Surgical Outcomes of Vitrectomy for Macular Hole-induced Retinal Detachment According To Various Surgical Methods: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Purpose: To investigate the surgical outcomes of vitrectomy for macular hole-induced retinal detachment(MHRD), with respect to the surgical adjunctive method used.

Method: We performed retrospective multicenter study of patients who underwent vitrectomy for MHRD. The visual/anatomical outcomes after vitrectomy were analyzed.

Molecular diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis by multi-gene target sequencing in Korea: matching with osmotic fragility test and presence of spherocyte.

Background: Current diagnostic tests for hereditary spherocytosis (HS) focus on the detection of hemolysis or indirectly assessing defects of membrane protein, whereas direct methods to detect protein defects are complicated and difficult to implement. In the present study, we investigated the patterns of genetic variation associated with HS among patients clinically diagnosed with HS.

Methods: Multi-gene targeted sequencing of 43 genes (17 RBC membrane protein-encoding genes, 20 RBC enzyme-encoding genes, and six additional genes for the differential diagnosis) was performed using the Illumina HiSeq platform.

Assessing amblyopia treatment using multifocal visual evoked potentials.

Background: To evaluate the effect of occlusion treatment for anisometropic amblyopia using multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEPs).

Methods: The patients for this study comprised 19 patients (mean age 6.05 ± 1.

Extratarsal presentation of chalazion.

Purpose: We report a case of atypical, extratarsal chalazion referred with a history of a chronic inflammatory mass found on the edge of the lower eyelid.

Methods: A 3-year-old female developed a small mass on the medial side of the right lower lid in 4-month duration. She was seen by her ophthalmologist and the diagnosis of a chalazion was made.

The orbital volume measurement in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Enophthalmos occurs from the increased bony volume or decreased soft tissue volume in the orbit and can be caused in patients with long-term ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. This study tried to find out the change of orbital volume by measuring the orbital volume before and after operation in adult patients who underwent VP shunt for hydrocephalus. The 2 evaluators measured orbital volume by using ITK-SNAP 2.

Enlargement of the sella turcica in pseudotumor cerebri.

Object: The sella turcica usually appears partially empty in MR images obtained from patients with chronic elevation of intracranial pressure. The authors measured the size of the sella turcica to determine if enlargement of the pituitary fossa explains the partially empty sella associated with pseudotumor cerebri.

Methods: The medical records from 2005 to 2011 of a single neuro-ophthalmologist were searched to identify consecutive patients with pseudotumor cerebri.

Bone mineral density in prostate cancer: a comparative study of patients with prostate cancer and healthy controls using propensity score matching.

Objective: To determine whether the prevalence of prostate cancer is associated with a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) compared to a healthy control group and to identify the factors associated with osteoporosis in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer before the initiation of any kind of treatment.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 582 patients with prostate cancer and 2536 healthy men. Confounding variables affecting BMD, including age, serum testosterone, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoking were matched in the 2 study groups using propensity score analysis.

Carbapenem resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.

In order to define the contributions of the mechanisms for carbapenem resistance in clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we investigated the presence of OprD, the expressions of the MexAB-OprM and MexEF-OprN systems, and the production of the beta-lactamases for 44 clinical strains. All of the carbapenem-resistant isolates showed the loss of or decreased levels of OprD. Three strains overexpressed the MexAB-OprM efflux system by carrying mutations in mexR.

Survey of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: prevalence of TEM-52 in Korea.

Two hundred ninety isolates of Escherichia coli were investigated for the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). Fourteen (4.8%) of the 290 strains were found to produce ESBLs.

Central nervous system involvement in patients with scrub typhus.

Scrub typhus, which is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is a systemic illness that causes generalized vasculitis. The central nervous system (CNS) is the most crucial target in other rickettsial diseases; however, there have been several reports of encephalitis or meningitis without direct evidence of rickettsial invasion of the CNS in cases of scrub typhus. To investigate CNS involvement in cases of scrub typhus, we analyzed the CSF profiles (cell count and levels of protein and glucose) and amplified rickettsial DNA in CSF specimens by means of nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 25 patients with the infection.