The Differential Effects of Alzheimer's Disease and Lewy Body Pathology on Cognitive Performance: a Meta-analysis.

Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) from normal aging and other dementia etiologies is imperative for disease specific treatment options and long-term care planning. Neuropathological confirmation is the gold standard for neurodegenerative disease diagnosis, yet most published studies examining the use of neuropsychological tests in the differential diagnosis of dementia rely upon clinical diagnostic outcomes. The present study undertook a meta-analytic review of the literature to identify cognitive tests and domains that allow for the differentiation of individuals with AD pathology from individuals with dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) pathology and pathology-free individuals.

Spin Wave Power Flow and Caustics in Ultrathin Ferromagnets with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction.

The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in ultrathin ferromagnets can result in nonreciprocal propagation of spin waves. We examine theoretically how spin wave power flow is influenced by this interaction. We show that the combination of the dipole-dipole and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions can result in unidirectional caustic beams in the Damon-Eshbach geometry.

PTSD symptoms and perception of cognitive problems: The roles of posttraumatic cognitions and trauma coping self-efficacy.

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with mild neurocognitive deficits, yet clients often complain of cognitive problems that exceed what their objective performance demonstrates. In addition, PTSD is associated with negative appraisals about the self, traumatic event, and one's ability to cope. This study examined posttraumatic cognitions as a moderator, and trauma coping self-efficacy as a mediator, of the relationship between PTSD symptoms and self-report of cognitive problems.

Magnetic Nanodrug Delivery Through the Mucus Layer of Air-Liquid Interface Cultured Primary Normal Human Tracheobronchial Epithelial Cells.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide (FeO) and highly anisotropic barium hexaferrite (BaFeO) nanoparticles were coated with an anti-inflammatory drug and magnetically transported through mucus produced by primary human airway epithelial cells. Using wet planetary ball milling, dl-2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid-coated BaFeO nano-particles (BaNPs) of 1-100 nm in diameter were prepared in water. BaNPs and conventional 20-30-nm FeO nanoparticles (FeNPs) were then encased in a polymer (PLGA) loaded with dexamethasone (Dex) and tagged for imaging.

Office-Based Assessment of At-Risk Driving in Older Adults With and Without Cognitive Impairment.

Background: A multitest approach is optimal for the identification of at-risk driving among older adults. This study examined the predictive validity of a combination of office-based screening tests for on-road driving performance in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia.

Methods: Forty-four normal control, 20 participants with MCI, and 20 participants with dementia completed a battery of office-based assessments.

Maternal PTSD and Children's Adjustment: Parenting Stress and Emotional Availability as Proposed Mediators.

Objectives: Maternal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a risk factor for negative child adjustment, but it is unclear whether this association is direct (e.g., a mother's PTSD symptoms are observed, learned, and internalized by children which results in behavioral and emotional problems) or indirect, through parent-child relationship difficulties or parenting stress.

Enabling, Not Cultivating: Received Social Support and Self-Efficacy Explain Quality of Life After Lung Cancer Surgery.

Background: Although the effects of self-efficacy and social support on health outcomes are well established, it is crucial to find out if these predictors are chained in a specific way, with either self-efficacy prompting support receipt or with support receipt prompting self-efficacy.

Purpose: In the context of adaptation after lung cancer surgery, this study investigated (1) the cultivation hypothesis, assuming that the relationship between self-efficacy and quality-of-life indices would be mediated by social support received from medical personnel, family, and friends, and (2) the enabling hypothesis, assuming that the association between received social support and quality-of-life indices would be mediated by self-efficacy.

Method: Patients with the first onset of non-small-cell lung cancer (N = 102) filled in questionnaires at 3-4 days after segmentectomy or lobectomy (time 1), at 1-month follow-up (time 2), and at 4-month follow-up (time 3).

Self-Efficacy, Planning, or a Combination of Both? A Longitudinal Experimental Study Comparing Effects of Three Interventions on Adolescents' Body Fat.

Background: The superiority of an intervention combining two sets of theory-based behavior change techniques targeting planning and self-efficacy over an intervention targeting planning only or self-efficacy only has rarely been investigated.

Purpose: We compared the influence of self-efficacy, planning, and self-efficacy+planning interventions with an education-based control condition on adolescents' body fat, assuming mediating effects of respective social cognitive variables and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The moderating role of the built environment was examined.

Uncovering the liver's role in immunity through RNA co-expression networks.

Gene co-expression analysis has proven to be a powerful tool for ascertaining the organization of gene products into networks that are important for organ function. An organ, such as the liver, engages in a multitude of functions important for the survival of humans, rats, and other animals; these liver functions include energy metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics, immune system function, and hormonal homeostasis. With the availability of organ-specific transcriptomes, we can now examine the role of RNA transcripts (both protein-coding and non-coding) in these functions.

Individual and culture-level components of survey response styles: A multi-level analysis using cultural models of selfhood.

Variations in acquiescence and extremity pose substantial threats to the validity of cross-cultural research that relies on survey methods. Individual and cultural correlates of response styles when using 2 contrasting types of response mode were investigated, drawing on data from 55 cultural groups across 33 nations. Using 7 dimensions of self-other relatedness that have often been confounded within the broader distinction between independence and interdependence, our analysis yields more specific understandings of both individual- and culture-level variations in response style.

Alcohol attitudes, motives, norms, and personality traits longitudinally classify nondrinkers, moderate drinkers, and binge drinkers using discriminant function analysis.

