Time trends in mortality for people with severe mental illness in Denmark 2000-2018.

Purpose: People with a severe mental illness (SMI) have a marked reduction in life expectancy which is largely attributable to somatic morbidity. Life expectancy has increased in Global North populations, yet it remains unclear whether people with SMI have benefitted equally from this increase. Our objective was to explore time trends of all-cause and selected cause-specific mortality among all people in Denmark with registered diagnosis codes of SMI: depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia at psychiatric out- and in-patient settings.

Remnant Cholesterol: Quantification, Concentrations by Sex and Age, and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease.

Background: Observational and genetic causal studies have shown an association between high concentrations of remnant cholesterol and increased risk of ischemic heart disease. However, findings from randomized intervention trials that reduced plasma triglycerides, a surrogate marker of remnant cholesterol, have been conflicting. The exact mechanisms by which remnant cholesterol contributes to atherosclerosis and, ultimately, ischemic heart disease remain incompletely understood.

Hope is Not a Strategy: Key Lessons from COVID-19 for Future Health Crises.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global economies, social structures, and public health systems. However, Denmark stood out as an exception, maintaining steady life expectancy during this period. This raises important questions about the factors that strengthened the Danish healthcare system and society against the pandemic's challenges.

Cognition in elite soccer players: a general model.

This paper presents a general model of the cognitive processes involved in each play situation of soccer at the elite level. Theoretically the model draws on general frameworks from cognitive psychology and neuroscience, in particular the affordance competition hypothesis and the reward prediction error theory. The model includes three functional stages: situational assessment, action selection and execution, and outcome assessment.

The CSF p-tau/β-amyloid 42 ratio correlates with brain structure and fibrillary β-amyloid deposition in cognitively unimpaired individuals at the earliest stages of pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease.

CSF concentrations of β-amyloid 42 (Aβ42) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) are well-established biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and have been studied in relation to several neuropathological features both in patients and in cognitively unimpaired individuals. The CSF p-tau/Aβ42 ratio, a biomarker combining information from both pathophysiological processes, has emerged as a promising tool for monitoring disease progression, even at pre-clinical stages. Here, we studied the association between the CSF p-tau/Aβ42 ratio with downstream markers of pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease progression including brain structure, glucose metabolism, fibrillary Aβ deposition and cognitive performance in 234 cognitively unimpaired individuals, who underwent cognitive testing, a lumbar puncture, MRI, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-flutemetamol PET scanning.

Management of an Acquired Palatal Defect With a 3-Dimensional Printed Palatal Obturator in a Dog.

Large defects in the hard palate can be difficult to treat surgically, as dehiscence is common. These defects may instead be managed with a palatal obturator, which can serve to separate the oral and nasal cavities. In this report, a 7-year-old, mixed breed dog was treated with a palatal obturator, after presenting with an acquired palatal defect following treatment of a giant cell tumor of bone in the hard palate.

End of Life After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Survival after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has markedly increased. Thus, other comorbidities will intersect patient trajectories and challenge follow-up.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe patient characteristics and hospitalizations at end of life to further improve the quality of life for patients undergoing TAVR.

Bayesian Reanalyses of the Trials TOMAHAWK and COACT.

Background: The timing of coronary angiography in patients with successfully resuscitated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and missing ST-segment elevations on the electrocardiogram has been investigated in 2 large randomized controlled trials, TOMAHAWK (Angiography After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Without ST-Segment Elevation) and COACT (Coronary Angiography After Cardiac Arrest Trial). Both trials found neutral results for immediate vs delayed/selective coronary angiography on short-term all-cause mortality. The TOMAHAWK trial showed a tendency towards harm with immediate coronary angiography, though not statistically significant with traditional frequentist methods.

Computational Design of (B)Chl Models: Structural and Chemical Modifications toward Enriched Properties.

The functional units of natural photosynthetic systems control the process of converting sunlight into chemical energy. In this article, we explore a series of chemically and structurally modified bacteriochlorophyll and chlorophyll pigments through computational chemistry to evaluate their electronic spectroscopy properties. More specifically, we use multiconfigurational and time-dependent density functional theory methods, along with molecular dynamics simulations, to compute the models' energetics both in an implicit and explicit solvent environment.

Ferret Gastroenterology.

Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) commonly present with gastrointestinal disease, which can be of noninfectious and infectious origin. Clinical signs are often nonspecific, and can include lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and melena. Obtaining a detailed history, followed by a thorough physical examination and systematic diagnostic approach are the key to obtaining a correct diagnosis.

Identifying the population to be targeted in a lung cancer screening programme in Denmark.

Introduction: We assessed the impact of recruitment criteria on lung cancer detection in a future Danish screening programme with low-dose CT.

Methods: We combined data from two Danish population-based health examination surveys with eligibility criteria from seven randomised controlled trials on lung cancer screening. Incident lung cancers were identified by linkage with the National Pathology Data Bank (Patobank).

Nurses' Experiences and Perceptions of P2/N95 Mask Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia: A Qualitative Study.

Experiencing side effects when wearing N95/P2 masks has negative impacts on health workers and increases exposure to pathogens. While side effects of wearing P2/N95 masks have been reported previously, these masks have never been used as widely as during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines Australian hospital nurses' experiences and perceptions of P2/N95 mask usage and its impacts on patient care at a time when P2/N95 masks were widely used.

