DNA methylation near MAD1L1, KDM2B, and SOCS3 mediates the effect of socioeconomic status on elevated body mass index in African American adults.

Obesity and poverty disproportionally affect African American persons. Epigenetic mechanisms could partially explain the association between socioeconomic disadvantage and body mass index (BMI). We examined the extent to which epigenetic mechanisms mediate the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on BMI.

Airborne Lead Exposure and Childhood Cognition: The Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort (2003-2022).

To examine whether a previously reported association between airborne lead exposure and children's cognitive function replicates across a geographically diverse sample of the United States. Residential addresses of children (< 5 years) were spatially joined to the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators model of relative airborne lead toxicity. Cognitive outcomes for children younger than 8 years were available for 1629 children with IQ data and 1476 with measures of executive function (EF; inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility).

Can statin preventative treatment inform geroscience-guided therapeutics?

Potential senotherapeutic effect of statins may lead to prevention and reduction of frailty.

Contribution of integrase inhibitor use, body mass index, physical activity and caloric intake to weight gain in people living with HIV.

Integrase inhibitor (INSTI) use has been associated with greater weight gain (WG) among people living with HIV (PLWH), but it is unclear how this effect compares in magnitude to traditional risk factors for WG. We assessed the population attributable fractions (PAFs) of modifiable lifestyle factors and INSTI regimens in PLWH who experienced a ≥5% WG over follow-up. In an observational cohort study from 2007 to 2019 at Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic, Italy, ART-experienced but INSTI-naive PLWH were grouped as INSTI-switchers vs non-INSTI.

Gait as a quantitative translational outcome measure in Angelman syndrome.

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental delay, lack of speech, seizures, intellectual disability, hypotonia, and motor coordination deficits. Motor abilities are an important outcome measure in AS as they comprise a broad repertoire of metrics including ataxia, hypotonia, delayed ambulation, crouched gait, and poor posture, and motor dysfunction affects nearly every individual with AS. Guided by collaborative work with AS clinicians studying gait, the goal of this study was to perform an in-depth gait analysis using the automated treadmill assay, DigiGait.

MIRO2 Regulates Prostate Cancer Cell Growth via GCN1-Dependent Stress Signaling.

Unlabelled: There is a continued need to identify novel therapeutic targets to prevent the mortality associated with prostate cancer. In this context, mitochondrial Rho GTPase 2 (MIRO2) mRNA was upregulated in metastatic prostate cancer compared with localized tumors, and higher MIRO2 levels were correlated with poor patient survival. Using human cell lines that represent androgen-independent or -sensitive prostate cancer, we showed that MIRO2 depletion impaired cell growth, colony formation, and tumor growth in mice.

A tribute to Dr. Serge N. Timasheff, our mentor.

Dr. Serge N. Timasheff, our mentor and friend, passed away in 2019.

Cognitive Recovery During Inpatient Rehabilitation Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pediatric Brain Injury Consortium Study.

Objectives: To characterize the demographics, clinical course, and predictors of cognitive recovery among children and young adults receiving inpatient rehabilitation following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design: Retrospective observational, multicenter study.

Setting: Eight acute pediatric inpatient rehabilitation facilities in the United States with specialized programs for treating patients with TBI.

Associations Between Tenofovir Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots, Impaired Physical Function, and Fracture Risk.

Background: In this study, we evaluate associations between cumulative antiretroviral adherence/exposure, quantified using tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBS), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related aging factors.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of younger (ages 18-35) and older (ages ≥60) persons with HIV (PWH) taking TFV disoproxil fumarate. Tenofovir diphosphate concentrations were quantified in DBS.

Lumacaftor/ivacaftor therapy fails to increase insulin secretion in F508del/F508del CF patients.

Background: Glucose tolerance abnormalities including cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) are common in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The underlying pathophysiology is not fully understood. Emerging evidence suggests that CFTR dysfunction may directly or indirectly impact β-cell function, offering the potential for improvement with CFTR modulator therapy.

Honoring Veterans' Preferences: The Association Between Comfort Care Goals and Care Received at the End of Life.

