microRNAs in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: insights into prenatal and perinatal biomarkers and altered molecular pathways.

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is characterized by a diaphragmatic defect, leading to herniation of abdominal organs into the chest, lung compression, and impaired lung development, often resulting in pulmonary hypertension and lung hypoplasia. Prenatal imaging techniques like ultrasound and MRI provide anatomical predictors of outcomes, but their limitations necessitate novel biomarkers for better prognostic accuracy.

Objective: This study aims to identify unique circulating maternal, fetal, and neonatal microRNAs (miRNAs) that can distinguish CDH pregnancies from healthy controls and assess their potential as markers of disease severity.

Surgical Predictors of Clinical Outcome 6 Years After Revision ACL Reconstruction.

Background: Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been documented to have inferior outcomes compared with primary ACL reconstruction. The reasons why remain unknown.

Purpose: To determine whether surgical factors performed at the time of revision ACL reconstruction can influence a patient's outcome at 6-year follow-up.

Older Adults and Gentrification: The Positive Role of Social Policy.

Supportive public policies are suggested as ways to lessen gentrification's impact for older adults. While explicit policies designed to help older adults with gentrification are rare, literature on age-friendly cities is a close proxy. We utilized three North American cases undergoing gentrification: New York City, NY, and Denver, CO, in the United States and Hamilton, in Ontario, Canada, to present existing neighbourhood-based policies as social determinants of health in housing, resource access, healthcare, transportation, and communal places.

A bovine model of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension reveals a gradient of immune and matrisome response with a complement signature found in circulation.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive vascular disease characterized by vascular remodeling, stiffening, and luminal obstruction, driven by dysregulated cell proliferation, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations. Despite the recognized contribution of ECM dysregulation to PH pathogenesis, the precise molecular alterations in the matrisome remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed a matrisome-focused proteomics approach to map the protein composition in a young bovine calf model of acute hypoxia-induced PH.

Manipulating the EphB4-ephrinB2 axis to reduce metastasis in HNSCC.

The EphB4-ephrinB2 signaling axis has been heavily implicated in metastasis across numerous cancer types. Our emerging understanding of the dichotomous roles that EphB4 and ephrinB2 play in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) poses a significant challenge to rational drug design. We find that EphB4 knockdown in cancer cells enhances metastasis in preclinical HNSCC models by augmenting immunosuppressive cells like T regulatory cells (Tregs) within the tumor microenvironment.

Aerosol mitigation in upper airway surgery.

Background: Aerosol generating procedures pose a risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and comprise a large percentage of cases performed in otolaryngology. An optimal method to mitigate this hazard does not currently exist. This study examined methods to mitigate surgical aerosols from the operating room.

A Qualitative Study of Patient and Interprofessional Healthcare Team Member Experiences of Bedside Interdisciplinary Rounds at a VA: Language, Teamwork, and Trust.

Background: Patient and interprofessional healthcare team member experiences of bedside interdisciplinary rounds (BIDR) are generally positive. Overall, there is large heterogeneity in existing BIDR frameworks, and best practices have not been defined.

Objective: Understand patients' and interprofessional healthcare team members' experiences of BIDR.

Cardiogenic Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a known cause of morbidity and mortality in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD), but reports about the burden of cardiogenic NEC frequently conflict. To synthesize the extant literature on the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of NEC in patients with CHD. Medline, Cochrane, and EMBASE were searched from 1946 through 2023 for studies of NEC in infants 0-12 months of age with CHD.

Duration of anticoagulation for venous thromboembolism in pediatric patients: Evaluation of the Duration of Therapy for Thrombosis in Children (Kids-DOTT) trial outcomes at 2 years.

Background: The Multicenter Evaluation of the Duration of Therapy for Thrombosis in Children multinational, randomized clinical trial revealed noninferiority of a 6-week vs 3-month duration of anticoagulation for the treatment of provoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients <21 years old in regard to net clinical benefit at 1 year.

