Six-Month Outcomes in the Long-Term Outcomes After the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Study.

Importance: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening complication of COVID-19 infection. Data on midterm outcomes are limited.

Objective: To characterize the frequency and time course of cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <55%), coronary artery aneurysms (z score ≥2.

Technology in the Trenches: The Impact of evolving technologies on Combat Mental Health.

Purpose Of Review: Medicine and specifically mental health have been affected by emerging technologies advancing mental health treatment while at the same time bringing new challenges and stressors to the battlefield, military systems, and the warfighter.

Recent Findings: This article reviews the evolving positive and negative impacts of technology on combat mental health and treatment. A history of technology and military mental health concerns and services is followed by an overview of present benefits and risks.

Are women really (not) more talkative than men? A registered report of binary gender similarities/differences in daily word use.

Women are widely assumed to be more talkative than men. Challenging this assumption, Mehl et al. (2007) provided empirical evidence that men and women do not differ significantly in their daily word use, speaking about 16,000 words per day (WPD) each.

Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Signaling Activity in the Human Placenta Across Gestation and in Maternal Obesity.

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) system is vital to placental development, formation, and function. Alterations in this system in the placenta have been associated with altered fetal growth. However, changes in placental mTOR signaling across gestation are poorly understood.

Scutellarein Inhibits Osteosarcoma Growth by Targeting the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB Pathway.

Purpose: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant tumor associated with poor patient outcomes and a limited availability of therapeutic agents. Scutellarein (SCU) is a monomeric flavone bioactive compound with potent anti-cancer activity. However, the effects and mechanisms of SCU on the growth of OS remain unknown.

Uncertainty estimation in diagnosis generation from large language models: next-word probability is not pre-test probability.

Objective: To evaluate large language models (LLMs) for pre-test diagnostic probability estimation and compare their uncertainty estimation performance with a traditional machine learning classifier.

Materials And Methods: We assessed 2 instruction-tuned LLMs, Mistral-7B-Instruct and Llama3-70B-chat-hf, on predicting binary outcomes for Sepsis, Arrhythmia, and Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) using electronic health record (EHR) data from 660 patients. Three uncertainty estimation methods-Verbalized Confidence, Token Logits, and LLM Embedding+XGB-were compared against an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) classifier trained on raw EHR data.

Associations of maternal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance plasma concentrations during pregnancy with offspring polycystic ovary syndrome and related characteristics in Project Viva.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may impact ovarian folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis, but whether prenatal exposure may impact offspring reproductive health is unknown. This study examines the extent to which maternal PFAS plasma concentrations during pregnancy are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and related characteristics in female offspring.

Methods: We studied 322 mother-daughter pairs in Project Viva, a Boston-area longitudinal pre-birth cohort enrolled 1999-2002.

Diurnal fluctuations of subthalamic nucleus local field potentials follow naturalistic sleep-wake behavior in Parkinson's disease.

Study Objectives: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may improve sleep dysfunction, a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease (PD). Improvement in motor symptoms correlates with DBS-suppressed local field potential (LFP) activity, particularly in the beta frequency (13 - 30 Hz). Although well-characterized in the short term, little is known about the innate progression of these oscillations across the sleep-wake cycle.

NKX2.2 and KLF4 cooperate to regulate α-cell identity.

Transcription factors (TFs) are indispensable for maintaining cell identity through regulating cell-specific gene expression. Distinct cell identities derived from a common progenitor are frequently perpetuated by shared TFs, yet the mechanisms that enable these TFs to regulate cell-specific targets are poorly characterized. We report that the TF NKX2.

E3 ligase substrate adaptor SPOP fine-tunes the UPR of pancreatic β cells.

The Cullin-3 E3 ligase adaptor protein SPOP targets proteins for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. We previously established the β-cell transcription factor (TF) and human diabetes gene PDX1 as an SPOP substrate, suggesting a functional role for SPOP in the β cell. Here, we generated a β-cell-specific deletion mouse strain ( ) and found that is necessary to prevent aberrant basal insulin secretion and for maintaining glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through impacts on glycolysis and glucose-stimulated calcium flux.

Impacts of Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Programs in Hispanic Church Settings: A Cluster-Randomized Trial Comparing Faith-Based and Faith-Placed Approaches.

This study aimed to adapt evidence-based diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) into a faith-based (FB) context for Hispanic communities and compare its effectiveness to a faith-placed (FP) approach using the church as a venue for DSMES delivery. A cluster-randomized trial was conducted among adults with type 2 diabetes from predominantly Hispanic churches. The churches were assigned to either the FB Group (nine churches, n = 146) or the FP Group (seven churches, n = 125).