Context: As part of its Life-Sustaining Treatment (LST) Decisions Initiative, the Veterans Health Administration (VA) in January 2017 began requiring electronic documentation of goals of care and preferences for Veterans with serious illness and at high risk for life-threatening events.

Objectives: To evaluate whether goals of "to be comfortable" were associated with greater palliative care (PC) use and lesser acute care use.

Methods: We identified Veterans with VA inpatient or nursing home stays overlapping July 2018-January 2019, with LST templates documented by January 31, 2019, and who died by April 30, 2019 (N = 18,163).

Early Embryonic Expression of Is Critical for Cardiovascular Development.

Congenital cardiovascular malformation is a common birth defect incorporating abnormalities of the outflow tract and aortic arch arteries, and mice deficient in the transcription factor () present with complex defects affecting these structures. AP-2α is expressed in the pharyngeal surface ectoderm and neural crest at mid-embryogenesis in the mouse, but the precise tissue compartment in which is required for cardiovascular development has not been identified. In this study we describe the fully penetrant deficient cardiovascular phenotype on a C57Bl/6J genetic background and show that this is associated with increased apoptosis in the pharyngeal ectoderm.

Screening Tools for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Primary Care: A Systematic Evidence Review.

Context: Recommendations conflict regarding universal application of formal screening instruments in primary care (PC) and PC-like settings for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Objectives: We systematically reviewed evidence for universal screening of children for ASD in PC.

Data Sources: We searched Medline, PsychInfo, Educational Resources Informational Clearinghouse, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature.

A Strategy for the Renovation of a Clinical Pathways Program.

Introduction: Clinical pathways (CPs) translate best available evidence to the local care context and intend to inform clinical decision-making, optimize care, and decrease variation. This article describes a CPs program improvement process at a free-standing academic children's hospital. Aims: (1) improve the pathway development process; (2) identify and address gaps; (3) strengthen measurement; (4) increase efficiency in cycle time to build a pathway; (5) increase multidisciplinary participation; (6) integrate into the electronic health record ; and (7) and increase pathway utilization.

A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study of Oral 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Adult Patients Undergoing Resection of a Newly Diagnosed or Recurrent High-Grade Glioma.

Background: The utility of oral 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)/protoporphyrin fluorescence for the resection of high-grade gliomas is well documented. This drug has received regulatory approval in Europe but awaits approval in the United States.

Objective: To identify the appropriate dose and toxicity or harms of 5-ALA used for enhanced intraoperative visualization of malignant brain tumors, reported from a single medical center in the United States.

AF10 regulates progressive H3K79 methylation and HOX gene expression in diverse AML subtypes.

Homeotic (HOX) genes are dysregulated in multiple malignancies, including several AML subtypes. We demonstrate that H3K79 dimethylation (H3K79me2) is converted to monomethylation (H3K79me1) at HOX loci as hematopoietic cells mature, thus coinciding with a decrease in HOX gene expression. We show that H3K79 methyltransferase activity as well as H3K79me1-to-H3K79me2 conversion is regulated by the DOT1L cofactor AF10.

Major alteration in coxsackievirus B3 genomic RNA structure distinguishes a virulent strain from an avirulent strain.

Coxsackievirus B3 (CV-B3) is a cardiovirulent enterovirus that utilizes a 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) to complete critical viral processes. Here, we directly compared the structure of a 5'UTR from a virulent strain with that of a naturally occurring avirulent strain. Using chemical probing analysis, we identified a structural difference between the two 5'UTRs in the highly substituted stem-loop II region (SLII).

Utility of the theory of planned behavior to predict nursing staff blood pressure monitoring behaviours.

Aims And Objectives: To evaluate constructs from the theory of planned behavior (TPB, Ajzen 2002) - attitudes, sense of control, subjective norms and intentions - as predictors of accuracy in blood pressure monitoring.

Background: Despite numerous initiatives aimed at teaching blood pressure measurement techniques, many healthcare providers measure blood pressures incorrectly.

Design: Descriptive, cohort design.