Spatially restricted and ontogenically distinct hepatic macrophages are required for tissue repair.

Our understanding of the functional heterogeneity of resident versus recruited macrophages in the diseased liver is limited. A population of recruited lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs) has been reported to populate the diseased liver alongside resident Kupffer cells (KCs). However, the precise roles of these distinct macrophage subsets remain elusive.

Therapeutic strategies for fungating and ulcerating breast cancers: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Background: To identify optimal therapeutic strategies for managing fungating, large or ulcerating breast tumors and highlight existing gaps in the literature.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search of Medline, Embase, APA, PsycInfo, CAB abstracts, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to June 30, 2024, including studies on patients with fungating, large, or ulcerating breast cancers.

Results: The search identified 7917 studies, with 79 meeting the inclusion criteria: 62 case reports, 7 case series, and 10 cohort studies.

Simulation of the performance of pillar array columns using the pore-throat ratio as efficiency descriptor.

Traditional packed beds in chromatography suffer from increased band broadening due to the random nature of packing, leading non-ideal fluid flow and channeling. To address these challenges, pillar array columns have been developed, offering improved performance over random packing thanks to their homogenous fluid profiles. The study aims to i) evaluate fluid dynamics and chromatographic performance across different PAC morphologies, ii) establish the influence of column morphology on performance, and iii) assess the correlation between chromatographic performance and hydrodynamic parameters.

Therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived somatic cells to treat metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and diabetes.

Developments in basic stem cell biology have paved the way for technology translation in human medicine. An exciting prospective use of stem cells is the ex vivo generation of hepatic and pancreatic endocrine cells for biomedical applications. This includes creating novel models 'in a dish' and developing therapeutic strategies for complex diseases, such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and diabetes.

Egg Consumption and Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study of Australian Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background/objectives: Egg consumption in adults has been linked with a modestly increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. However, evidence on adults aged 65 y+ is limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between egg intake and mortality in community-dwelling older adults.

High-Density Polyethylene-Polypropylene Blends: Examining the Relationship Between Nano/Microscale Phase Separation and Thermomechanical Properties.

The phase separation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-polypropylene (PP) blends was studied using atomic force microscopy in tapping mode to obtain height and phase images. The results are compared with those from scanning electron microscopy imaging and are connected to the thermomechanical properties of the blends, characterised through differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile testing. Pure PP, as well as 10:90 and 20:80 weight ratio HDPE-PP blends, showed a homogeneous morphology, but the 25:75 HDPE-PP blends exhibited a sub-micrometre droplet-matrix structure, and the 50:50 HDPE-PP blends displayed a more complex co-continuous nano/microphase-separated structure.

Comparative Performance of Ante-Mortem Diagnostic Assays for the Identification of -Infected Domestic Dogs ().

The domestic dog () is a competent host for () infection but no ante mortem diagnostic tests have been fully validated for this species. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of ante mortem diagnostic tests across samples collected from dogs considered to be at a high or low risk of sub-clinical infection. We previously tested a total of 164 dogs at a high risk of infection and here test 42 dogs at a low risk of infection and 77 presumed uninfected dogs with a combination of cell-based and/or serological diagnostic assays previously described for use in non-canid species.

Cytokine and Chemokine Responses of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Dogs Infected with .

Mycobacterial infections are an important emerging zoonosis in companion animals for which diagnostic options remain imperfect, and the canine immunological response to these infections has been poorly investigated. We sought to further define the cellular response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from dogs infected with , as determined using a commercial interferon-gamma response assay (IGRA). To this end, PBMCs from healthy or infected dogs were collected.

Post COVID-19 and Long COVID Symptoms in Otorhinolaryngology-A Narrative Review.

Post/Long COVID (syndrome) is defined as a condition with symptoms persisting for more than 12 weeks after the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection that cannot be explained otherwise. The prevalence of self-reported otorhinolaryngological Post/Long COVID symptoms is high. The aim of this review was to analyze the current literature regarding the actual prevalence, knowledge of the etiopathology, and evidence-based treatment recommendations of otorhinolaryngology-related Post/Long COVID symptoms.

Exosomal Liquid Biopsy in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment Response.

Prostate cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men, often presents challenges in accurate diagnosis and effective monitoring. This systematic review explores the potential of exosomal biomolecules as noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response of prostate cancer. A thorough systematic literature search through online public databases (Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science) using structured search terms and screening using predefined eligibility criteria resulted in 137 studies that we analyzed in this systematic review.

Insights into Reproduction Through Gonadal Tissue Methylation Analysis and Transcriptomic Integration.

Fish exhibit diverse mechanisms of sex differentiation and determination, shaped by both external and internal influences, often regulated by distinct DNA methylation patterns responding to environmental changes. In aquaculture, reproductive issues in captivity pose significant challenges, particularly the lack of fertilization capabilities in captive-bred males, hindering genetic improvement measures. This study analyzed the methylation patterns and transcriptomic profiles in gonadal tissue DNA from groups differing in rearing conditions and sexual maturity stages.

Do Activity Sensors Identify Physiological, Clinical and Behavioural Changes in Laying Hens Exposed to a Vaccine Challenge?

This study aimed to identify if sensor technology could be used to detect sickness-type signs (caused by a live vaccine) in laying hens compared to physiological and clinical sign scoring and behaviour observation. The experiment comprised 5 replicate batches (4 hens and 12 days per batch) using previously non-vaccinated hens ( = 20). Hens were moved on day 1 to a large experimental room with various designated zones (e.

