Early identification of potentially reversible cancer cachexia using explainable machine learning driven by body weight dynamics: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Cachexia is associated with multiple adverse outcomes in cancer. However, clinical decision-making for oncology patients at the cachexia stage presents significant challenges.

Objective: This study aims to develop a machine learning (ML) model to identify potentially reversible cancer cachexia (PRCC).

DDEvENet: Evidence-based ensemble learning for uncertainty-aware brain parcellation using diffusion MRI.

In this study, we developed an Evidential Ensemble Neural Network based on Deep learning and Diffusion MRI, namely DDEvENet, for anatomical brain parcellation. The key innovation of DDEvENet is the design of an evidential deep learning framework to quantify predictive uncertainty at each voxel during a single inference. To do so, we design an evidence-based ensemble learning framework for uncertainty-aware parcellation to leverage the multiple dMRI parameters derived from diffusion MRI.

Photonic axion insulator.

Axions, hypothetical elementary particles that remain undetectable in nature, can arise as quasiparticles in three-dimensional crystals known as axion insulators. Previous implementations of axion insulators have largely been limited to two-dimensional systems, leaving their topological properties in three dimensions unexplored in experiment. Here, we realize an axion insulator in a three-dimensional photonic crystal and probe its topological properties.

ET-PROTACs: modeling ternary complex interactions using cross-modal learning and ternary attention for accurate PROTAC-induced degradation prediction.

Motivation: Accurately predicting the degradation capabilities of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) for given target proteins and E3 ligases is important for PROTAC design. The distinctive ternary structure of PROTACs presents a challenge to traditional drug-target interaction prediction methods, necessitating more innovative approaches. While current state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods using graph neural networks (GNNs) can discern the molecular structure of PROTACs and proteins, thus enabling the efficient prediction of PROTACs' degradation capabilities, they rely heavily on limited crystal structure data of the POI-PROTAC-E3 ternary complex.

Lattice Oxygen Redox Dynamics in Zeolite-Encapsulated CsPbBr Perovskite OER Electrocatalysts.

Understanding the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanism is pivotal for improving the overall efficiency of water electrolysis. Despite methylammonium lead halide perovskites (MAPbX) have shown promising OER performance due to their soft-lattice nature that allows lattice-oxygen oxidation of active α-PbO layer surface, the role of A-site MA or X-site elements in the electrochemical reconstruction and OER mechanisms has yet to be explored. Here, it is demonstrated that the OER mechanism of perovskite@zeolite composites is intrinsically dominated by the A-site group of lead-halide perovskites, while the type of X-site halogen is crucial for the reconstruction kinetics of the composites.

Simultaneous Blockade of CD209 and CD209L by Monoclonal Antibody Does Not Provide Sufficient Protection Against Multiple Viral Infections In Vivo.

Many virus species, including Ebola virus, Marburg virus, SARS-CoV-2, dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), exploit CD209 and CD209L as alternative or attachment receptors for viral cis- or trans-infection. Thus, CD209 and CD209L may be critical targets for the development of therapeutic monoclonal blocking antibody drugs to disrupt the infection process caused by multiple viruses. Here, we produced a human chimeric monoclonal blocking antibody that simultaneously blocks CD209 and CD209L, namely 7-H7-B1.

FLASH radiotherapy: mechanisms, nanotherapeutic strategy and future development.

Ultra-high dose-rate (FLASH) radiotherapy serves as an ideal procedure to treat tumors efficiently without harming normal tissues and has demonstrated satisfactory antitumor effects in multiple animal tumor models. However, the biological mechanisms of FLASH radiotherapy have not yet been fully elucidated, and the small number of devices delivering FLASH dose rate has limited its wide application. This review summarizes the possible biological mechanisms and antitumor effects of FLASH radiotherapy, its application in nanotherapeutic strategy, as well as its challenges and future development.

A HTO-Type Nonlinear Optical Fluorophosphate with Ultrawide Bandgap.