Objectives: To evaluate noninferiority at 2 years.

Methods: Patients whose repeat imaging 6 weeks after VTE diagnosis did not show complete veno-occlusion were randomized to discontinue anticoagulation vs receive a total 3-month course and followed for 2 years for the occurrence of symptomatic recurrent VTE (efficacy outcome) and clinically relevant bleeding (safety outcome).

Joint reaction and simulated muscle forces during squatting and walking in persons with hemophilia.

Background: Persons with hemophilia experience joint bleeding that can lead to debilitating arthropathy, most commonly seen in ankles, knees, and elbows. Arthropathy can hinder participation in daily and athletic activities. We explored how hemophilic arthropathy impacts movement patterns in walking and bilateral squatting tasks in persons with hemophilia compared to healthy controls.

Early visual modulation and selection predict saccadic timing during visual search: An ERP study.

Saccadic eye movements, a critical aspect of real-world visual behavior, are preceded by an initial accumulation of visual information followed by the selection of a single location to move one's eyes. However, it is currently unclear how each of these stages uniquely affects saccadic timing. In this study, participants searched for a contour integration target while EEG was used to measure posterior cortical activity between search display onset and first saccade initiation.

Network Analysis of Dysregulated Immune Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients.

Introduction: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) results in immune dysfunction that is characterized by both systemic inflammation and immune incompetence, leading to impaired responses to vaccination.

Methods: To unravel the complex regulatory immune interplay in ESRD, we performed the network-based transcriptomic profiling of ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and matched healthy controls (HCs) who received the two-dose regimen of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2.

Results: Co-expression networks based on blood transcription modules (BTMs) of genes differentially expressed between the HD and HC groups revealed co-expression patterns that were highly similar between the two groups but weaker in magnitude in the HD compared to HC subjects.

Variability in spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) adult diapause and evidence for oocyte development prior to winter in a Colorado population.

Diapause regulates seasonal insect life cycles and may be highly variable within and among populations due to genetic and environmental variability. Both types of variation may influence how populations respond plastically or evolutionarily to changing climates. We assessed diapause variability in spruce beetle Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), a major forest pest whose life cycle timing is regulated by both prepupal and adult diapauses.

Requirement for Fucosyltransferase 2 in Allergic Airway Hyperreactivity and Mucus Obstruction.

Mucus hypersecretion is an important pathological problem in respiratory diseases. Mucus accumulates in the airways of people with asthma, and it contributes to airflow limitation by forming plugs that occlude airways. Current treatments have minimal effects on mucus or its chief components, the polymeric mucin glycoproteins MUC5AC and MUC5B.

Hoping to Adhere? Examining the Relationship Between Hope and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Willingness, Adherence, and Persistence Among Young Women in South Africa and Zimbabwe (HPTN 082).

Hope is a powerful psychological construct which is linked to positive health. Greater hope is associated with improved antiretroviral therapy adherence; however, less is known about the impact of hope on oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) outcomes. HIV Prevention Trials Network 082, was an open-label PrEP study among young women (ages 16-25) in South Africa and Zimbabwe.

Variability in youth coach concussion education requirements across states.

Background: Youth sports coaches play a critical role in proper concussion recognition and management, reinforcing the need for coach concussion education. As of 2021, most states have statutory and policy measures mandating concussion education for coaches. In practice, these mandates have been enacted through state legislatures and their respective youth sport governing bodies.

Mathematical modeling identifies clotting factor combinations that modify thrombin generation in normal and factor VIII-, IX-, or XI-deficient blood.

Background: In healthy individuals, plasma levels of clotting proteins naturally vary within a range of 50% to 150% of their mean values. We do not know how these variations modify thrombin generation.

Objectives: To assess the impact of protein level variations on simulated thrombin generation in normal and factor (F)VIII-, FIX-, or FXI-deficient blood.