Sampling fish gut microbiota - A genome-resolved metagenomic approach.

Despite a surge in microbiota-focused studies in teleosts, few have reported functional data on whole metagenomes as it has proven difficult to extract high biomass microbial DNA from fish intestinal samples. The zebrafish is a promising model organism in functional microbiota research, yet studies on the functional landscape of the zebrafish gut microbiota through shotgun based metagenomics remain scarce. Thus, a consensus on an appropriate sampling method accurately representing the zebrafish gut microbiota, or any fish species is lacking.

Gut microbiota research nexus: One Health relationship between human, animal, and environmental resistomes.

The emergence and rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance is of global public health concern. The gut microbiota harboring diverse commensal and opportunistic bacteria that can acquire resistance via horizontal and vertical gene transfers is considered an important reservoir and sink of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this review, we describe the reservoirs of gut ARGs and their dynamics in both animals and humans, use the One Health perspective to track the transmission of ARG-containing bacteria between humans, animals, and the environment, and assess the impact of antimicrobial resistance on human health and socioeconomic development.

Changes in fatty acids during storage of artisanal-processed freshwater sardines ().

For ages, indigenous small fish species have been important in food and nutritional security of poor communities in low income countries. Freshwater fish, in particular fatty fish species are attracting a great attention because they are good sources of health promoting long chain omega-3 fatty acids. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6-3), Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5-3) are the main omega-3 PUFAs known to confer health benefits in humans if consumed in required amounts.

Fluorescent light energy combined with systemic isotretinoin: A 52-week follow-up evaluating efficacy and safety in treatment of moderate-severe acne.

Fluorescent light energy therapy combined with low-dose isotretinoin or tetracycline show remarkable clinical effect on 12 cases of moderate-to-severe acne. Treatment was considered safe, well-tolerated, and highly efficacious.

On the hunt for the alternate host of .

Coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by the fungal pathogen , has plagued coffee production worldwide for over 150 years. produces urediniospores, teliospores, and the sexual basidiospores. Infection of coffee by basidiospores of has never been reported and thus far, no alternate host, capable of supporting an aecial stage in the disease cycle, has been found.

Thermal unfolding and refolding of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from .

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-containing enzymes which promote the degradation of recalcitrant polysaccharides like cellulose or chitin. Here, we have investigated the thermostability of an LPMO from (TaLPMO9A). TaLPMO9A was found to retain most of its initial activity after incubating at 100 °C while its apparent melting temperature ( ) is 69 °C at neutral pH.

Harvest effects on density and biomass of vary along environmental gradients in the Nepalese Himalayas.

A surprisingly large number of species potentially threatened by human harvest lack quantitative ecological studies incorporating harvest effects, especially clonal species in the alpine Himalayas. We studied density and biomass variation of a threatened medicinal herb, to examine the effect of harvest on plant performance. The study covered two regions with contrasting harvest situations-one with open-access and another protected from commercial harvesting.

Sequestration and biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in passion vine butterflies and consequences for the diversification of their host plants.

The colorful heliconiine butterflies are distasteful to predators due to their content of defense compounds called cyanogenic glucosides (CNglcs), which they biosynthesize from aliphatic amino acids. Heliconiine larvae feed exclusively on plants where ~30 kinds of CNglcs have been reported. Among them, some CNglcs derived from cyclopentenyl glycine can be sequestered by some species.

Colonization of Northern Europe by (Lepidoptera).

Northern and mountainous ice sheets have expanded and contracted many times due to ice ages. Consequently, temperate species have been confined to refugia during the glacial periods wherefrom they have recolonized warming northern habitats between ice ages. In this study, we compare the gene between different populations of the common burnet moth from across the Western Palearctic region to illuminate the colonization history of this species.

Local adaptation through genetic differentiation in highly fragmented populations.

We assessed the level of geographic differentiation of in Denmark based on tests of 91 trees selected from 12 isolated populations. We used quantitative analysis of spring phenology and population genetic analysis based on SSR markers to infer the likely historical genetic processes within and among populations. High genetic variation within and among populations was observed in spring phenology, which correlated with spring temperatures at the origin of the tested trees.

Differences among six woody perennials native to Northern Europe in their level of genetic differentiation and adaptive potential at fine local scale.