Contact Allergy to Methacrylate Containing Nail Products: Lack of Impact of EU Legislation. An Audit on Behalf of the European Environmental Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG).

Background: There is a current fashion for the use of methacrylate-containing nail cosmetics that can induce allergic contact dermatitis. European Union (EU) legislation was introduced in 2021 that had the aim of preventing its development.

Objectives: To assess prevalence and exposures causing contact allergy to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) prior to and following implementation of the legislation.

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and the risk of thrombotic events: Results from iStopMM, a prospective population-based screening study.

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the asymptomatic precursor of multiple myeloma and related diseases but has also been associated with thrombosis. Prior studies have not been based on screened cohorts leading to bias. We assessed the risk of thrombosis in a cohort of 75 422 individuals over 40 years old who were screened for MGUS in Iceland.

Environmental concentrations of antibiotics induced polymyxin B tolerance in Aeromonas hydrophila.

Polymyxin B is one of the last lines of defense in infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Aeromonas hydrophila are important fish pathogens and the occurrence of polymyxin B-resistant A. hydrophila isolates is increasing.

The effects of industrial processing and home cooking practices on trans-fatty acid profiles of vegetable oils.

The intake of trans-fatty acids (TFA) is strongly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in blood. This review explores the critical factors influencing TFA formation during industrial vegetable oil processing and home cooking practices, particularly deep-frying. While hydrogenation, a major source of TFA, has been largely eliminated in developed countries, it remains unregulated in many developing countries, posing significant health risks.

Profiling host- and parasite-derived miRNAs associated with Strongylus vulgaris infection in horses.

The equine bloodworm, Strongylus vulgaris, is a common and highly pathogenic parasite in horses due to its migratory life cycle involving the intestinal arteries. Current diagnostic techniques cannot detect the prepatent migrating stages of S. vulgaris, highlighting the need for new biomarkers.

Combining functionalities-nanoarchitectonics for combatting bacterial infection.

New antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapeutics are needed because of antibiotic resistance development and resulting complications such as inflammation, ultimately leading to septic shock. The antimicrobial effects of various nanoparticles (NPs) are currently attracting intensive research interest. Although various NPs display potent antimicrobial effects against strains resistant to conventional antibiotics, the therapeutic use of such materials is restricted by poor selectivity between bacteria and human cells, leading to adverse side effects.

Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of purple flowering stalks (Brassica campestris var. purpurea) under cadmium stress and exogenous glutathione application.

Glutathione (GSH) has a beneficial effect on the response of plants to cadmium (Cd) stress. The physiological and molecular processes by which glutathione influences Cd tolerance in purple flowering stalks (a Brassica vegetable) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of exogenous GSH in alleviating Cd toxicity in purple flowering stalks.

Water-membrane partition and the mutant selection window of antimicrobial peptides: insights from liposome studies.

The mutant selection window (MSW) is a range of antimicrobial concentrations, where some bacteria are killed, while others survive. Within this interval resistance may develop. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising class of antimicrobials that generally act by perturbing the integrity of bacterial membranes.

Unraveling the impact of SARS-CoV-2 mutations on immunity: insights from innate immune recognition to antibody and T cell responses.

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the emergence of new viral variants has challenged public health efforts, often evading antibody responses generated by infections and vaccinations. This immune escape has led to waves of breakthrough infections, raising questions about the efficacy and durability of immune protection. Here we focus on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron spike mutations on ACE-2 receptor binding, protein stability, and immune response evasion.

MolecularWebXR: Multiuser discussions in chemistry and biology through immersive and inclusive augmented and virtual reality.

MolecularWebXR is a new web-based platform for education, science communication and scientific peer discussion in chemistry and biology, based on modern web-based Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR). With no installs as it is all web-served, MolecularWebXR enables multiple users to simultaneously explore, communicate and discuss concepts about chemistry and biology in immersive 3D environments, by manipulating and passing around objects with their bare hands and pointing at different elements with natural hand gestures. Users may either be present in the same physical space or distributed around the world, in the latter case talking naturally with each other thanks to built-in audio.

Muscle Contractility in Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis.

Introduction/aims: Primary hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) can present with periodic paralysis and/or permanent muscle weakness. Permanent weakness is accompanied by fat replacement of the muscle. It is unknown whether the permanent muscle weakness is solely due to fat replacement or if other factors affect the ability of the remaining muscle fibers to contract.

Structure and composition of early biofilms formed on dental implants are complex, diverse, subject-specific and dynamic.

Biofilm-associated peri-implant infections pose a major problem in modern medicine. The understanding of biofilm development is hampered by biofilm complexity and the lack of robust clinical models. This study comprehensively characterized the dynamics of early biofilm formation in the transmucosal passage of implant abutments in 12 patients.

Thromboembolic Events in the Hemodialysis Setting: Understanding Risk Profiles and Cumulative Incidences to Inform Clinical Trial Design.

Background: People with kidney failure have a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity/death, including thromboembolic events. Factor XIa inhibitors are a new class of anticoagulants in development that may offer antithrombotic benefits with a lower risk of incremental bleeding events than traditional therapies. We investigated major adverse vascular events (MAVEs), a relevant composite outcome for testing novel antithrombotic agents, in a large cohort of patients on hemodialysis, to better understand the key requirements to adequately design a phase 3 trial.