Beyond the Synapse: and FMRP Molecular Mechanisms in the Nucleus.

(Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1), located on the X-chromosome, encodes the multi-functional FMR1 protein (FMRP), critical to brain development and function. Trinucleotide CGG repeat expansions at this locus cause a range of neurological disorders, collectively referred to as Fragile X-related conditions. The most well-known of these is Fragile X syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with syndromic facial features, autism, intellectual disabilities, and seizures.

A Novel Telehealth Exercise Program Designed for Rural Survivors of Cancer With Cancer-Related Fatigue: Single-Arm Feasibility Trial.

Background: Exercise interventions are among the best-known interventions for cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Rural survivors of cancer, however, report specific barriers to engaging in exercise programs and lack overall access to effective programs.

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the feasibility of a novel telehealth exercise program designed specifically for rural survivors of cancer with CRF.

Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network (ThORN) Consensus Document on Defining a High Quality Wedge Resection for Early Stage Lung Cancer.

With the publication of CALGB 140503, an increase in wedge resections for small, peripheral non-small cell lung cancer is expected; however, a relative paucity of data exists as to what defines a high quality oncologic wedge resection. The Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network (ThORN), through expert discussion, guided by review of what limited data does exist, and through use of a modified Delphi process, provides these consensus statements defining an oncologically sound, high quality wedge resection. The statements are classified into five categories: 1) Preoperative Considerations 2) Technical Aspects 3) Lymph Node Assessment 4) Margin Assessment and 5) Tissue Handling by Pathology.

Long-Term Impact of an Online Physician Group-Coaching Program to Improve Burnout and Self-Compassion in Trainees.

Goal: To evaluate long-term outcomes of Better Together Physician Coaching, a digital life-coaching program to improve resident well-being.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of survey data from the pilot program implementation between January 2021 and June 2022. An intention-to-treat analysis was completed for baseline versus post-6 months and baseline versus post-12 months for all outcome measures.

How Are You Doing… Really? A Review of Whole Person Health Assessments.

Unlabelled: Policy Points A redirection of measurement in health care from a narrow focus on diseases and care processes towards assessing whole person health, as perceived by the person themself, may provide a galvanizing view of how health care can best meet the needs of people and help patients feel heard, seen, and understood by their care team. This review identifies key tensions to navigate as well as four overarching categories of whole person health for consideration in developing an instrument optimized for clinical practice. The categories (body and mind, relationships, living environment and finances, and engagement in daily life) include nine constituent domains.

Examining the Relation Between Prenatal Emotion Dysregulation and Toddler Vocabulary Development: A Biobehavioral Approach.

Early language is shaped by parent-child interactions and has been examined in relation to maternal psychopathology and parenting stress. Minimal work has examined the relation between maternal emotion dysregulation and toddler vocabulary development. This longitudinal study examined associations between maternal emotion dysregulation prenatally, maternal everyday stress at 7 months postpartum, and toddler vocabulary at 18 months.

Third trimester fetal 4D flow MRI with motion correction.

Purpose: To correct maternal breathing and fetal bulk motion during fetal 4D flow MRI.

Methods: A Doppler-ultrasound fetal cardiac-gated free-running 4D flow acquisition was corrected post hoc for maternal respiratory and fetal bulk motion in separate automated steps, with optional manual intervention to assess and limit fetal motion artifacts. Compressed-sensing reconstruction with a data outlier rejection algorithm was adapted from previous work.

Cancer-related health behaviors during the COVID 19 pandemic in geographically diverse samples across the US.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic involved business closures (e.g., gyms), social distancing policies, and prolonged stressful situations that may have impacted engagement in health behaviors.

Peer reviewers' conflicts of interest in biomedical research: scoping review.

Background: Peer review may improve the quality of research manuscripts and aid in editorial decisions, but reviewers can have conflicts of interest that impact on their recommendations.

Objectives: The objective was to systematically map and describe the extent and nature of empirical research on peer reviewers' conflicts of interest in biomedical research.

Design: Scoping review METHODS: In this scoping review, we included studies investigating peer reviewers' conflicts of interest in journal manuscripts, theses and dissertations, conference abstracts, funding applications and clinical guidelines.

Children's executive functioning and health behaviors across pediatric life stages and ecological contexts.

Executive functioning (EF) has been linked to chronic disease risk in children. Health behaviors are thought to partially explain this association. The current cross-sectional study evaluated specific domains of EF and varied health behaviors in three pediatric life stages.