Extensive cervical lesion and treatment outcomes in women with HIV/HPV co-infection.

Background: Cervical cancer is a common cancer worldwide, with > 85% of deaths occurring in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries where resources for screening programs are limited. Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are at increased risk. HPV test-and-treat is a screening strategy where women with HPV are offered ablative treatment of the cervix to reduce the risk of invasive cancer.

Asian neuropsychologists: Current state, gaps, barriers, and future directions.

As the field of neuropsychology continues expanding efforts to better recruit providers and serve individuals from diverse populations, understanding the training and practice experiences of neuropsychologists from diverse backgrounds is crucial. Given the diversity of Asian populations, the experiences of Asian neuropsychologists offer a unique opportunity to reflect on the progress made in addressing issues related to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). This information will help address challenges related to education, training, and clinical practice, particularly in meeting growing demands for neuropsychological evaluations among Asian populations and addressing unique challenges.

Cannabis and the overdose crisis among US adolescents.

Background And Objectives: Since 2019, the drug overdose death rate among adolescents 14-18 years of age in the United States more than doubled. That cannabis legalization may have contributed to this tragedy is investigated by comparing the death rate in jurisdictions that have legalized medicinal or both medicinal and recreational use with those that have not.

Methods: Unintentional drug overdose death data for each state and District of Columbia (jurisdictions) were obtained from CDC WONDER and separately evaluated according to the jurisdiction legalization implementation of cannabis: recreational legalization, medicinal legalization but not recreational legalization, and nonlegalization.

Modification of asthma treatment efficacy by healthcare access: A reanalysis of AsthmaNet Step-Up Yellow Zone Inhaled Corticosteroids to Prevent Exacerbations (STICS) clinical trial.

Background: While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in asthma management are designed to balance known and unknown variables across treatment groups, including social and environmental co-exposures, it remains important to consider how these co-exposures influence disease progression and treatment outcomes. The importance of considering socio-environmental co-exposures in the context of asthma is twofold: 1) asthma disproportionately affects low-income urban communities, where air pollution and chronic stress are pervasive; and 2) despite the wide range of asthma treatments, inadequate disease control persists.

Methods: In the present ancillary study of the Step-Up Yellow Zone Inhaled Corticosteroids to Prevent Exacerbations (STICS) RCT, we investigated how socio-environmental factors, such as air pollution exposure and healthcare access, modify the effect of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy in children with asthma.

Challenging chest pain: salmonella myopericarditis.

infections have been associated with cardiovascular complications, including myocarditis and myopericarditis. This presentation of myopericarditis highlights key clinical features to aid in diagnosis and the importance of prompt treatment with antibiotics, colchicine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

The Persistent Paradox of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REMS): Brain Waves and Dreaming.

The original conceptualization of REM sleep as paradoxical sleep was based on its EEG resembling wakefulness and its association with dreaming. Over time, the concept of paradox was expanded to include various associations with REM sleep, such as dream exclusivity, high recall, and pathophysiology. However, none of these associations are unique to REM sleep; they can also occur in other sleep states.

Medicare-Covered Services Near the End of Life in Medicare Advantage vs Traditional Medicare.

Importance: Financial incentives in Medicare Advantage (MA), the managed care alternative to traditional Medicare (TM), were designed to reduce overutilization. For patients near the end of life (EOL), MA incentives may reduce potentially burdensome care and encourage hospice but could also restrict access to costly but necessary services.

Objective: To compare receipt of potentially burdensome treatments and transfers and potentially necessary postacute services in the last 6 months of life in individuals with MA vs TM.

scMultiome analysis identifies a single caudal hindbrain compartment in the developing zebrafish nervous system.

Background: A key step in nervous system development involves the coordinated control of neural progenitor specification and positioning. A long-standing model for the vertebrate CNS postulates that transient anatomical compartments - known as neuromeres - function to position neural progenitors along the embryonic anteroposterior neuraxis. Such neuromeres are apparent in the embryonic hindbrain - that contains six rhombomeres with morphologically apparent boundaries - but other neuromeres lack clear morphological boundaries and have instead been defined by different criteria, such as differences in gene expression patterns and the outcomes of transplantation experiments.

An Exploratory Study of Physician Decision-Making When Treating Uncontrolled COPD.

Purpose: Current guidelines recommend triple therapy maintenance inhalers for patients with recurrent exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, these maintenance therapies are underutilized. This study aimed to understand how physicians make COPD treatment decisions, and how combination maintenance therapies are utilized in a real-world setting.

Patients And Methods: This exploratory, hypothesis-generating, non-interventional study used a cross-sectional online survey that was administered to a sample of practicing physicians in the United States.

Nonfatal Emergency Department Visits Associated with Fall-Related Fractured Skulls of Infants Aged 0-4 Months.

