Abdominal and intra-abdominal fibromatoses: Outcomes over time.

Objectives: Abdominal wall and intra-abdominal fibromatoses are locally aggressive, nonmetastasizing neoplasms. Surgery has been the mainstay of local control, but new forms of therapy have been developed that may influence the clinical course and morbidity. We studied the clinical features and outcomes of patients with abdominal and intra-abdominal fibromatoses over time.

Uncovering cerebral blood flow patterns corresponding to Amyloid-beta accumulations in patients across the Alzheimer's disease continuum using the arterial spin labeling.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder ranging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD dementia. Abnormal cerebral perfusion alterations, influenced by amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulations, have been implicated in cognitive decline along this spectrum.

Objective: This study investigates the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1-42 levels and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes across the AD continuum using the Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) technique.

Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Fungal Infections in the Intensive Care Unit: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a morbid superinfection that can arise in critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection. Studies evaluating the full spectrum of COVID-19-associated fungal infections remain limited.

Methods: Single-center retrospective study assessing IFD in patients with COVID-19, hospitalized for ≥ 72 h in the intensive care unit (ICU) between 02/25/20 and 02/28/22 (n = 1410).

Liquid crystal torons in Poiseuille-like flows.

Three-dimensional (3D) simulations of the structure of liquid crystal (LC) torons, topologically protected distortions of the LC director field, under material flows are rare but essential in microfluidic applications. Here, we show that torons adopt a steady-state configuration at low flow velocity before disintegrating at higher velocities, in line with experimental results. Furthermore, we show that under partial slip conditions at the boundaries, the flow induces a reversible elongation of the torons, also consistent with the experimental observations.

Racial/ethnic differences in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents in the United States.

Racial/ethnic differences are associated with the symptoms and conditions of post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) in adults. These differences may exist among children and warrant further exploration. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with difference-in-differences analyzes to assess these differences in children and adolescents under the age of 21.

Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Young Biliary Atresia Recipients Is Associated With Improved Outcomes in the Modern Era.

Introduction: Biliary atresia (BA) is the most common indication for liver transplantation (LT) in children. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with survival in young patients with BA in the modern era.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of BA patients aged < 2 years who received their first isolated LT with available data from the United Network for Organ Sharing database (01/2013-12/2022).

Combined Nanodrops Imaging and Ultrasound Localization Microscopy for Detecting Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Objective: Advanced imaging methods are crucial for understanding stroke mechanisms and discovering effective treatments to reduce bleeding and enhance recovery. In pre-clinical in vivo stroke imaging, MRI, CT and optical imaging are commonly used to evaluate stroke outcomes in rodent models. However, MRI and CT have limited spatial resolution for rodent brains, and optical imaging is hindered by limited imaging depth of penetration.

Concussion and depressive symptoms in high school students: impact of physical activity and substance use.

Objective: To investigate the association between concussion history and depressive symptoms after adjusting for physical activity, substance use, and illicit drug use.

Methods: We analysed data from the Adolescent Behaviour and Experiences Survey, a nationally representative survey of adolescents in the USA. Our independent variables were history of concussion in the 12 months preceding survey completion; self-reported weekly physical activity (days per week with >60 min of physical activity, 0-7 scale); substance use over the past 30 days (yes vs no) and illicit drug use throughout lifetime (yes vs no).

A Novel Fibrinolysis Resistance Capacity Assay Can Detect Fibrinolytic Phenotypes in Trauma Patients.

Background:  To evaluate residual fibrinolysis resistance activity (FRA) in plasma, a detergent-modified plasma clot lysis assay time (dPCLT) was established in which α2-antiplasmin (A2AP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) are inactivated without impacting protease activity. We applied this novel assay to severely injured trauma patients' plasma.

Material And Methods:  Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-induced plasma clot lysis assays were conducted after detergents- (dPCLT) or vehicle- (sPCLT) treatment, and time to 50% clot lysis was measured ("transition midpoint", T ).

Department of Defense Military Treatment Facility and Community Care Costs After Traumatic Brain Injury in Service Members and Veterans Treated in Veterans Affairs Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers: A VA TBI Model Systems Study.

Objective: To estimate cost models of military traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can provide evidence for future cost-effectiveness analyses highlighted as a gap in the recent National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report on accelerating progress in TBI.

Setting: Military Treatment Facilities (MTFs) and community care facilities within the Military Health System (MHS).

Participants: 1,101 service members/veterans (SMV) diagnosed with a TBI and treated at a Veterans Administration (VA) Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center (PRC).

Benefits of longitudinally linked national records of child maltreatment report and foster care.

Background: The Report and Placement Integrated Data System (RAPIDS) integrates two U.S. national data systems-NCANDS' child maltreatment report (CMR) records and AFCARS' foster care (FC) records-into a single longitudinal dataset spanning 2006-2021.

Temperate grassland conversion to conifer forest destabilises mineral soil carbon stocks.

Tree-planting is increasingly presented as a cost-effective strategy to maximise ecosystem carbon (C) storage and thus mitigate climate change. Its success largely depends on the associated response of soil C stocks, where most terrestrial C is stored. Yet, we lack a precise understanding of how soil C stocks develop following tree planting, and particularly how it affects the form in which soil C is stored and its associated stability and resistance to climate change.