Obesity-induced mesenteric PVAT remodelling is sexually dimorphic, but not driven by ovarian hormones : Short title: Obesity induces sex-specific responses in mesenteric PVAT.

Background: Obesity, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), is associated with hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a metabolically active tissue surrounding blood vessels, plays a key role in regulating vascular tone. In obesity, PVAT becomes dysregulated which may contribute to vascular dysfunction; how sex impacts the remodelling of PVAT and thus the altered vascular contractility during obesity is unclear.

Learning from the community: iterative co-production of a programme to support the development of attention, regulation and thinking skills in toddlers at elevated likelihood of autism or ADHD.

Programmes designed to support children with known, or increased likelihood of, autism or ADHD often focus on reducing behaviours central to a clinical diagnosis. However, supporting children to pursue their own goals and cope with everyday life through fostering executive function (EF) development, without enforcing neuro-normative assumptions, may be more acceptable to neurodivergent people, and more beneficial. The co-production process for this neurodiversity-affirming programme involved: Review of research priorities identified during published public-and-clinician consultations; iterative programme development through two pilot rounds with a general community sample; and consultation with stakeholders (parents with a connection to autism or ADHD, alongside early years specialists, psychologists and therapists) to check acceptability of the proposal, and refine the logic model and materials.

The influence of respiratory infections on Henoch-Schönlein purpura in children.

Objective: To explore the influence of respiratory infections on the onset of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) in children, along with exploring potential underlying mechanisms.

Method: The present study conducted a statistical analysis on renal involvement indicators in 296 children with HSP who came to the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University, as well as the IgA levels in 400 children with respiratory infections and 400 children with HSP.

Results: Compared with the control group, children with HSP exhibited a significant increase in urine red blood cell count, urine microalbuminuria, and urine protein/creatinine ratio (P < 0.

The Scottish Retinal Detachment Study: 10-year outcomes after retinal detachment repair.

Objective: To address the paucity of long-term data on outcomes following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair we aimed to establish the 10-year best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), redetachment rate and lens status for patients from the Scottish Retinal Detachment Study.

Subjects: Data from patients who presented with RRD during the original study were collected from clinical records 10 years after repair. Patients were excluded if lacking 10 year follow-up data, and excluded from visual acuity analysis in the case of significant co-morbid ophthalmic disease.

Transforming diagnosis through artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly permeating the fabric of medicine, but getting full benefits will likely require fundamental changes in practice. Accepting this will be challenging for many clinicians. However, it may be necessary to ensure that AI’s ambitious promises translate into real-life improvement.

Giant pit craters on the modern seafloor above magma-induced hydrothermal vent complexes of Scotia Sea, offshore Antarctica.

Massive injection of C depleted carbon to the ocean and atmosphere coincided with major environmental upheaval multiple times in the geological record. For several events, the source of carbon has been attributed to explosive venting of gas produced when magmatic sills intruded organic-rich sediment. The concept mostly derives from studies of a few ancient sedimentary basins with numerous hydrothermal vent complexes (HTVCs) where craters appear to have formed across large areas of the seafloor at the same time, but good examples remain rare in strata younger than the Early Eocene.

Prevalence and partial molecular characterization of Gigantorhynchus echinodiscus in free-ranging anteaters (Myrmecophagidae, Edentata) in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil.

The genus Gigantorhynchus comprises six valid species that require a terrestrial arthropod as an intermediate host. Cystacanths of G. echinosdiscus were previously reported infecting termites in Brazil.

Evaluation of the initial rollout of the physical activity referral standards policy in Scotland: a qualitative study.

Objectives: Physical activity referral schemes (PARS) allow healthcare professionals to refer patients for physical activity support. Evidence of effectiveness is equivocal. Public Health Scotland has developed 'physical activity referral standards' that aim to enhance quality, reduce variability in design and delivery and build further evidence of what works.

Exploring the role of different coping styles in mediating the relationship between dyadic adjustment status and postpartum depression among postnatal women: a single-centre, cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent complication of childbearing, with numerous risk factors associated with its onset. Although the risk factors for PPD among postpartum women have been studied, the mechanisms underlying these factors remain inadequately understood. This study aimed to investigate the direct and mediating roles of different coping styles in the relationship between dyadic adjustment status and PPD among women 6 weeks postdelivery.

Prevalence estimates and nature of online child sexual exploitation and abuse: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA) is a global health issue. The aim of this global systematic review and meta-analysis was to better understand the prevalence and nature of OCSEA on a global scale.

Methods: Comprehensive literature searches were done in six UN languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish) and multiple databases, for records published between Jan 1, 2010, and Sept 30, 2023.

The role of non-respiratory arousals in residual daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea treated with positive airway pressure: An analysis of the European Sleep Apnea Database registry.

Study Objectives: To assess the impact of the non-respiratory arousal burden at baseline polysomnography (PSG) on residual daytime sleepiness in positive airway pressure (PAP)-treated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: We included OSA patients from the European Sleep Apnea Database registry with available arousal data who had at least 2 treatment follow-up visits. The primary outcome was the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score under PAP.

Low and high glycemic index drinks differentially affect sleep polysomnography and memory consolidation: A randomized controlled trial.

Limited research has examined the effect of meal composition on sleep. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that a low glycemic index (LGI) drink containing 50 g isomaltulose (Palatinose, GI = 32) would result in more N3 sleep, less rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and better memory consolidation than a high glycemic index (HGI) drink containing 50 g glucose (GI = 100). Healthy males (n = 20) attended the laboratory on three occasions at least a week apart (one acclimatization night and two test nights).