Compounds having hexagonal tungsten oxides (HTO) topology are of intense research interests owing to their potential functional properties, such as nonlinear optical (NLO) performances. However, most of the reported HTO-type compounds exhibit narrow optical bandgaps because of the d-d electronic transition of compositional d transition metals and lone pair electrons effect of Se/Te, which hinder their applications in the high-energy field, such as deep-ultraviolet (deep-UV) region. In this work, a new fluorophosphate, (NH)[ScF(PO)](POF) exhibiting HTO-topological structures is reported.

Revolutionizing Dual-Band Modulation and Superior Cycling Stability in GDQDs-Doped WO Electrochromic Films for Advanced Smart Window Applications.

Dual-band tungsten oxide (WO) electrochromic films are extensively investigated, yet challenges persist regarding complex fabrication processes and limited cyclic stability. In this paper, a novel approach to prepare graphdiyne quantum dots (GDQDs) doped WO films with a hexagonal crystal structure, is presented. Structural characterization reveals that the GDQDs/WO possesses a coral-like, loose structure with high crystallinity due to the synergistic modulation of morphology and crystallinity.

Modulation on Transconductance and Switching Speed of Vertical Organic Electrochemical Transistors via Structure Engineering.

Vertical organic electrochemical transistors (vOECTs) have received widespread attention in bioelectronics, wearable, and neuromorphic electronics due to their high transconductance (), low driving voltage, and biocompatibility. As key parameters of vOECTs, and switching speed (or transient time, τ) are vital for achieving satisfying performance in various practical applications. Here we employ vOECTs with varying top electrode widths for effective and switching speed modulation.

Prognostic significance of albumin corrected anion gap in patients with acute pancreatitis: a novel perspective.

This study aims to explore the relationship between the albumin-corrected anion gap (ACAG) and short- and long-term all-cause mortality (ACM) in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) managed in the intensive care unit (ICU). We conducted a retrospective analysis utilizing data extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database. This study sought to investigate the correlation between ACAG and ACM among patients diagnosed with AP across various disease stages.

Ras S89D mutation induced allosteric changes that promoted its nucleotide exchange and signaling activation.

The small GTPase Ras is among the most frequently mutated genes and its mutations often drive oncogenesis across various cancers. While the role of NRas phosphorylation at S89 in the context of a Q61R mutation in melanoma genesis remains controversial, the impact of S89 phosphorylation on NRas function has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we employed the S89D phosphorylation-mimetic mutation and demonstrated that the S89D mutation alone activated all Ras isoforms by increasing the GTP-bound population, thereby promoting ERK phosphorylation and cell proliferation.

Harnessing nature's arsenal: Targeting the TGF-β/Smad Cascade with novel natural anti-fibrotic agents.

Background: Hepatic fibrosis is a wound healing response that leads to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) due to sustained liver injury. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are key players in ECM synthesis, with the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway being central to their activation. Despite advances in understanding the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis, effective anti-fibrotic therapies are still lacking.

Nanomedicine-unlocked radiofrequency dynamic therapy dampens incomplete radiofrequency ablation-arised immunosuppression to suppress cancer relapse.

Incomplete radiofrequency ablation (iRFA) not only leaves residual tumor, but also render the residual tumor highly self-adaptable and immunosuppressive, consequently expediting residual tumor progression including relapse. To address it, radiofrequency dynamic therapy (RFDT) with identical trigger (namely radiofrequency) has been established and enabled by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified Fe-based single atom nanozyme (P@Fe SAZ). P@Fe SAZ can respond to radiofrequency field to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), attaining the nanomedicine-unlocked low-temperature RFDT.

Transcriptionally downregulated GABAergic genes associated with synaptic density network dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Purpose: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a brain network disorder closely associated with synaptic loss and has a genetic basis. However, the in vivo whole-brain synaptic changes at the network-level and the underlying gene expression patterns in patients with TLE remain unclear.

Methods: In this study, we utilized a positron emission tomography with the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A radioligand [F]SynVesT-1 cohort and two independent transcriptome datasets to investigate the topological properties of the synaptic density similarity network (SDSN) in TLE and its correlation with significantly dysregulated risk genes.