Introduction: Binge drinking is commonly defined in the literature as consuming at least 5 drinks for males and 4 drinks for females. These quantities correspond to approximately a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08%, the level of intoxication making it illegal to drive in the United States.

Red meat, poultry, and fish intake and breast cancer risk among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic white women: The Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study.

Purpose: There is suggestive but limited evidence for a relationship between meat intake and breast cancer (BC) risk. Few studies included Hispanic women. We investigated the association between meats and fish intake and BC risk among Hispanic and NHW women.

Implementation intention and planning interventions in Health Psychology: Recommendations from the Synergy Expert Group for research and practice.

The current article details a position statement and recommendations for future research and practice on planning and implementation intentions in health contexts endorsed by the Synergy Expert Group. The group comprised world-leading researchers in health and social psychology and behavioural medicine who convened to discuss priority issues in planning interventions in health contexts and develop a set of recommendations for future research and practice. The expert group adopted a nominal groups approach and voting system to elicit and structure priority issues in planning interventions and implementation intentions research.

Analysis of Confined Random Walkers with Applications to Processes Occurring in Molecular Aggregates and Immunological Systems.

Explicit solutions are presented in the Laplace and time domains for a one-variable Fokker-Planck equation governing the probability density of a random walker moving in a confining potential. Illustrative applications are discussed in two unrelated physical contexts: quantum yields in a doped molecular crystal or photosynthetic system, and the motion of signal receptor clusters on the surface of a cell encountered in a problem in immunology. An interesting counterintuitive effect concerning the consequences of confinement is found in the former, and some insights into the driving force for microcluster centralization are gathered in the latter application.

Am I Overweight? A Longitudinal Study on Parental and Peers Weight-Related Perceptions on Dietary Behaviors and Weight Status Among Adolescents.

Objective: An investigation of the interplay between various types of adolescents' perceptions of weight status in predicting adolescents' nutrition behavior and their body mass was conducted. In particular, it was hypothesized that the relationship between parental and peers' perceptions of their own weight status (reported by adolescents) and objectively measured weight status of adolescents would be mediated by three types of adolescents' weight status perceptions (adolescents' own weight perceptions, parental perceptions of adolescents' weight status perceived by participants, and peers' perceptions of adolescents' weight status perceived by participants) and by adolescents' nutrition behaviors.

Design: Data were collected twice, with a 13-month follow-up.

A Cognitive-Affective Scale for Hurricane Risk Perception.

The aim of this study was to develop a reliable and valid measure of hurricane risk perception. The utility of such a measure lies in the need to understand how people make decisions when facing an evacuation order. This study included participants located within a 15-mile buffer of the Gulf and southeast Atlantic U.

N-terminal amphipathic helix of Amphiphysin can change the spatial distribution of immunoglobulin E receptors (FcεRI) in the RBL-2H3 mast cell synapse.

Biomembranes undergo extensive shape changes as they perform vital cellular functions or become diseased. To understand the mechanisms by which lipids and proteins control membrane curvature during various processes, researchers have identified and engineered many curvature-inducing and curvature-sensing proteins and peptides. In this paper, a simple experiment was performed to show qualitatively how membrane remodeling by N-terminal amphipathic helix of Amphiphysin affects the spatial distribution of the transmembrane Fc receptor protein (FcεRI) in mast cells.

Cigarette Smoking and Breast Cancer Risk in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Women: The Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study.

Objective: Few epidemiological studies have included Hispanics with the evaluation of the effects of cigarette smoking and breast cancer. We examined the relationship between cigarette smoking, ethnicity, and breast cancer risk using data from the Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study (BCHDS).

Materials And Methods: The BCHDS is a consortium of three population-based case-control studies, including U.

The Barriers to Mental Health Services Scale Revised: Psychometric Analysis Among Older Adults.

Objectives: Older adults underutilize mental health services suggesting that significant barriers are operating. This study presents reliability and validity data for a revised version of the self-report Barriers to Mental Health Services Scale (BMHSS) designed to quantify 10 barriers to mental health service use, so that barriers can be examined collectively.

Methods: The Barriers to Mental Health Services Scale Revised (BMHSS-R) was revised to improve its reliability and validity, including adding items, eliminating poor items, and balancing the number of items across subscales.

Anxiety Sensitivity, Experiential Avoidance, and Mindfulness Among Younger and Older Adults: Age Differences in Risk Factors for Anxiety Symptoms.

In this cross-sectional study, we examined age-related differences in anxiety sensitivity (AS), experiential avoidance (EA), and mindfulness among younger adult students (N=426; M age=20.1 years) and community-dwelling older adults (N=85; M age=71.8 years).

Why does Existential Threat Promote Intergroup Violence? Examining the Role of Retributive Justice and Cost-Benefit Utility Motivations.

The current research examined the role of retributive justice and cost-benefit utility motivations in the process through which mortality salience increases support for violent responses to intergroup conflict. Specifically, previous research has shown that mortality salience often encourages political violence, especially when perceptions of retributive justice are activated. The current research examined whether mortality salience directly activates a justice mindset over a cost-benefit utility mindset, and whether this justice mindset is associated with support for political violence.

Abiotic mediation of a mutualism drives herbivore abundance.

Species abundance is typically determined by the abiotic environment, but the extent to which such effects occur through the mediation of biotic interactions, including mutualisms, is unknown. We explored how light environment (open meadow vs. shaded understory) mediates the abundance and ant tending of the aphid Aphis helianthi feeding on the herb Ligusticum porteri.