Pembrolizumab Retreatment in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Who Responded to First-course Pembrolizumab-based Therapy.

Patients with metastatic solid tumors who previously had stable disease or a response with immunotherapy may derive benefit from immunotherapy retreatment. This post hoc analysis evaluated pembrolizumab retreatment in patients with advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma who received pembrolizumab in KEYNOTE-045, KEYNOTE-052, or KEYNOTE-361, and either stopped pembrolizumab after a complete response (CR) or completed pembrolizumab (35 cycles [∼2 yr]) with an objective response or stable disease. Upon disease progression, protocol-specified pembrolizumab retreatment (200 mg intravenously every 3 wk) was administered for ≤17 cycles.

Magnesium-dependent-Protein Phosphatase 1B Regulates the Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Through the Modulation of Myosin Phosphatase.

Dysregulation of the expression levels and the activity of kinases/phosphatases is an intrinsic hallmark of tumor transformation and progression, as either as a primary cause or consequence. The myosin phosphatase (MP)/protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5)/histone (H4) pathway is an oncogenic signaling pathway downregulating the gene expression of tumor suppressors. However, the upstream regulators of the pathway are unknown.

Smart medical report: efficient detection of common and rare diseases on common blood tests.

Introduction: The integration of AI into healthcare is widely anticipated to revolutionize medical diagnostics, enabling earlier, more accurate disease detection and personalized care.

Methods: In this study, we developed and validated an AI-assisted diagnostic support tool using only routinely ordered and broadly available blood tests to predict the presence of major chronic and acute diseases as well as rare disorders.

Results: Our model was tested on both retrospective and prospective datasets comprising over one million patients.

Acid Reflux Management with the RefluxStop Implant: A Prospective Multicenter Trial with 3-Year Outcomes.

Background: RefluxStop is a unique implant for laparoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It restores normal function of the gastroesophageal junction without the unwanted effects of encircling the esophagus, circumventing adverse events (AEs) associated with conventional anti-reflux surgeries.

Methods: Three-year follow-up of 50 patients with chronic GERD treated by RefluxStop was achieved in a prospective, single-arm, multicentric clinical trial analyzing safety and effectiveness of the procedure.

The emergence of medical futures studies uncovers medicine and healthcare's untapped potential.

Analyzing the future of medicine and healthcare, especially during the rise of digital health and artificial intelligence, should rely on established futures methods that the discipline of futures studies has been using for decades. By employing such methods, healthcare professionals, policymakers and patient leaders could better navigate the complexities of modern healthcare, anticipate emerging challenges, and shape a future that is not just awaited but actively constructed.

Particularities of deposition of two ICS-LABA fixed dose combination dry powder aerosol drugs in the airways of COPD patients.

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of breathing parameters, age, gender and disease status on the lung doses of the two ICS+LABA fixed combination dry powder drugs. Breathing parameters of 113 COPD patients were measured while inhaling through emptied NEXThaler® and Ellipta® inhalers and the corresponding lung doses were calculated. Lung dose of Foster® NEXThaler® was superior to the lung dose of Relvar® Ellipta® in around 85% of the patients.

How does air quality reflect the land cover changes: remote sensing approach using Sentinel data.

Significant environmental challenges, such as urban and industrial expansion, alongside vegetation preservation, directly influence the concentrations of critical air pollutants and greenhouse gases in cities and their surroundings. The urban development and expansion process is aptly captured by classifying land use and land cover (LULC). We aimed to analyze LULC changes in an Andean area, Ecuador, and to reveal the relations of LULC classes with three air pollutants ozone ( ), nitrogen dioxide ( ), and sulfur dioxide ( ), using remote sensing datasets (Sentinel-5P - Sentinel 1 - Sentinel-2) across different periods.

Leveraging Agri-advocacy to promote animal genetic diversity for climate change mitigation: Kenya and Tanzania perspective.

The role that genetic diversity in animal genetic resources (AnGR) plays in mitigating the effects of climate change on the global protein supply is of the utmost significance. East Africa historically played a pivotal role in the dispersal of domesticated livestock species across the African continent. At present, it maintains a substantial contribution to worldwide biodiversity as a result of its reservoir of a diverse array of AnGR, characterized by genetic and species diversity.

Benefits and challenges of the integration of haptics-enhanced virtual reality training within dental curricula.

Background: Haptics-enhanced virtual reality (VR-haptic) simulation in dental education has evolved considerably during the past decade, representing a promising resource of simulation-based training opportunities to support conventional practice. We aim to summarize current literature on the applications of VR-haptics in learning, practicing, and teaching dental education.

Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed, focusing on research articles published between January 2010 and January 2024.

Prognostic Value of Baseline Serum Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Severe Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Severe clinical manifestations of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) are associated with the dysregulation of immune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, we analyzed the levels of 10 selected cytokines at admission to estimate disease severity and to predict the length of hospitalization. In remission samples, these mediators were followed after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment before discharge.

Protective Influence of SGLT-2 Inhibitors Against Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Through Longitudinal Clinical Database Analysis.

: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, initially designed for type 2 diabetes, promote glucose excretion and lower blood glucose. Newer analogs like empagliflozin and dapagliflozin improve cardiovascular outcomes through mechanisms other than glycemic control, including blood pressure reduction and anti-inflammatory effects. Given the high cardiovascular risk present in diabetes, our study aims to emphasize the cardioprotective benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors as a preventive therapy for heart failure (HF) in high-risk T2DM patients.

