Application of Odd Lomax log-logistic distribution to cancer data.

The effectiveness of the parental distribution is modified in this article by adding flexibility, allowing it to capture all characteristics of the provided real-world data sets. This is accomplished by using the T-X class of distributions to generalize the parental distribution. Odd Lomax log-logistic distribution or OLLLD in short, is the name of the generalized parental distribution.

Advancing sanitary surveillance: Innovating a live-feed sewer monitoring framework for effective water level and chamber cover detections.

Efficient sanitation system management relies on vigilant sewage surveillance to uphold environmental hygiene. The absence of robust monitoring infrastructure jeopardizes unimpeded conduit flow, leading to floods and contamination. The accumulation of harmful gases in sewer chambers, coupled with tampered lids, compounds sewer network challenges, resulting in structural damage, disruptions, and safety risks from accidents and gas inhalation.

The recent possible strategies for breeding ultraviolet-B-resistant crops.

The sensitivity of crops to ultraviolet B (UVB, 280-315 nm) radiation varies significantly. Plants' sensitivity to UVB is heavily influenced by the activity of the enzyme cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase, which fixes UVB-induced CPDs. Crops grown in tropical areas with high level of UVB radiation, like from Africa and ssp.

Microwave promoted graft copolymerization of poly(ethylacrylate) onto k-carrageenan for removal of Cd and Ni from aqueous solution.

Microwave promoted graft copolymerization of poly (ethyl acrylate) onto kappa-carrageenan in presence of a redox pair (ascorbic acid and potassium persulfate) led to the formation of a novel copolymer hydrogel, kappa-carrageenan-graft-poly (ethylacrylate). By varying the reaction conditions such as the microwave power, reaction time, concentration of kappa-carrageenan, ascorbic acid and persulfate, copolymers of highest percentage grafting was obtained and characterized by FT-IR, SEM, TGA and XRD. The copolymer was evaluated as an adsorbent for the adsorption of Ni(II) and Cd(II).

Impact of COVID-19 on ophthalmic surgical procedures in sub-Saharan Africa: a multicentre study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on healthcare and ophthalmology services globally. Numerous studies amongst various medical and surgical specialties showed a reduction in patient attendance and surgical procedures performed. Prior published ophthalmic literature focused on specific types of procedures and were usually single centre.

The link between changing in host carbon allocation and resistance to : a possible tactic for mitigating the rice blast fungus.

One of the most destructive diseases affecting rice is rice blast, which is brought on by the rice blast fungus . The preventive measures, however, are not well established. To effectively reduce the negative effects of rice blasts on crop yields, it is imperative to comprehend the dynamic interactions between pathogen resistance and patterns of host carbon allocation.

Assessment of the Surgical Oncology Case Volume Within the Public Sector in Tanzania.

Purpose: Surgery provides vital services to diagnose, treat, and palliate patients suffering from malignancies. However, despite its importance, there is little information on the delivery of surgical oncology services in Tanzania.

Methods: Operative logbooks were reviewed at all national referral hospitals that offer surgery, all zonal referral hospitals in Mainland Tanganyika and Zanzibar, and a convenience sampling of regional referral hospitals in 2022.

Prevalence, medication adherence, and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus during Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic among adults in Tanzania.

Introduction: Excessive consumption of comfort foods, which are mostly high in carbs, and limitations on outdoor and gym-based physical activities, for instance, are associated with foods high in the glycemic index and raise the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In pandemic and or epidemic situations, peoples' lifestyles may change significantly to lead them to non-communicable diseases. However, lifestyle changes and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic among adults have not been well established in Tanzania.

Predictors of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at regional referral hospitals in the central zone, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.

Microvascular complications encompass a group of diseases which result from long-standing chronic effect of diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to determine the prevalence of microvascular complications and associated risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A cross-sectional analytical hospital-based study was conducted at Singida and Dodoma regional referral hospitals in Tanzania from December 2021 to September 2022.

Angiographic characteristics of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an important cause of global burden of disease. There is a paucity of data on the burden and risk factors for CAD in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), despite the rising trends in the shared risk factors across regions. The recent introduction of cardiac catheterization laboratory services in SSA could shed light on the burden of CAD in the region.

Measure for clinical supervision practices as factors of predictive indicators of teachers' professional identity development in Tanzania.

Developing teachers' professional identity is an ongoing process requiring multiple factors. However, the literature lacks a relationship between measures for clinical supervision practices and predictive indicators of teachers' professional identity development. Therefore, the study explored the opinions of school heads and teachers on measures for better school heads' clinical supervision practices and predictive indicators of teachers' professional identity development in Tanzania public secondary schools.

We get affected too: Women's occupational safety and health hazards in the fish processing subsector in Tanzania demystified.

While there have been numerous studies in the occupational safety and health hazards (OSHHs') domain in the heavy and beleaguered manufacturing industries, where men are quantitatively dominant, the same level of attention has not been accorded to lighter and small-medium enterprises such as the fish processing subsector, where most women sell their labour-power. This apathy is the failure to acknowledge the existence of numerous OSHHs and their gendered-differentiated effects in such spaces. This paper demonstrates how women got affected in less considered environments, particularly the fish processing subsector.

Spatial and seasonal distribution of cyanobacteria Moorea species in coastal waters of Tanzania.

