is a common psycholinguistic paradigm. In this task, participants are asked to label visually depicted objects or actions. Naming performance can be influenced by several picture and verb characteristics which demands fully characterized normative data.

The Emotional Effects of Gain-Loss Frames in Persuasive Messages about Sun Protection on Health Promotional Outcomes: Evidence from an Experimental Study.

Although the importance of emotions for the effects of gain-loss framed messages has been supported, the emotional effects of mixed frames have not been sufficiently investigated. To fill this gap, this experimental study exposed participants ( = 154) to single gain- or loss-framed vs. mixed frame messages about sun-protection outcomes.

Efficacy of a strategy-based intervention on text-level reading comprehension in persons with aphasia: a study protocol for a repeated measures study.

Introduction: At least 68% of persons with aphasia (PWA) experience reading difficulties. Even though strategy-based interventions are a promising treatment approach for text level reading comprehension deficits in PWA, empirical evidence for their efficacy remains rare. The primary objective of this study is the analysis of the efficacy of a strategy-based intervention on text-level reading comprehension and on reading activities in PWA.

Syntax, morphosyntax, and serial recall: How language supports short-term memory.

In the classic view of verbal short-term memory, immediate recall is achieved by maintaining phonological representations, while the influence of other linguistic information is negligible. According to language-based accounts, short-term retention of verbal material is inherently bound to language production and comprehension, thus also influenced by semantic or syntactic factors. In line with this, serial recall is better when lists are presented in a canonical word order for English rather than in a noncanonical order (e.

Enhancing Specific Health Literacy with a Digital Evidence-Based Patient Decision Aid for Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Health literacy is an important competency to make informed, shared decisions in line with patient's preferences. On the other hand, lower health literacy is associated with poorer health outcomes. Evidence-based patient decision aids (EbPDA) are validated instruments to support informed medical decisions and empower patients for relevant involvement in their care.

Beliefs and motivation regarding physical activity among older adults in Germany: results of a qualitative study.

: As the proportion of older adults in Germany continues to grow, so does the need for physical activity as a strategy for health promotion. The purpose of this study is to gain insights into the belief system underlying older adults' physical activity and its interplay with motivation by integrating Theory of Planned Behaviour and Self-Determination Theory.: We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with residents of Germany who were 65 years of age or older.

Determinants of Physical Activity in Older Adults: Integrating Self-Concordance into the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), augmented by the concept of self-concordance (derived from self-determination theory, SDT), we conducted a study to identify the key determinants of physical activity in older adults. We applied structural equation modeling of telephone survey data from a random sample of adults aged 65 years and older living in Germany ( = 865). Relations of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) with intention strength and self-concordance of intention to be physically active were tested.

Reactance revisited: Consequences of mandatory and scarce vaccination in the case of COVID-19.

Psychological reactance theory assumes that the restriction of valued behaviors elicits anger and negative cognitions, motivating actions to regain the limited freedom. Two studies investigated the effects of two possible restrictions affecting COVID-19 vaccination: the limitation of non-vaccination by mandates and the limitation of vaccination by scarce vaccine supply. In the first study, we compared reactance about mandatory and scarce vaccination scenarios and the moderating effect of vaccination intentions, employing a German quota-representative sample (N = 973).

Allocation of COVID-19 vaccination: when public prioritisation preferences differ from official regulations.

As vaccines against COVID-19 are scarce, many countries have developed vaccination prioritisation strategies focusing on ethical and epidemiological considerations. However, public acceptance of such strategies should be monitored to ensure successful implementation. In an experiment with =1379 German participants, we investigated whether the public's vaccination allocation preferences matched the prioritisation strategy approved by the German government.