Comparative evaluation of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and conventional oxygen therapy (COT) in infants after non-cardiac surgery: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Literature regarding the advantages of HFNC in infants for ensuring oxygen supply after non-cardiac surgery is insufficient. The purpose of our study is to compare COT vs. HFNC on postoperative outcomes in infants undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

The systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) predicts survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy and the construction of a nomogram model.

Background: Inflammation and immune evasion are associated with tumorigenesis and progression. The Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) has been proposed as a pre-treatment peripheral blood biomarker. This study aims to compare the relationship between SIRI, various serum biomarkers, and the prognosis of NSCLC patients before and after treatment.

Optical molecular imaging technology and its application in precise surgical navigation of liver cancer.

Recent innovations in medical imaging technology have placed molecular imaging techniques at the forefront of diagnostic advancements. The current research trajectory in this field aims to integrate personalized molecular data of patients and diseases with traditional anatomical imaging data, enabling more precise, non-invasive, or minimally invasive diagnostic options for clinical medicine. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the basic principles and system components of optical molecular imaging technology.

Mapping the research landscape of microRNAs in pain: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis.

Background And Objectives: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have demonstrated significant potential in pain medicine research, including mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapy. However, no relative bibliometric analysis has been performed to summarize the progress in this area quantitatively.

Methods: Literature was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection online database.

Progress and perspectives on electrocatalysis in room-temperature Na-S batteries.

Room-temperature sodium-sulfur (RT Na-S) batteries that typically feature multielectron conversion chemistries can allow an ultrahigh specific capacity of 1675 mA h g and a high energy density of 1275 W h kg but unfortunately suffer from a lot of intractable challenges from sulfur cathodes. These issues cover the poor electronic conductivity of pristine sulfur and solid products, the severe shuttle effect of polysulfides, and the sluggish redox kinetics, The shuttling behavior of polysulfides always leads to cathode/anode instability and performance degeneration. Recently, the emerging catalysis strategy has been demonstrated as a reliable pathway to tackle the central issues caused by sulfur electrochemistry and revitalize RT Na-S batteries.

Platelet indicators do not influence the impact of ABO blood groups on lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of platelet indicators in the susceptibility of ABO blood groups to lung adenocarcinoma. This was a multicenter retrospective cohort analysis. The study included 528 patients diagnosed with primary lung adenocarcinoma and 528 randomly selected control group patients who were admitted to the Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital from January 2021 to September 2023.

A prognostic index for advanced-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: A multicenter study.

Advanced-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a highly heterogeneous disease with very poor prognosis. All commonly utilized prognostic models incorporated both early-stage and advanced-stage patients in the modeling process. This study aim to design a prognostic model specifically for advanced-stage ENKTL, providing risk stratification in affected patients.

Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality Serious Video Game (The Secret Trail of Moon) for Emotional Regulation in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Difficulties in emotional regulation are often observed in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Innovative complementary treatments, such as video games and virtual reality, have become increasingly appealing to patients. The Secret Trail of Moon (MOON) is a serious video game developed by a multidisciplinary team featuring cognitive training exercises.

SVMVGGNet-16: A Novel Machine and Deep Learning Based Approaches for Lung Cancer Detection Using Combined SVM and VGGNet-16.

Background And Objective: Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, necessitating early and accurate detection methods. Our study aims to enhance lung cancer detection by integrating VGGNet-16 form of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) into a hybrid model (SVMVGGNet-16), leveraging the strengths of both models for high accuracy and reliability in classifying lung cancer types in different 4 classes such as adenocarcinoma (ADC), large cell carcinoma (LCC), Normal, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods: Using the LIDC-IDRI dataset, we pre-processed images with a median filter and histogram equalization, segmented lung tumors through thresholding and edge detection, and extracted geometric features such as area, perimeter, eccentricity, compactness, and circularity.

Correction: Oluwasanmi et al. Multi-Head Spatiotemporal Attention Graph Convolutional Network for Traffic Prediction. 2023, , 3836.

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