An integrated proteo-transcriptomics approach reveals novel drug targets against multidrug resistant .

Infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) are associated with severe morbidity and mortality, worldwide. Microbial drug resistance is a complex phenomenon which is conditioned by an interplay of several genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic factors. Here, we have conducted an integrated transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of MDR to identify genes which are differentially expressed at both mRNA and protein levels.

Comparative translational reprogramming of during mechanical wounding.

Unlabelled: (soybean) is a highly protein-rich legume that also contains oils and vitamins. Unfortunately, soybean faces many biotic and abiotic stresses including heat, drought, pests, wounds, infections, and salinity, which limits the crop productivity. Among these, mechanical wounding (MW) causes significant harm to plants, creates a passage for invading pathogens, and disrupts plant metabolism.

'Coping cat' - A CBT modality for Indian children with high anxiety.

AimThis study aimed to examine the efficacy of the Coping Cat program, a CBT intervention, for Indian children (11-13 years) with high anxiety.MethodologyA total of 240 children were screened, and 120 children with high anxiety were randomly assigned to either a treatment group ( = 60) or a control group ( = 60). The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS), Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Child Anxiety Impact Scale (CAIS) were used to assess anxiety symptoms and related outcomes.

Roles of methyl-CpG-binding-domain (MBD) protiens in regulation of biological processes in plants.

DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mark found in both eukaryotic as well as prokaryotic genomes. It is essential for regulating expression of genes and preservation of genomic integrity. Both plants and animals possess specific proteins that mediate biological effects of DNA methylation.

UFMylation: Exploring a lesser known post translational modification.

Ubiquitination is a highly conserved post-translational modification (PTM) in which ubiquitin (Ub) is covalently attached to substrate proteins resulting in the alteration of protein structure, function, and stability. Another class of PTM mediated by ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) has gained significant attention among researchers in recent years. This article focuses on one such UBL-mediated PTM i.

Reconfiguring the immune system to target cancer: Therapies based on T cells, cytokines, and vaccines.

Over the years, extensive research has been dedicated to performing in-depth analysis of cancer to uncover the intricate details of its nature - including the types of cancer, causative agents, stimulators of disease progression, factors contributing to poor prognosis, and efficient therapies to restrict the metastatic aggressiveness. This chapter highlights the mechanisms through which different arms of the host immune system - namely cytokines, lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) -can be mobilized to eradicate cancer. Most malignant tumors are either poorly immunogenic, or are harbored in a highly immuno-suppressive microenvironment.

Exploring immunotherapy to control human infectious diseases.

Infectious diseases continue to pose significant challenges to global health, especially with the rise of antibiotic resistance and emerging pathogens. Traditional treatments, while effective, are often limited in the face of rapidly evolving pathogens. Immunotherapy, which harnesses and enhances the body's immune response, offers a promising alternative to conventional approaches for the treatment of infectious diseases.

Revolutionizing pancreatic cancer treatment with CAR-T therapy.

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies, with a five-year survival rate among the lowest of all cancers. This poor prognosis is largely due to the aggressive nature of the disease and its resistance to conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, a novel immunotherapeutic approach leverages the patient's own immune system to specifically target and eliminate cancer cells by genetically engineering T cells to express CARs that recognize tumor-specific antigens.

Exploring immunotherapy with antibody-drug conjugates in solid tumor oncology.

Immunotherapy has emerged as a hallmark of hope in the formidable battle against solid tumors such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, etc., with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) starting a new era of precision medicine. This chapter delves into the dynamic landscape of immunotherapeutic strategies, focusing on the transformative potential of ADCs.

From infection to remedy: Harnessing oncolytic viruses in cancer treatment.

Oncolytic virus (OV) mediated immunotherapy is one of the recent techniques used to treat higher grade cancers where conventional therapies like chemotherapy, radiation fail. OVs as a therapeutic tool show high efficacy and fewer side effects than conventional methods as supported by multiple preclinical and clinical studies since they are engineered to target tumours. In this chapter, we discuss the modifications in viruses to make them oncolytic, types of strains commonly administered, mechanisms employed by viruses to specifically target and eradicate malignancy and progress achieved as reported in case studies (preclinical and clinical trials).

From past to present: The evolution of immunotherapy and its modern modalities.

Immunotherapy is emerging as a novel and reliable therapeutic technique for treating diseases such as autoimmunity, HIV/AIDS, allergy and cancers. This approach works by modulating the patient's immune system, activating both the innate and humoral branches to combat life-threatening diseases. The foundation of immunotherapy began with the discovery and development of "serum therapy" by German physiologist Emil Von Behring who received the Nobel Prize in 1901 for his contributions to the treatment of diphtheria.

Afobazole: a potential drug candidate which can inhibit SARS CoV-2 and mimicry of the human respiratory pacemaker protein.

Unlabelled: In COVID-19 patients, respiratory failure was reported due to damage to the respiratory centers of the brainstem. Molecular mimicry of three brainstem pre-Botzinger complex proteins (DAB1, AIFM and SURF1) was regarded as the underlying reason for respiratory failure and the autoimmune neurological sequelae. Of the three brainstem proteins mimicked by SARS CoV-2, corresponding sequences to two of the mimicry peptides were located in the N-protein of SARS CoV-2.

Apoptotic proteins in Leishmania donovani: in silico screening, modeling, and validation by knock-out and gene expression analysis.

