Defense against adversarial attacks: robust and efficient compressed optimized neural networks.

In the ongoing battle against adversarial attacks, adopting a suitable strategy to enhance model efficiency, bolster resistance to adversarial threats, and ensure practical deployment is crucial. To achieve this goal, a novel four-component methodology is introduced. First, introducing a pioneering batch-cumulative approach, the exponential particle swarm optimization (ExPSO) algorithm was developed for meticulous parameter fine-tuning within each batch.

Exploring the Anti-Cancer Potential of Hispidin: A Comprehensive in Silico and in Vitro Study on Human Osteosarcoma Saos2 Cells.

Hispidin was initially discovered in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (Bull.) P. Karst and this extraordinary compound possesses immense potency and can be extracted from the wild mushroom through specialized bioreactor cultivation techniques.

Removal of lead in water by coagulation flocculation process using Cactus-based natural coagulant: optimization and modeling by response surface methodology (RSM).

The aim of this research is to study the ability of Cactus leaves to act as a biocoagulants for the removal of lead in water. Different solvents, such as distilled water, NaCl, NaOH, and HCl, were used as chemical activators to extract the active components from the Cactus. The Cactus was utilized as an organic coagulant in five different forms: (i) Cactus juice (CJ); Cactus extract using (ii) distilled water (C-HO); (iii) NaCl at 0.

Whey proteins as multifunctional food materials: Recent advancements in hydrolysis, separation, and peptidomimetic approaches.

Whey protein derived bioactives, including α-lactalbumin, ß-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, lactoferrin, transferrin, and proteose-peptones, have exhibited wide ranges of functional, biological and therapeutic properties varying from anticancer, antihypertensive, and antimicrobial effects. In addition, their functional properties involve gelling, emulsifying, and foaming abilities. For these reasons, this review article is framed to understand the relationship existed in between those compound levels and structures with their main functional, biological, and therapeutic properties exhibited either in vitro or in vivo.

Microbial screening of animal skin bags used in traditional cheesemaking.

Bouhezza is a traditional Algerian cheese produced and ripened in goatskin bags called Djeld. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbial ecosystem from Djeld (fresh and dried Djeld for making Bouhezza cheese) and the changes introduced by Lben microflora during its preparation and to identify its role in cheesemaking and its safety. Two replicates of fresh and dried skin bags (FS and DS) were sampled and analyzed before and after contact with Lben.

Validation of a simple spectrophotometric method for the rapid determination of salicylates in plasma.

Introduction: The determination of salicylate concentrations constitutes a critical aspect of medical diagnostics, particularly in emergency settings. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometry are efficient methods commonly utilized for this purpose. In emergency laboratories with limited resources, the validation of a cost-effective and reliable spectrophotometric method for salicylates in plasma becomes imperative.

Shear wave elastography as a non-invasive tool for staging liver fibrosis in children: A study in Algerian pediatric patients.

Background: Traditionally, liver biopsy has been the gold standard for fibrosis staging. However, it is an invasive, expensive and uncomfortable procedure that is associated with the risk of complications. Thus, non-invasive methods such as shear wave elastography (SWE) have been developed as potential alternatives to liver biopsy.

Physical and Mechanical Effects of Silica Sand in Cement Mortars: Experimental and Statistical Modeling.

The environmental impacts of cement manufacturing are becoming a real-time issue that requires attention. This paper investigates the mechanical and physical properties of mortars with finely ground sand as a substitute for cement. The experimental program consisted of three silica sands with a Blaine Specific Surface (BSS) area of 459 m/kg, 497 m/kg, and 543 m/kg and four substitution ratios of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%.

Computational assessment of the primary and secondary antioxidant potential of alkylresorcinols in physiological media.

Alkylresorcinols are a group of natural phenolic compounds found in various foods such as whole grain cereals, bread, and certain fruits. They are known for their beneficial health effects, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of two typical alkylresorcinols namely olivetol and olivetolic acid (Oli and OliA) under physiological conditions.

Exploring the Antioxidant Properties of Caffeoylquinic and Feruloylquinic Acids: A Computational Study on Hydroperoxyl Radical Scavenging and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition.

Caffeoylquinic (5-CQA) and feruloylquinic (5-FQA) acids, found in coffee and other plant sources, are known to exhibit diverse biological activities, including potential antioxidant effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of these phenolic compounds remain elusive. This paper investigates the capacity and mode of action of 5-CQA and 5-FQA as natural antioxidants acting as hydroperoxyl radical scavengers and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors.

Unmasking Cybercrime with Artificial-Intelligence-Driven Cybersecurity Analytics.

Cybercriminals are becoming increasingly intelligent and aggressive, making them more adept at covering their tracks, and the global epidemic of cybercrime necessitates significant efforts to enhance cybersecurity in a realistic way. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the cybercrime threat landscape. Cybercrime has a significant impact on the gross domestic product (GDP) of every targeted country.

The synthesis and crystal structure of (E)-2-{[(4-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylidene]amino}-4-methylphenol: Hirshfeld surface analysis, DFT calculations and anticorrosion studies.

The title Schiff base compound, (E)-2-{[(4-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylidene]amino}-4-methylphenol, CHNO (I), was synthesized via the reaction of 2-amino-4-methylphenol with 4-methoxynaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde. The structure of I was characterized by NMR, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopies in different solvents. The interatomic contacts in the crystal structure were explored using Hirshfeld surface analysis, which, together with the two-dimensional fingerprint plots, confirm the predominance of dispersion forces in the crystal structure.

Synthesis and crystal structures of two 1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives: DFT and anticorrosion studies, and Hirshfeld surface analysis.

