Lightweight Lung-nodule Detection Model Combined with Multidimensional Attention Convolution.

Background: Early and timely detection of pulmonary nodules and initiation treatment can substantially improve the survival rate of lung carcinoma. However, current detection methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) cannot easily detect pulmonary nodules owing to low detection accuracy and the difficulty in detecting small-sized pulmonary nodules; meanwhile, more accurate CNN-based models are slow and require high hardware specifications.

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop a detection model that achieves both high accuracy and real-time performance, ensuring effective and timely results.

Integration of Flexible Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting System for Self-Powered Sensor Applications.

Flexible thermoelectric generators (FTEGs) can continuously harvest energy from the environment or the human body to supply wearable electronic devices, which should be a clean energy solution and provide an opportunity to satisfy the increasing power consumption of multimodal sensing and data transmission in wearable electronic devices. Here, the 64-pair FTEG was fabricated by introducing the plated through-hole and heterotypic electrode structures to optimize the thermal transport, showing the largely improved output power of 4.1 mW and record-high power density of 312 μW cm at a given ambient temperature of 15 °C inside a measurement equipment.

Phylogenetic analysis and detection of positive selection in the SIRT gene family across vertebrates.

SIRT6, a member of the sirtuin protein family, is recognized as a tumor suppressor. This study investigates the evolutionary history of the SIRT gene family and examines the selective pressures shaping their functional divergence. Insights into the evolution of these genes may enhance our understanding of their roles in disease pathology.

Multimodal deep learning approaches for precision oncology: a comprehensive review.

The burgeoning accumulation of large-scale biomedical data in oncology, alongside significant strides in deep learning (DL) technologies, has established multimodal DL (MDL) as a cornerstone of precision oncology. This review provides an overview of MDL applications in this field, based on an extensive literature survey. In total, 651 articles published before September 2024 are included.

SegRap2023: A benchmark of organs-at-risk and gross tumor volume Segmentation for Radiotherapy Planning of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Radiation therapy is a primary and effective treatment strategy for NasoPharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC). The precise delineation of Gross Tumor Volumes (GTVs) and Organs-At-Risk (OARs) is crucial in radiation treatment, directly impacting patient prognosis. Despite that deep learning has achieved remarkable performance on various medical image segmentation tasks, its performance on OARs and GTVs of NPC is still limited, and high-quality benchmark datasets on this task are highly desirable for model development and evaluation.

Radial SERS acquisition on coffee ring for Serum-based breast cancer diagnosis through Multilayer Perceptron.

The coffee-ring effect, involving spontaneous solute separation, has demonstrated promising potential in the context of patient serum analysis. In this study, an approach leveraging the coffee-ring-based analyte redistribution was developed for spectral analysis of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). By performing radical SERS scanning through the coffee-ring area and sampling across the coffee ring, complicated chemical information was spatially gathered for further spectra analysis.

Comprehensive characteristics of pulmonary antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and the development of a predictive nomogram for mortality.

Objectives: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) is a rare and potential devastating disease with high mortality, frequently with pulmonary involvement. Our study aimed to explore the pulmonary features of AAV and identify predictors of long-term survival.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 538 AAV patients diagnosed between January 2013 and July 2019, with follow-up data extending to August 2020.

Potential role of P4HB in the tumor microenvironment and its clinical prognostic value: a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis and experimental validation with a focus on KIRC.

Background: Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis. Exploring biomarkers that are significantly associated with TME can help guide individualized treatment of patients.

Methods: We analyzed the expression and survival of P4HB in pan-cancer through the TCGA database, and verified the protein level of P4HB by the HPA database.

The optimal neoadjuvant treatment strategy for HR+/HER2 + breast cancer: a network meta-analysis.

The efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy varies significantly with hormone receptor (HR) status for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer (BC). Despite extensive research on HER2 + BC, the optimal neoadjuvant strategy for HR+/HER2 + BC remains inconclusive. This study aimed to identify the optimal neoadjuvant regimen for HR+/HER2 + BC treatment.

Fluorine-expedited nitridation of layered perovskite SrTiO for visible-light-driven photocatalytic overall water splitting.

Photocatalytic overall water splitting is a promising approach for a sustainable hydrogen provision using solar energy. For sufficient solar energy utilization, this reaction ought to be operated based on visible-light-active semiconductors, which is very challenging. In this work, an F-expedited nitridation strategy is applied to modify the wide-bandgap semiconductor SrTiO for visible-light-driven photocatalytic overall water splitting.

Individual structural covariance connectome reveals aberrant brain developmental trajectories associated with childhood maltreatment.

Background: The long-term impact of childhood maltreatment (CM) on an individual's physical and mental health is suggested to be mediated by altered neurodevelopment. However, the exact neurobiological consequences of CM remain unclear.

Methods: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between CM and brain age based on structural magnetic resonance imaging data from a sample of 214 adults.

Expanded Negative Electrostatic Network-Assisted Seawater Oxidation and High-Salinity Seawater Reutilization.

Coastal/offshore renewable energy sources combined with seawater splitting offer an attractive means for large-scale H electrosynthesis in the future. However, designing anodes proves rather challenging, as surface chlorine chemistry must be blocked, particularly at high current densities (). Additionally, waste seawater with increased salinity produced after long-term electrolysis would impair the whole process sustainability.