Visceral leishmaniasis, a life-threatening vector-borne illness that disproportionately affects children and elderly immunocompromised people, is a primary tropical neglected disease. No apoptotic partner proteins have yet been reported in Leishmania donovani, while their identification could contribute to knowledge on parasite cell death and the establishment of alternative therapeutics. We searched for mammalian Bcl-2 family protein orthologs and found one anti-apoptotic and two pro-apoptotic orthologs in L.

Roles of Hormones in Regulating Root Growth-Water Interactions.

Water stress presents a critical challenge affecting plant growth and agricultural productivity, with drought alone causing substantial yield losses. Roots serve as the primary site for water uptake, enabling plants to detect water stress by sensing changes in soil moisture levels. This initial perception prompts roots to initiate a spectrum of adaptive responses at morphological, anatomical, and biochemical levels.

SDG8 and HUB2 depositing euchromatin histone marks play important roles in meiosis and crossing-over regulation.

Histone modifications play critical roles in plant growth and development. Crossing-over (CO) during meiosis, which constitutes a fundamental process ensuring sexual transmission of genetic material to the next generation and, meanwhile, generating diversity within species by creating new chromosome/allele combinations, occurs predominantly in euchromatin, which is enriched in active histone marks such as H3K4me3, H3K36me3, and H2Bub1. In plants, it is known that CO hotspots are correlated with H3K4me3 but the role of H3K36me3 and H2Bub1 during meiosis remains elusive so far.

The role of nonlinear axonal membrane capacitance in modulating ion channel cooperativity in action potential dynamics: Studies on Hodgkin-Huxley's model.

Hodgkin-Huxley's (HH) model of action potential (AP) has been modified in view of the nonlinear membrane capacitance of the axon of a neuron as well as the cooperation among the participating ion channels in the axon. Previous studies of action potential behavior based on computational analysis of modified HH models with either nonlinear axonal membrane capacitance or ion channel cooperativity show significant changes in action potential dynamics, e.g.

Determination of enzyme kinetic parameters of fast-acting Schizosaccharomyces pombe Ulp1 catalytic domain using Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay.

The SUMO fusion technology has immensely contributed to the soluble production of therapeutics and other recombinant proteins in E. coli. The structure-based functionality of SUMO protease has remained the primary determinant for choosing SUMO as a solubility enhancer tag.

Pharmacoinformatics-based screening and construction of a neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 camelidae nanobody drug conjugate.

Nanobodies or variable antigen-binding domains (VH) derived from heavy chain-only antibodies (HcAb) occurring in the Camelidae family offer certain superior physicochemical characteristics like enhanced stability, solubility, and low immunogenicity compared to conventional antibodies. Their efficient antigen-binding capabilities make them a preferred choice for next-generation small biologics. In the present work, we design an anti-SARS-CoV-2 bi-paratopic nanobody drug conjugate by screening a nanobody database.

The SET29 and SET7 proteins of Leishmania donovani exercise non-redundant convergent as well as collaborative functions in moderating the parasite's response to oxidative stress.

SET proteins are lysine methyltransferases. In investigating Leishmania donovani SET29, we found depletion of LdSET29 by two-thirds did not affect promastigote growth, nor alter the parasite's response to UV-induced or HU-induced stress, but made it more tolerant to HO-induced oxidizing environment. The deviant response to oxidative stress was coupled to lowered accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which was linked to enhanced scavenging activity.

Mechanistic Insights into the Divergent Membrane Activities of a Viroporin from Chikungunya Virus and Its Transframe Variant.

Alphaviruses, a genus of vector-borne viruses in the family, encode a small ion-channel-forming protein, 6K, and its transframe variant (TF) during infections. Although 6K/TF have vital roles in glycoprotein transport, virus assembly, and budding, there is no mechanistic explanation for these functions. We investigated the distinct biochemical functionalities of 6K and TF from the mosquito-borne alphavirus, Chikungunya Virus.

Human Riboviruses: A Comprehensive Study.

The urgency to understand the complex interactions between viruses, their animal reservoirs, and human populations has been necessitated by the continuous spread of zoonotic viral diseases as evidenced in epidemics and pandemics throughout human history. Riboviruses are involved in some of the most prevalent human diseases, responsible for causing epidemics and pandemics. These viruses have an animal origin and have been known to cross the inter-species barrier time and time again, eventually infecting human beings.

Global proteomics reveals pathways of mesenchymal stem cells altered by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) has a remarkable ability to persist inside host cells. Several studies showed that M.

Third generation sequencing transforming plant genome research: Current trends and challenges.

In recent years, third-generation sequencing (TGS) technologies have transformed genomics and transcriptomics research, providing novel opportunities for significant discoveries. The long-read sequencing platforms, with their unique advantages over next-generation sequencing (NGS), including a definitive protocol, reduced operational time, and real-time sequencing, possess the potential to transform plant genomics. TGS optimizes and enhances the efficiency of data analysis by removing the necessity for time-consuming assembly tools.

SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and post-vaccination severity: a systematic review.

Currently, COVID-19 is still striking after 4 years of prevalence, with millions of cases and thousands of fatalities being recorded every month. The virus can impact other major organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), cardiovascular, central nervous system, renal, and hepatobiliary systems. The resulting organ dysfunction from SARS-CoV-2 may be attributed to one or a combination of mechanisms, such as direct viral toxicity, disruptions in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), thrombosis, immune dysregulation, and ischemic injury due to vasculitis.