Occurrence of Stress and Burnout Among Nurses Employed in a Psychiatric Hospital and a Somatic Hospital-A Comparative Analysis (Nursing Workload KEGA č. 011KU-4/2024).

Work-related stress has been linked to various negative outcomes among healthcare professionals. For nurses, stress can arise from numerous sources, including their interactions with patients. It is often perceived that nurses working in psychiatric hospitals experience greater stress and occupational burnout compared to nurses working in somatic hospitals.

Photonic Band Gap Engineering by Varying the Inverse Opal Wall Thickness.

We demonstrate the band gap programming of inverse opals by fabrication of different wall thickness by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The opal templates were synthesized using polystyrene and carbon nanospheres by the vertical deposition method. The structure and properties of the TiO inverse opal samples were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations.

Effect of Low- and Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Training on Body Composition Cardiorespiratory Functions, Biochemical Risk Factors and Adipokines in Morbid Obesity.

Background: Obesity poses an enormous public health and economic burden worldwide. Visceral fat accumulation is associated with various metabolic and cardiovascular consequences, resulting in an increased prevalence of atherosclerotic conditions. We aimed to examine the impact of low-and moderate-intensity aerobic training on several anthropometric and cardiorespiratory parameters and markers of atherosclerosis, including inflammation, serum levels of lipoproteins and adipokines of extremely obese patients in poor condition.

Zinc Ameliorates High Pi and Ca-Mediated Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Zinc is the second most abundant trace element in the human body, stored mainly in the bones. Zinc is required for bone growth and homeostasis and is also a crucial cofactor for numerous proteins that play key roles in maintaining microstructural integrity and bone remodeling. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are multipotent progenitors found in the bone marrow stroma and can differentiate along multiple lineage pathways.

Obesity: Friend or Foe in Sjögren's Syndrome Patients?

Background/objectives: In Sjögren's syndrome, exocrine glands are destructed in an autoimmune-mediated process. Obesity is known to influence a wide range of diseases. This study aimed to examine whether obesity has an impact on the disease course of our patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

AI-Based Noise-Reduction Filter for Whole-Body Planar Bone Scintigraphy Reliably Improves Low-Count Images.

: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising tool for the enhancement of physician workflow and serves to further improve the efficiency of their diagnostic evaluations. This study aimed to assess the performance of an AI-based bone scan noise-reduction filter on noisy, low-count images in a routine clinical environment. : The performance of the AI bone-scan filter (BS-AI filter) in question was retrospectively evaluated on 47 different patients' Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy image pairs (anterior- and posterior-view images), which were obtained in such a manner as to represent the diverse characteristics of the general patient population.

Correction: Ádány et al. Discrepancies between the Spatial Distribution of Cancer Incidence and Mortality as an Indicator of Unmet Needs in Cancer Prevention and/or Treatment in Hungary. 2024, , 2917.

In the original publication [...

Evaluating the Accuracy and Efficiency of Imaging Modalities in Guiding Ablation for Metastatic Spinal Column Tumors: A Systematic Review.

Background/objectives: Spinal metastases are a frequent and serious complication in cancer patients, often causing severe pain, instability, and neurological deficits. Thermal ablation techniques such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and cryoablation (CA) have emerged as minimally invasive treatments. These techniques rely on precise imaging guidance to effectively target lesions while minimizing complications.

Navigating pancreas transplant perceptions: assessing public sentiment and strategies using AI-driven analysis.

Background: Pancreas transplantation, a crucial treatment for diabetes, is underutilized due to its invasiveness, strict criteria, organ scarcity, and limited centers. This highlights the need for enhanced public education and awareness through digital health platforms.

Methods: We utilized Google's AI-driven, consensus-based model and Claude AI 3.

Analysis of COPD: Distinguishing Characteristics and Management of Smoking vs Never Smoking Patients.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant public health issue characterized by gradually worsening airflow limitation. It is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, yet research on COPD patients who have never smoked is limited. This study aims to document the demographic, symptomatic, and therapeutic characteristics of COPD patients receiving outpatient pulmonary care in Hungary, focusing on smoking history, and evaluate their distribution according to the GOLD A/B/E classification.

Anisogamy and sex roles: a commentary.

The origin and maintenance of sex differences in reproductive behavior (often labeled sex roles) have remained controversial topics, and recent meta-analyses and theoretical models have helped to elucidate the processes that generate diverse sex roles. We are glad to see that our study (Mokos et al., 2021) generated a healthy debate, and in agreement with recent commentaries (Janicke, 2024; Lehtonen & Parker, 2024) we call for a more comprehensive approach to understanding sex role evolution.

Physical activities in prisons - beyond just sport. Focus on Czechia and Hungary.

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to emphasize the importance of physical activity in prisons, its link to mental health and the potential for desistance bringing the perspective of two Eastern European countries - Czechia and Hungary. The paper aims to show that sport in prison has to be seriously considered as an activity that has the potential to positively contribute to the physical and mental health of prison inmates. The aim of the paper is to show that sport in prison is a very potential rehabilitative tool.