Wild-Type and rtA181T/sW172* Mutant Strains of Hepatitis B Virus Drive Hepatocarcinogenesis via Distinct GRP78-Mediated ER Stress Pathways.

Glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78), a key marker of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, but its role in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced tumorigenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of GRP78 to HBV-associated tumor development and explore the ERS pathways involved. The results showed that increased GRP78 expression in patients with HBV-related HCC was associated with a poor prognosis within the first 2 years following diagnosis.

Case report: A rare case of bacteremia in an immunocompetent psychiatric patient: exploring the links between mental health and infectious diseases.

This study aims to explore the pathogenic potential of as a rare pathogen in immunocompetent individuals and to analyze how mental health status may influence susceptibility to infection. We report a case of bacteremia in a 31-year-old immunocompetent female who developed infection during an episode of severe depression. Although the patient exhibited self-harm tendencies, a thorough physical examination did not reveal any external wounds or signs of injury.

Loss of Mist1 alters the characteristics of Paneth cells and impacts the function of intestinal stem cells in physiological conditions and after radiation injury.

Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and Paneth cells (PCs) reside at the bottom of the crypts of Lieberkühn in the small intestine. Recent studies have shown that the transcription factor Mist1, also named BHLHA15, plays an important role in the maturation of PCs. Since there is an intimate interaction between PCs and ISCs, we speculated that the loss of Mist1 could impact these two neighboring cell types.

Quantum implementation of the classical guided image filtering algorithm.

Image filtering involves the application of window operations that perform valuable functions, such as noise removal, image enhancement, high dynamic range (HDR) compression, and so on. Guided image filtering is a new type of explicit image filter with multiple advantages. It can effectively remove noise while preserving edge details, and can be used in a variety of scenarios.

Weakly supervised deep learning-based classification for histopathology of gliomas: a single center experience.

Multiple artificial intelligence systems have been created to facilitate accurate and prompt histopathological diagnosis of tumors using hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides. We aimed to investigate whether weakly supervised deep learning can aid in glioma diagnosis. We analyzed 472 whole slide images (WSIs) from 226 patients in West China Hospital (WCH) and 1604 WSIs from 880 patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

MRI imaging characteristics of brainstem and midbrain aqueduct in patients with iNPH.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is frequently difficult to diagnose due to the absence of specific symptoms, yet early detection and surgical intervention are essential for preventing sequela such as irreversible dementia. This study explores the specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of the brainstem and mesencephalic aqueduct in patients with iNPH. Head MRI data of 50 iNPH patients and 30 healthy matched controls were compared for mesencephalic aqueduct length, diameter, and angle, structural features of the brainstem at the sagittal plane, brainstem component volume ratios, angle between the brainstem and spinal cord, and the area and morphology of the pontine cisterns.

Polypharmacy or potentially inappropriate medications among older adults with COVID-19 in a secondary hospital in China and their association with mortality.

Elderly patients with multiple concomitant chronic diseases are the particularly vulnerable during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, which accounts for a large number of COVID-19-related deaths. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) on in-hospital mortality in a secondary hospital in China. A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted using electronic medical data collected from Shanghai Gonghui Hospital from April 2022 to June 2022.

pACP-HybDeep: predicting anticancer peptides using binary tree growth based transformer and structural feature encoding with deep-hybrid learning.

Worldwide, Cancer remains a significant health concern due to its high mortality rates. Despite numerous traditional therapies and wet-laboratory methods for treating cancer-affected cells, these approaches often face limitations, including high costs and substantial side effects. Recently the high selectivity of peptides has garnered significant attention from scientists due to their reliable targeted actions and minimal adverse effects.

Development and validation of a real-time prediction model for acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients.

Early prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) may provide a crucial opportunity for AKI prevention. To date, no prediction model targeting AKI among general hospitalized patients in developing countries has been published. Here we show a simple, real-time, interpretable AKI prediction model for general hospitalized patients developed from a large tertiary hospital in China, which has been validated across five independent, geographically distinct, different tiered hospitals.

Robust STAP with coprime sampling structure based on optimal singular value thresholding.

In radar systems, element gain-phase errors can degrade the performance of space-time adaptive processing (STAP), and even cause complete failure. To address this issue, the STAP with the coprime sampling structure based on optimal singular value thresholding is proposed. The algorithm corrects errors by adding four calibrated auxiliary elements and auxiliary pulses to the original array and pulse sequence, while maintaining the coprime sampling structure.

Mitochondrial-cytochrome c oxidase II promotes glutaminolysis to sustain tumor cell survival upon glucose deprivation.

Glucose deprivation, a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment, compels tumor cells to seek alternative energy sources for survival and growth. Here, we show that glucose deprivation upregulates the expression of mitochondrial-cytochrome c oxidase II (MT-CO2), a subunit essential for the respiratory chain complex IV, in facilitating glutaminolysis and sustaining tumor cell survival. Mechanistically, glucose deprivation activates Ras signaling to enhance MT-CO2 transcription and inhibits IGF2BP3, an RNA-binding protein, to stabilize MT-CO2 mRNA.

Lateral flow analysis test strips based on aggregation-induced emission technique: Principle, design, and application.

This review examines the potential of aggregation-induced luminescence (AIE) materials in lateral flow assays (LFA) to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of a range of assay applications. LFA is a straightforward and effective paper-based platform for the rapid detection of target analytes in mixtures. Its simple design, low cost, and ease of operation are among the most attractive advantages of LFA.