Recent Advances in Ozone Photochemistry: A Lambda Doublet Propensity and Spin-Forbidden Channels.

Recent studies on ozone photodissociation in the Hartley and Huggins bands have provided new insights into the dissociation dynamics and product state distributions. A Λ-doublet propensity in the photodissociation has been identified through experiment and theory as the origin of the oscillatory O(a1Δ) rotational distributions and provides a promising diagnostic for determining the relative contributions of 3' and 3″ states in Huggins band spin-forbidden processes. Recent experiments on spin-forbidden dissociation have provided detailed information about the vibrational and rotational distributions of the O products and the branching ratios between the O electronic states, serving as a motivation for high-level theory.

Use of Claims to Assess Outcomes and Treatment Effects in the Evolut Low Risk Trial.

Background: Food and Drug Administration-mandated postmarket studies for transcatheter aortic valve replacement in low-risk populations plan to use passively collected registry data linked to claims for long-term follow-up out to 10 years. Therefore, it is critically important to understand the validity of these claims-based end points. We sought to evaluate the ability of administrative claims with () codes to identify trial-adjudicated end points and reproduce treatment comparisons of aortic valve replacement in the Evolut Low Risk Trial.

Clinical Manifestations and Treatment Challenges in Infants and Children With Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency.

The most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is secondary to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD). This review will summarize the clinical manifestations, recommended treatments, monitoring, clinical challenges and management strategy, and treatment challenges in special situations for infants and children with classic CAH due to 21OHD. Specifically, we review newborn screening and the initial diagnosis, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid treatment, and recommended monitoring, including anthropometric and laboratory measures.

Characteristics of Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases Cases Among U.S. Children With Hematologic Malignancies Before and After Introduction of Thirteen-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, 2005-2019.

Background: Children with hematologic malignancies (HMs) are at increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Data on long-term IPD trends in U.S.

Causal Inference With Observational Data and Unobserved Confounding Variables.

Experiments have long been the gold standard for causal inference in Ecology. As Ecology tackles progressively larger problems, however, we are moving beyond the scales at which randomised controlled experiments are feasible. To answer causal questions at scale, we need to also use observational data -something Ecologists tend to view with great scepticism.

Randomized phase II study of bevacizumab with weekly anetumab ravtansine or weekly paclitaxel in platinum-resistant/refractory high grade ovarian cancer (NCI trial).

Purpose: Mesothelin (MSLN) is highly expressed in high grade serous/ endometrioid ovarian cancers (HGOC). Anetumab ravtansine (AR) is an antibody drug conjugate directed at MSLN antigen with a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. We assessed safety, activity and pharmacokinetics of the combination AR/bevacizumab (Bev) (ARB) versus weekly paclitaxel (wP)/Bev (PB) in patients with platinum resistant/refractory HGOC (prrHGOC).

Proportions of incommensurate, resonant, and chaotic orbits for torus maps.

This paper focuses on distinguishing classes of dynamical behavior for one- and two-dimensional torus maps, in particular, between orbits that are incommensurate, resonant, periodic, or chaotic. We first consider Arnold's circle map, for which there is a universal power law for the fraction of nonresonant orbits as a function of the amplitude of the nonlinearity. Our methods give a more precise calculation of the coefficients for this power law.

Kidney organ injury scaling: 2025 update.

The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma initially published the organ injury scaling for the kidney in 1989, which was subsequently updated in 2018. This current American Association for the Surgery of Trauma kidney organ injury scaling update incorporates the latest evidence in diagnosis and management of renal trauma and is based upon a multidisciplinary consensus. These changes reflect the near universal use of computed tomography for renal trauma evaluation and the widespread adoption of conservative management across all grades of renal trauma.

The tissue-plasminogen activator-challenged thromboelastography provides a comprehensive assessment of fibrinolysis in the severely injured.

Background: Tissue-plasminogen activator-challenged thromboelastography (tPA-TEG) predicts massive transfusion and mortality better than conventional rapid thromboelastography (rTEG), with little concordance between their lysis values (LY30). We hypothesized that the main fibrinolytic inhibitors plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and α-2 antiplasmin (A2AP), as well as markers of fibrinolytic activation (plasmin-antiplasmin [PAP], tPA-PAI-1 complex, tPA activity), would correlate more strongly with tPA-TEG versus rTEG LY30 and may explain the recent findings of four distinct fibrinolytic phenotypes in trauma based on these two TEG methodologies.

Methods: Adult trauma patients (n = 56) had tPA-TEG, rTEG, and plasma obtained on arrival to the emergency department with institutional review board approval.

Pinch-off dynamics of emulsion filaments before and after polymerization of the internal phase.

The capillary break-up of complex fluid filaments occurs in many scientific and industrial applications, particularly in bio-printing where both liquid and polymerized droplets exist in the fluid. The simultaneous presence of fluid and solid particles within a carrier fluid and their interactions lead to deviations in the filament break-up from the well-established capillary breakup dynamics of single-phase liquids. To examine the significance of the dispersed phase and the internal interactions between liquid droplets and solid particles, we prepare emulsions through photopolymerization and conduct experimental investigations into the pinch-off dynamics of fluid filaments, focusing on the impact of varying concentrations of liquid droplets (before polymerization) and polymerized droplets.