The ability of perennial species to adapt their phenology to present and future temperature conditions is important for their ability to retain high fitness compared to other competing plant species, pests, and pathogens. Many transplanting studies with forest tree species have previously reported substantial genetic differentiation among populations within their native range. However, the question of "how local is local" is still highly debated in conservation biology because studies on genetic patterns of variation within and among populations at the local scale are limited and scattered.

Population genetic structure of the endemic rosewoods and at a regional scale reflects the Indochinese landscape and life-history traits.

Indochina is a biodiversity hot spot and harbors a high number of endemic species, most of which are poorly studied. This study explores the genetic structure and reproductive system of the threatened endemic timber species and using microsatellite data from populations across Indochina and relates it to landscape characteristics and life-history traits. We found that the major water bodies in the region, Mekong and Tonle Sap, represented barriers to gene flow and that higher levels of genetic diversity were found in populations in the center of the distribution area, particularly in Cambodia.

Desiccation and Mortality Dynamics in Seedlings of Different European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Populations under Extreme Drought Conditions.

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L., hereafter beech), one of the major native tree species in Europe, is known to be drought sensitive. Thus, the identification of critical thresholds of drought impact intensity and duration are of high interest for assessing the adaptive potential of European beech to climate change in its native range.

Emerging applications of read profiles towards the functional annotation of the genome.

Functional annotation of the genome is important to understand the phenotypic complexity of various species. The road toward functional annotation involves several challenges ranging from experiments on individual molecules to large-scale analysis of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) data. HTS data is typically a result of the protocol designed to address specific research questions.

Simultaneous hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate MRI and (18)F-FDG-PET in cancer (hyperPET): feasibility of a new imaging concept using a clinical PET/MRI scanner.

In this paper we demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of a new imaging concept - combined hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and (18)F-FDG-PET imaging. This procedure was performed in a clinical PET/MRI scanner with a canine cancer patient. We have named this concept hyper PET.

In situ examination of Lactobacillus brevis after exposure to an oxidizing disinfectant.

Beer is a hostile environment for most microorganisms, but some lactic acid bacteria can grow in this environment. This is primarily because these organisms have developed the ability to grow in the presence of hops. It has been speculated that hop resistance is inversely correlated to resistance against oxidation, and this would have great impact on the use of various disinfectants in the brewing industry.

MicroRNA discovery by similarity search to a database of RNA-seq profiles.

In silico generated search for microRNAs (miRNAs) has been driven by methods compiling structural features of the miRNA precursor hairpin, as well as to some degree combining this with the analysis of RNA-seq profiles for which the miRNA typically leave the drosha/dicer fingerprint of 1-2 ~22 nt blocks of reads corresponding to the mature and star miRNA. In complement to the previous methods, we present a study where we systematically exploit these patterns of read profiles. We created two datasets comprised of 2540 and 4795 read profiles obtained after preprocessing short RNA-seq data from miRBase and ENCODE, respectively.

Pathogenicity of wild-type and small-colony variants of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in layer chickens.

Wild-type (WT) and small-colony-variant (SCV) strains of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus have recently been isolated from a layer flock in Denmark experiencing high mortality. To investigate the disease-causing potential of SCV compared with WT, a 2-week long infection study was performed in 45-week-old brown layer chickens.

Fusarium graminearum and Its Interactions with Cereal Heads: Studies in the Proteomics Era.

The ascomycete fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph stage: Gibberella zeae) is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight in wheat and barley. This disease leads to significant losses of crop yield, and especially quality through the contamination by diverse fungal mycotoxins, which constitute a significant threat to the health of humans and animals. In recent years, high-throughput proteomics, aiming at identifying a broad spectrum of proteins with a potential role in the pathogenicity and host resistance, has become a very useful tool in plant-fungus interaction research.

Elevated phosphorus impedes manganese acquisition by barley plants.

The occurrence of manganese (Mn) deficiency in cereal crops has increased in recent years. This coincides with increasing phosphorus (P) status of many soils due to application of high levels of animal manure and P-fertilizers. In order to test the hypothesis that elevated P my lead to Mn deficiency we have here conducted a series of hydroponics and soil experiments examining how the P supply affects the Mn nutrition of barley.