Background: Children aged 0-4 years have the highest rate of emergency department (ED) visits for traumatic brain injury (TBI); falls are the leading cause. Infants younger than 2 years are more likely to sustain a fractured skull after a fall.

Objective: This study examined caregiver actions and products associated with ED visits for fall-related fractured skulls in infants aged 0-4 months.

The Transplant Experience for Undocumented Immigrant Patients Formerly Receiving Emergency Dialysis and Caregivers.

Importance: Individuals of undocumented immigration status with kidney failure face barriers to receiving transplants due to lack of health insurance despite no regulatory barriers. Little is known about the perspectives on kidney transplant among individuals with undocumented immigration status with kidney failure who relied on emergency hemodialysis.

Objective: To examine the overall experiences of transplant among transplant recipients of undocumented immigration status who previously relied on emergency hemodialysis and their family caregivers.

scMultiome analysis identifies embryonic hindbrain progenitors with mixed rhombomere identities.

Rhombomeres serve to position neural progenitors in the embryonic hindbrain, thereby ensuring appropriate neural circuit formation, but the molecular identities of individual rhombomeres and the mechanism whereby they form has not been fully established. Here, we apply scMultiome analysis in zebrafish to molecularly resolve all rhombomeres for the first time. We find that rhombomeres become molecularly distinct between 10hpf (end of gastrulation) and 13hpf (early segmentation).

The proton channel OTOP1 is a sensor for the taste of ammonium chloride.

Ammonium (NH), a breakdown product of amino acids that can be toxic at high levels, is detected by taste systems of organisms ranging from C. elegans to humans and has been used for decades in vertebrate taste research. Here we report that OTOP1, a proton-selective ion channel expressed in sour (Type III) taste receptor cells (TRCs), functions as sensor for ammonium chloride (NHCl).

Quality of life after surgery for lower grade gliomas.

Background: Few large studies have investigated quality of life (QOL) for adults diagnosed with lower grade glioma (LGG).

Methods: QOL was assessed for 320 adults with LGG (World Health Organization grade 2/3) enrolled in the International Low Grade Glioma Registry by using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form health survey. Data on symptoms were also collected.

Return to Sports Following Sports-Related Concussion in Collision Sports: An Expert Consensus Statement Using the Modified Delphi Technique.

Purpose: To perform a Delphi consensus for return to sports (RTS) following sports-related concussion (SRC).

Methods: Open-ended questions in rounds 1 and 2 were answered. The results of the first 2 rounds were used to develop a Likert-style questionnaire for round 3.

On-Field and Pitch-Side (Sideline) Assessment of Sports Concussion in Collision Sports: An Expert Consensus Statement Using the Modified Delphi Technique.

Purpose: To perform a Delphi consensus for on-field and pitch-side assessment of sports-related concussion (SRC).

Methods: Open-ended questions in rounds 1 and 2 were answered. The results of the first 2 rounds were used to develop a Likert-style questionnaire for round 3.

Distress Tolerance in the Comorbid Chronic Pain and Opioid Use Disorder Population.

Objectives: The risk of opioid addiction among people with chronic pain is elevated in those using opioids to self-medicate physical or emotional pain or distress. The purpose of this study is to test the main effect of distress tolerance (DT) on opioid use disorder (OUD) status in people with chronic pain, and the potential moderating effect of DT in the relationship between known addiction risk factors and the development of OUD.

Methods: One hundred twenty people with chronic pain were recruited to 1 of 3 groups according to their opioid use status (ie, current methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone for OUD [n = 60], history of OUD but current prolonged opioid abstinence [n = 30, mean abstinence = 121 weeks, SD = 23.

Computed tomographic parenchymal lung findings in premature infants with pulmonary vein stenosis.

Background: Developmental pulmonary vein pulmonary vein stenosis in the setting of prematurity is a rare and poorly understood condition. Diagnosis can be challenging in the setting of chronic lung disease of prematurity. High-resolution non-contrast chest computed tomography (CT) is the conventional method of evaluating neonates for potential structural changes contributing to severe lung dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension but may miss pulmonary venous stenosis due to the absence of contrast and potential overlap in findings between developmental pulmonary vein pulmonary vein stenosis and lung disease of prematurity.

scMultiome analysis identifies embryonic hindbrain progenitors with mixed rhombomere identities.

Rhombomeres serve to position neural progenitors in the embryonic hindbrain, thereby ensuring appropriate neural circuit formation, but the molecular identities of individual rhombomeres and the mechanism whereby they form have not been fully established. Here we apply scMultiome analysis in zebrafish to molecularly resolve all rhombomeres for the first time. We find that rhombomeres become molecularly distinct between 10hpf (end of gastrulation) and 13hpf (early segmentation).