A Retrospective Observational Study Evaluating COVID-19 Mortality and Morbidity in a Rural ICU Among People Over and Under 65.

Background The literature surrounding COVID-19 mortality in the elderly compellingly leans towards the elderly faring worse. The populations of such literature often combined the rural and urban populations or simply discounted the rural population altogether. Anecdotal evidence suggests that this stigma is misplaced and that the elderly are not always at risk of the worst health outcomes.

A syndemic approach to the study of Covid-19-related death: a cohort study using UK Biobank data.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic showed higher infection, severity and death rates among those living in poorer socioeconomic conditions. We use syndemic theory to guide the analyses to investigate the impact of social adversity and multiple long-term conditions (MLTC) on Covid-19 mortality.

Methods: The study sample comprised 154 725 UK Biobank participants.

Systematic development of a complex intervention: a theory and evidence-based physiotherapist led group intervention to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour following bariatric surgery (PARIS).

Objectives: To describe the systematic development of a physiotherapist led group behaviour change intervention targeting physical activity and sedentary behaviour in individuals who have undergone bariatric surgery.

Study Design: Intervention development including evidence synthesis, qualitative research and mapping of intervention components, using the 2008 MRC framework for complex interventions.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review to identify the evidence for promising interventions and components to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour following bariatric surgery.

Identification and characterization of human KALRN mRNA and Kalirin protein isoforms.

Kalirin is a multidomain protein with important roles in neurite outgrowth, and synaptic spine formation and remodeling. Genetic and pathophysiological links with various neuropsychiatric disorders associated with synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment have sparked interest in its potential as a pharmacological target. Multiple Kalirin proteoforms are detected in the adult human brain, yet we know little about the diversity of the transcripts that encode them or their tissue profiles.

Interpersonal counselling for adolescent depression delivered by youth mental health workers without core professional training: the ICALM feasibility RCT.

Background: As milder cases of adolescent depression do not meet treatment thresholds for specialist mental health services, young people often receive support from non-qualified professionals in third-sector/voluntary agencies. Early psychological interventions to meet growing demand with limited resources are crucial.

Objectives: The study aimed to explore the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of interpersonal counselling for adolescents by (1) assessing the feasibility and acceptability of trial procedures; (2) exploring the delivery of, and differences between, interpersonal counselling for adolescents and treatment as usual; (3) evaluating the extent of contamination of the control arm and if it should be mitigated against in a future trial; and (4) investigating whether the interval estimate of benefit of interpersonal counselling for adolescents over treatment as usual in depression post treatment includes a clinically significant effect.

Arabidopsis WALL-ASSOCIATED KINASES are not required for oligogalacturonide-induced signaling and immunity.

Carbohydrate-based cell wall signaling impacts plant growth, development, and stress responses; however, how cell wall signals are perceived and transduced remains poorly understood. Several cell wall breakdown products have been described as typical damage-associated molecular patterns that activate plant immunity, including pectin-derived oligogalacturonides (OGs). Receptor kinases of the WALL-ASSOCIATED KINASE (WAK) family bind pectin and OGs and were previously proposed as OG receptors.

Molecular Basis of Eusocial Complexity: The Case of Worker Reproductivity in Bees.

In eusocial insects, the molecular basis of worker reproductivity, including how it changes with eusocial complexity, remains relatively poorly understood. To address this, we used mRNA-seq to isolate genes differentially expressed between ovary-active and ovary-inactive workers in the intermediately eusocial bumblebee Bombus terrestris. By comparisons with data from the advanced eusocial honeybee Apis mellifera, which shows reduced worker reproductivity, we characterized gene expression differences associated with change in worker reproductivity as a function of eusocial complexity.

Pregnancy Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) now accounts for the majority of pre-existing diabetes affecting pregnancy in the UK. Our aim was to determine its impact on pregnancy outcomes compared to type 1 diabetes (T1D), gestational diabetes (GDM) and non-diabetes pregnancies.

