Targeted downregulation of insulin signaling restricts human tau pathogenesis by reinstating the aberrant heterochromatin loss and mTOR/4EBP/S6K pathway in Drosophila.

Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of paired helical filaments (PHFs)/or neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in neuronal/glial cells. Besides hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, aberrant heterochromatin loss and translation dysfunction have emerged as other important aspects contributing to the disease pathogenesis. We have recently reported that tissue-specific downregulation of insulin signaling or its growth-promoting downstream sub-branch effectively reinstates the tau-mediated overactivated insulin pathway, and restricts pathogenic tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregate formation.

Diverse roles of phytohormonal signaling in modulating plant-virus interaction.

Virus infection brings about changes in the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome status of the infected plant wherein substantial alterations in the abundance of phytohormones and associated components involved in their signaling pathways have been observed. In the recent years, extensive research in the field of plant virology has showcased the undisputable significance of phytohormone signaling during plant-virus interactions. Apart from acting as growth regulators, phytohormones elicit robust immune response, which restricts the viral multiplication within the plant as well as its propagation by vector.

Unravelling the Molecular Dialogue of Beneficial Microbe-Plant Interactions.

Plants are an intrinsic part of the soil community, which is comprised of a diverse range of organisms that interact in the rhizosphere through continuous molecular communications. The molecular dialogue within the plant microbiome involves a complex repertoire of primary and secondary metabolites that interact within different liquid matrices and biofilms. Communication functions are likely to involve membrane-less organelles formed by liquid-liquid phase separation of proteins and natural deep eutectic solvents that play a role as alternative media to water.

Regulatory network of non-coding RNA in Helicobacter pylori: A systematic approach.

Helicobacter pylori, a pathogenic bacterium residing in the human gut microbiome, is a forefront pillar of biological factors known to cause gastric cancer (GC) in human. At genetic levels, the emerging field of RNAomics has shed light on the need to investigate a significant biological macromolecule known as Noncoding RNA that plays pivotal role in diverse biological and functional facets of bacterial pathogenesis and survival. Notably, H.

Deciphering the role of growth regulators in enhancing plant immunity against herbivory.

Plants are central to global food production, and the pursuit of sustainability aims to enhance or preserve food quality while safeguarding the environment. Due to their immobility, plants are unable to evade unfavourable climatic setups or interactions with other living creatures. Upon their interaction with insect herbivores, plants face biotic stress, which is a constant challenge for plants, causing molecular, physiological, and biochemical changes and reducing their productivity.

Nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs (NRTIs and NNRTIs) are capable of binding Chandipura virus polymerase protein (L) and inhibit virus replication.

Unlabelled: Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an emerging pathogen of Indian subcontinent. It is a vector borne virus and belongs to Rhabdovirus family. In recent past several outbreaks reported from the states of "Maharastha", "Gujrat", "Andra Pradesh" causing more than 300 deaths of children below 15 years and case-fatality rate was more than 50%.

Catalase regulation during plant-virus-vector interaction.

Plant-virus-host interaction is a complex process involving several players. A constant arms race between the hosts and viruses has led to their co-evolution. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules that regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses.

Tetraspanin 5 orchestrates resilience to salt stress through the regulation of ion and reactive oxygen species homeostasis in rice.

Tetraspanins (TETs) are integral membrane proteins, characterized by four transmembrane domains and a unique signature motif in their large extracellular loop. They form dynamic supramolecular complexes called tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs), through interactions with partner proteins. In plants, TETs are involved in development, reproduction and immune responses, but their role in defining abiotic stress responses is largely underexplored.

Targeted inhibition of NRF2 reduces the invasive and metastatic ability of HIP1 depleted lung cancer cells.

Background: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) presents as a highly metastatic disease with Kras and P53 as prevalent oncogenic driver mutations. Endocytosis, through its role in receptor recycling and enrichment, is important for cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Huntingtin Interacting Protein 1 (HIP1) is a clathrin mediated endocytic adapter protein found overexpressed in different cancers.

Insights into the mechanism of Morbillivirus induced immune suppression.

Viruses enter the host cell, and various strategies are employed to evade the host immune system. These include overcoming the various components of the immune system, including modulation of the physical and chemical barriers, non-specific innate response and specific adaptive immune response. Morbilliviruses impose immune modulation by utilizing various approaches including hindering antigen presentation to T-Helper (T) cells, hematopoiesis and suppression of effector molecule activities.

Decoding the connection between lncRNA and obesity: Perspective from humans and .

Background: Obesity is a burgeoning global health problem with an escalating prevalence and severe implications for public health. New evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play a pivotal role in regulating adipose tissue function and energy homeostasis across various species. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying obesity remain elusive.

Abscisic acid: An emerging player in plant-virus interactions.

In the evolutionary arm race between plants and viral pathogens, the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) has surfaced as a crucial player. This review accumulates substantial evidence that portrays ABA as a crucial regulatory hub, coordinating the complex network of plant antiviral immunity. It is capable of synchronizing resistance pathways, yet it can also be exploited as a susceptibility factor by viral effectors.