This study aimed at identifying the presence of harmful cyanobacteria, detecting potential harmful algae toxins and their distribution in three seasons: December to February (hot dry season), March to May (rainy season), and June to November (cool dry season) of 2016. The samples were collected in five study sites in Tanzania: Tumbe, Chwaka, Paje, Bweleo in Zanzibar islands and Songosongo Island, mainland Tanzania, where skin irritation problems were observed in seaweed workers in an earlier study. The cyanobacteria from the Moorea genus were microscopically detected in the seawater, with highest concentrations in the months with the highest seawater temperature or hot dry season, than in the other two seasons.

Mental health disorders among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic in the area with no mandatory lockdown: a multicenter survey in Tanzania.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about a major public health concern worldwide. It forced many countries to enforce lockdowns, leading to the closure of higher learning institutions. The abrupt shift in the lifestyle of students had a profound impact on their mental health.

Intimate partner violence influences modern family planning use among married women in Tanzania: cross-sectional study.

Background: Married women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) are less likely to negotiate with their partners on modern family planning (FP) use. This study aimed to determine the influence of intimate partner violence and sociodemographics on modern family planning use.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Mara region, Tanzania from April to July 2020.

Switch from fight-flight to freeze-hide: The impacts of severe stress and brain serotonin on behavioral adaptations in flatfish.

Animals often experience changes in their environment that can be perceived as stressful. Previous evidence indicates that different individuals may have distinct stress responses. The role of serotonin (5-HT) in stress adaptation is well established, but its relationship with different defense strategies and the persistence of physiological and behavioral responses in different individuals during repeated acute stress remain unclear.

Electrode material impact on microbial fuel cell and electro-Fenton systems for enhanced slaughterhouse wastewater treatment: A comparative study of graphite and titanium.

The treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater is a complex task demanding careful consideration due to its challenging nature. Therefore, exploring more sustainable treatment methods for this particular type of wastewater is of utmost significance. This research focused on the impact of electrode materials, specifically graphite and titanium, on the efficiency of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and electro-Fenton systems in treating slaughterhouse wastewater.

Comparing the efficacy of coefficient of variation control charts using generalized multiple dependent state sampling with various run-rule control charts.

This paper aimed to develop a coefficient of variation (CV) control chart utilizing the generalized multiple dependent state (GMDS) sampling approach for CV monitoring. We conducted a comprehensive examination of this designed control chart in comparison to existing control charts based on multiple dependent state sampling (MDS) and the Shewhart-type CV control chart, with a focus on average run lengths. The results were then compared to run-rule control charts available in the existing literature.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on tourism, income of local communities and biodiversity conservation: Evidence from Burunge wildlife management area, Tanzania.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in various negative repercussions worldwide in terms of biological conservation, the tourism sector and socio-economic welfare. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on socio-economic activities, income from the tourism sector, alternative sources of income adapted by the local communities adjacent to the Burunge Wildlife Management Area (WMA) as a means of survival, and its implications for biodiversity conservation. To assess tourism status, socio-economic activities and alternative livelihoods, interviews, semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informants' consultations were conducted on 264 respondents, of whom 53 % (n = 140) were men and 47 % (n = 124) were women.

Challenges facing the implementation of fee-free education in primary schools in Tanzania.

In this paper we investigated the challenges facing the implementation of Fee-Free Education (FFE) in primary schools in Tanzania. We adopted a qualitative approach with a case study exploratory design. The study was carried out in the Geita District Council, involving 28 participants.

Finite element simulation of Soret-Dufour and conjugate heating effects on mixed convective heat absorbing hydromagnetic Casson fluid flow with suction/blowing from flat semi-infinite vertical porous plate.

The finite element simulations of the Soret-Dufour and angled magnetic field effects on conjugate heat and mass transportation of unsteady heat absorbing hydromagnetic Casson flow across a semi-infinite flat oscillatory plate engrafted in a porous medium with suction/blowing, radiation and chemical reaction is performed. The dimensionless coupled flow guiding nonlinear PDEs of the physical structure is handled numerically by the dynamic Galerkin finite element scheme. The demeanor of the velocity, concentration and the temperature profiles due to the alterations in the regulating flow parameters are examined graphically whereas the wall-friction, mass and heat transfer rates explicated by utilizing the tabular data.

Adequacy of haemodialysis and associated factors among patients with end-stage kidney disease in Tanzania.

Objectives: Adequate haemodialysis helps maintain normal renal function by removing toxins and other waste products in patients with end-stage kidney disease. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and predictors of adequacy of haemodialysis and outcomes in patients with end-stage kidney disease.

Methods: This longitudinal analytical hospital-based study was conducted at two dialysis centres in Dodoma city, Tanzania, between February and July of 2020.

Artificial intelligence-supported diabetic retinopathy screening in Tanzania: rationale and design of a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Globally, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness. Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to see the largest proportionate increase in the number of people living with diabetes over the next two decades. Screening for DR is recommended to prevent sight loss; however, in many low and middle-income countries, because of a lack of specialist eye care staff, current screening services for DR are not optimal.

"We always felt psychologically unstable": A qualitative study of midwives' experiences in providing maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania.

Aim: We explored midwives' experiences and challenges in providing maternity care during the period of the first surge of the COVID-19 pandemic in Dodoma.

Design: Phenomenological study design was used to explore midwives' experiences and challenges in providing maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania.

Methods: We conducted interviews with a total of 23 midwives, using semi-structured interviews and an audio recorder.