Data Sources: PubMed was searched 1 January 2009-2024.

Electronic Sepsis Screening Among Patients Admitted to Hospital Wards: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial.

Importance: Sepsis screening is recommended among hospitalized patients but is supported by limited evidence of effectiveness.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of electronic sepsis screening, compared with no screening, on mortality among hospitalized ward patients.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In a stepped-wedge, cluster randomized trial at 5 hospitals in Saudi Arabia, 45 wards (clusters) were randomized into 9 sequences, 5 wards each, to have sepsis screening implemented at 2-month periods.

Winner-loser plant trait replacements in human-modified tropical forests.

Anthropogenic landscape modification may lead to the proliferation of a few species and the loss of many. Here we investigate mechanisms and functional consequences of this winner-loser replacement in six human-modified Amazonian and Atlantic Forest regions in Brazil using a causal inference framework. Combining floristic and functional trait data for 1,207 tree species across 271 forest plots, we find that forest loss consistently caused an increased dominance of low-density woods and small seeds dispersed by endozoochory (winner traits) and the loss of distinctive traits, such as extremely dense woods and large seeds dispersed by synzoochory (loser traits).

Draft genome sequence of a non-human primate-derived isolate of .

is a common human commensal and opportunistic fungal pathogen that is also found in non-human primates (NHPs). Here, we report the first draft sequence of NCYC 4418, a fecal isolate from an adult cynomolgus macaque.

Ultrafast structural dynamics of UV photoexcited ,-1,3-cyclooctadiene observed with time-resolved electron diffraction.

Conjugated diene molecules are highly reactive upon photoexcitation and can relax through multiple reaction channels that depend on the position of the double bonds and the degree of molecular rigidity. Understanding the photoinduced dynamics of these molecules is crucial for establishing general rules governing the relaxation and product formation. Here, we investigate the femtosecond time-resolved photoinduced excited-state structural dynamics of ,-1,3-cyclooctadiene, a large-flexible cyclic conjugated diene molecule, upon excitation with 200 nm using mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction and trajectory surface hopping dynamics simulations.

Time-decay patterns and irregular disturbance: contrasting roles of abundant and rare microbial communities in dynamic coastal seawater.

Unlabelled: Microbial communities in coastal seas experience strong environmental disturbances, yet their response patterns, especially regarding differently abundant subcommunities, remain poorly understood. Here, through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we investigated the diversity, time-decay pattern, and assembly process of abundant, conditionally rare taxa (CRT) and rare microbial subcommunities in temperate coastal waters over 60 consecutive weeks. The abundant (50.

Measurement of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in serum by LC-MS/MS compared to immunoassay reveals inconsistent agreement in paediatric samples.

Objectives: Automated immunoassays for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D) have increased the use of serum measurements in clinical and research settings, but disagreement with LC-MS/MS methods remains an issue.

Methods: In this study, we examined this problem using samples obtained from healthy young adults, n=80, mean age 21.7 (18-32) years, and a large cohort of paediatric samples, n=422, mean age 7.

Oral switch vs. continued intravenous antibiotic therapy in patients with bacteraemia and sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Bacteraemia and sepsis have traditionally required continued intravenous (IV) antibiotics.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate if early transition to oral antibiotics is non-inferior to continued IV antibiotic therapy in treating patients with bacteraemia and sepsis.

Data Sources: Data sources include MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Wanfang databases from inception to 13 July 2024, along with clinical trial registries and Google.

Cost consequences analysis of early vocational rehabilitation compared with usual care for stroke survivors.

Objective: To compare costs and consequences of Early Stroke Specialist Vocational Rehabilitation (ESSVR) with usual care in working age, stroke survivors over 12 months.

Design: An economic evaluation nested within the pragmatic, multi-centre, randomised, controlled RETurn to work After stroKE (RETAKE) study.

Setting: Twenty-one English and Welsh National Health Service (NHS) hospital-based stroke units.