The title benzimidazole compounds, namely, 2-(4-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, CHNO (I) and 2-(4-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)-1-[(4-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-1H-benzo[d]imidazole ethanol monosolvate, CHNO·CHO (II), were synthesized by the condensation reaction of benzene-1,2-diamine with 4-methoxynaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde in the ratios 1:1 and 1:2, respectively. In I, the mean plane of the naphthalene ring system is inclined to that of the benzimidazole ring by 39.22 (8)°, while in II, the corresponding dihedral angle is 64.

A critical review of COVID-19 course and vaccination in dermatology patients on immunomodulatory/biologic therapy: recommendations should not differ between non-pregnant and pregnant individuals.

COVID-19 can have detrimental effects on immunosuppressed patients. Here, we evaluate the evidence regarding continuing immunomodulatory/biologic (IMBI) therapy in pregnant dermatology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, we discuss the risks of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant dermatology patients on IMBI therapy.

Investigation into the potential of using UV-treated sporulated oocysts of as a local solution to immunization of chickens against caecal coccidiosis.

In this study, we aim to evaluate the immune response of chickens to UV-treated sporulated oocysts as a means of protection against caecal coccidiosis caused by field strains of . Two groups of chicks were immunized using prepared UV-treated oocysts of and challenged at day 20 post hatching. The first group was immunized only once at day 1 post hatching, the second group was immunized twice (day 1 and day 8 post hatching).

The Role of Vaccination and Face Mask Wearing on COVID-19 Infection and Hospitalization: A Cross-Sectional Study of the MENA Region.

Since the emergence of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the disease has affected more than 675 million people worldwide, including more than 6.87 million deaths. To mitigate the effects of this pandemic, many countries established control measures to contain its spread.

Examination of the Antioxidant Activity of Psoralidin: Computational Mechanistic Study and Impact on the ROS Level in Human Keratinocytes.

Psoralidin () is a coumestan-type compound found in L. that exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. The current work aimed to study, for the first time, the antioxidant capacities of under physiological circumstances.

Patterns of structure-function association in normal aging and in Alzheimer's disease: Screening for mild cognitive impairment and dementia with ML regression and classification models.

Background: The combined analysis of imaging and functional modalities is supposed to improve diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases with advanced data science techniques.

Objective: To get an insight into normal and accelerated brain aging by developing the machine learning models that predict individual performance in neuropsychological and cognitive tests from brain MRI. With these models we endeavor to look for patterns of brain structure-function association (SFA) indicative of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's dementia.

Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potentials and LC-MS Analysis of Desf. Extracts.

(), belonging to the family Asteraceae, is an Algerian medicinal plant used in folk medicine to treat different diseases related to hyperglycemic and inflammatory disorders, as well as in food. The present study aimed to assess the total phenolic content, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and phytochemical profile of the extracts of . The extraction of phenolic compounds from aerial parts was conducted using solvents of increasing polarity starting from methanol, resulting in crude extract (CE), to chloroform extract (CHE), ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and butanol extract (BUE).

Through the looking glass: Skin signs that help diagnose eating disorders.

Eating disorders (EDs) such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have a plethora of skin manifestations. They can be categorized into skin signs of self-purging, skin signs of starvation, skin signs related to drug abuse, skin signs of psychiatric comorbidity, and miscellaneous signs. "Guiding signs" are valuable because they are pointers to the diagnosis of an ED.

Synthesis and evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives and their application in the anti-browning of fresh-cut potato.

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of melanin, which is responsible for the browning of foods as well as many skin disorders. In order to develop new anti-browning agents with dual antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase capacities, a series of 30 thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives were synthesized. Among the molecules prepared, 6 and 30 were found to be the most potent tyrosinase inhibitors with IC values ​​comparable to that of kojic acid.

Insights on the antiradical capacity and mechanism of phytocannabinoids: H-abstraction and electron transfer processes in physiological media and the influence of the acid-base equilibrium.

Phytocannabinoids are natural products primarily isolated from Cannabis sativa that exhibit the typical C21 terpenophenolic skeleton. This class of compounds has been shown to be effective in the treatment of various oxidation-related diseases, which has made their antioxidant properties the focus of increasing interest. In the present contribution, the primary antioxidant properties of eight representative phytocannabinoids have been systematically studied against a variety of biologically significant radical species using the density functional theory (DFT) method.

The Effect of Preventive Measures and Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on the Infection Risk, Treatment, and Hospitalization: A Cross-Sectional Study of Algeria.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to afflict many countries around the world. The resurgence of COVID-19 cases and deaths in many countries shows a complacency in adhering to preventive guidelines. Consequently, vaccination continues to be a crucial intervention to reduce the effects of this pandemic.

Perigestational exposure of a combination of a high-fat diet and pesticide impacts the metabolic and microbiotic status of dams and pups; a preventive strategy based on prebiotics.

Purpose: Metabolic changes during the perinatal period are known to promote obesity and type-2 diabetes in adulthood via perturbation of the microbiota. The risk factors for metabolic disorders include a high-fat diet (HFD) and exposure to pesticide residues. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of perigestational exposure to a HFD and chlorpyrifos (CPF) on glycemia, lipid profiles, and microbial populations in Wistar dams and their female offspring.

External Confined Concrete Cylinders Behavior under Axial Compression Using CFRP Wrapping.

Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is a composite material used to mend and strengthen concrete structural elements in civil engineering. The prime aim of this experimental study is to investigate the comportment of confined concrete cylinders (CCC) under uniaxial loads by altering the concrete strength, the CFRP angle orientation, and the volumetric ratio, following the externally bonded reinforcement technique (EBR). We present the results of the confinement effect and failure mechanisms issue of more than 150 specimens of CFRP confined concrete cylinders that have been undertaken and in which several parameters were altered.