Rice A20/AN1 protein, OsSAP10, confers water-deficit stress tolerance via proteasome pathway and positive regulation of ABA signaling in Arabidopsis.

Overexpression of rice A20/AN1 zinc-finger protein, OsSAP10, improves water-deficit stress tolerance in Arabidopsis via interaction with multiple proteins. Stress-associated proteins (SAPs) constitute a class of A20/AN1 zinc-finger domain containing proteins and their genes are induced in response to multiple abiotic stresses. The role of certain SAP genes in conferring abiotic stress tolerance is well established, but their mechanism of action is poorly understood.

Identification of CKX gene family in Morus indica cv K2 and functional characterization of MiCKX4 during abiotic stress.

Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) is the key enzyme that has been observed to catalyze irreversible inactivation of cytokinins and thus modulate cytokinin levels in plants. CKX gene family is known to have few members which are, expanded in the genome mainly due to duplication events. A total of nine MiCKXs were identified in Morus indica cv K2 with almost similar gene structures and conserved motifs and domains.

Optimization and Characterization of an Ultra-Thermostable, Acidophilic, Cellulase-Free Xylanase from a New Obligate Thermophilic Geobacillus thermoleovorans AKNT10 and its Application in Saccharification of Wheat Bran.

Microbial xylanases are enzymes of great importance due to their wide industrial applications, especially in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. This study aimed to describe the production optimization and partial characterization of an ultra-thermostable, acidophilic, cellulase-free xylanase from an obligate thermophilic eubacterium Geobacillus thermoleovorans strain-AKNT10 (Ac.No.

Chandipura Virus Forms Cytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies through Phase Separation and Proviral Association of Cellular Protein Kinase R and Stress Granule Protein TIA-1.

Negative-strand RNA viruses form cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IBs) representing virus replication foci through phase separation or biomolecular condensation of viral and cellular proteins, as a hallmark of their infection. Alternatively, mammalian cells form stalled mRNA containing antiviral stress granules (SGs), as a consequence of phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) through condensation of several RNA-binding proteins including TIA-1. Whether and how Chandipura virus (CHPV), an emerging human pathogen causing influenza-like illness, coma and death, forms IBs and evades antiviral SGs remain unknown.

A New Bacteriophage Isolated from Hospital Sewage for Inactivation of Biofilms of Carbapenem Resistant Clinical Isolates.

, a member of the ESKAPE pathogen group, is a prominent cause of hospital-acquired infections. The WHO has recognized carbapenem-resistant as a critical-one priority pathogen. These resilient superbugs have the ability to form biofilms and present a significant global threat.

Viral mimicry and endocrine system: Divulging the importance in host-microbial crosstalk.

Host-pathogen interactions are complex associations which evolve over long co-evolutionary histories. Pathogens exhibit different mechanisms to gain advantage over their host. Mimicry of host factors is an influential tool in subverting host mechanisms to ensure pathogenesis.

Charting the Course: Towards a Comprehensive Newborn Screening Program in India.

Integrating health interventions in a growing economy like India, with a birth cohort of 27 million/year, one-fifth of all childbirths, and approximately one-third of neonatal deaths globally, is a challenge. While mortality statistics are vital, intact survival and early preventive healthcare, such as newborn screening (NBS), are paramount. The appalling lack of information about the precise burden of metabolic errors at the state/national level or a mandated program encouraged a feasibility study of NBS in a prospective newborn cohort recruited in Delhi State (November 2014-April 2017) using a public-private partnership mode.

Prognostic role of TEAD4 in TNBC: in-silico inhibition of the TEAD4-YAP interaction by flufenamic acid analogs.

Unlabelled: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses a significant global health challenge due to its highly aggressive nature and invasive characteristics. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway, a key regulator of various biological processes, is observed in TNBC, and its inhibition holds promise for impeding cancer growth. This in-silico analysis investigates the role of Transcriptional Enhanced Associate Domain 4 (TEAD4) in TNBC and its interaction with Yes Associated Protein (YAP) in cancer progression.

Inhibition of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response acts as a switch for reversal of residual senescence and as senolytic therapy in glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma due to recurrence is clinically challenging with 10-15 months overall survival. Previously we showed that therapy-induced senescence (TIS) in glioblastoma reverses causing recurrence. Here, we aim to delineate the TIS reversal mechanism for potential therapeutic intervention to prevent glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence.

Does Deteriorating Antioxidant Defense and Impaired γ-Glutamyl Cycle Induce Oxidative Stress and Hemolysis in Individuals with Sickle Cell Disease?

Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects two-thirds of African and Indian children. Understanding the molecular mechanisms contributing to oxidative stress may be useful for therapeutic development in SCD. We evaluated plasma elemental levels of Indian SCD patients, trait, and healthy controls ( = 10 per group) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.