Development of a clinical prediction model for benign and malignant pulmonary nodules with a CTR ≥ 50% utilizing artificial intelligence-driven radiomics analysis.

Objective: In clinical practice, diagnosing the benignity and malignancy of solid-component-predominant pulmonary nodules is challenging, especially when 3D consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR) ≥ 50%, as malignant ones are more invasive. This study aims to develop and validate an AI-driven radiomics prediction model for such nodules to enhance diagnostic accuracy.

Methods: Data of 2,591 pulmonary nodules from five medical centers (Zhengzhou People's Hospital, etc.

Analysis of anti-infective therapy in a challenging case of brainstem hemorrhage complicated with pneumonia.

We present a highly challenging case of brainstem hemorrhage complicated with pneumonia in a 41-year-old male patient. The patient had intermittent and recurrent fever for nearly two months from June 24, 2022 to August 22, 2022, along with extremely unstable vital signs. Multiple consultations were conducted among clinicians and pharmacists.

Expression of nicastrin, NICD1, and Hes1 in NCSTN knockout mice: implications for hidradenitis suppurativa, Alzheimer's, and liver cancer.

Background: Nicastrin, a subunit of the γ-secretase complex, is encoded by the NCSTN gene and regulates notch signaling, it is involved in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), Alzheimer disease (AD), and liver cancer. However, the animal models for studying HS are relatively scarce.

Methods: CRISPR/Cas-mediated genetic engineering was used to generate targeted knockout offspring mice (C57BL/6J).

Exploring the optimal threshold of 3D consolidation tumor ratio value segmentation based on artificial intelligence for predicting the invasive degree of T1 lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: The assessment of lung adenocarcinoma significantly depends on the proportion of solid components in lung nodules. Traditional one-dimensional consolidation tumor ratio (1D CTR) based on ideal, uniformly dense solid components lacks precision. There is no consensus on the CT threshold for evaluating invasiveness using the threshold segmentation method.

Severe Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Mortality Risk in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury.

Purpose: Deficiency in vitamin D is associated with adverse outcomes in several health conditions. However, the specific impact of vitamin D levels on mortality in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients remains inadequately explored. This study aims to investigate the association between serum vitamin D concentrations and mortality risk in critically ill patients diagnosed with AKI.

Quantitative analysis of imaging characteristics in lung adenocarcinoma in situ using artificial intelligence.

Background: With the rising incidence of pulmonary nodules (PNs), lung adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) is a critical early stage of lung cancer, necessitating accurate diagnosis for early intervention. This study applies artificial intelligence (AI) for quantitative imaging analysis to differentiate AIS from atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), aiming to enhance clinical diagnosis and prevent misdiagnosis.

Methods: The study analyzed 1215 PNs with confirmed AAH, AIS, and MIA from six centers using the Shukun AI diagnostic module.

Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived small extracellular vesicles protect against UV-induced photoaging via regulating pregnancy zone protein.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the primary extrinsic factor in skin aging, contributing to skin photoaging, actinic keratosis (AK), and even squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Currently, the beneficial role of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) in cutaneous wound healing has been widely reported, but the field of photoaging remains to be explored. Our results suggested that human umbilical cord MSC-derived sEVs (hucMSC-sEVs) intervention could effectively alleviate skin photoaging phenotypes in vivo and in vitro, including ameliorating UV-induced histopathological changes in the skin and inhibiting oxidative stress and collagen degradation in dermal fibroblasts (DFs).

Association of diabetes and white blood cell count with stroke in patients with carotid artery dissection.

Background: Carotid artery dissection is an important cause of stroke. However, the predictors of ischemic stroke in patients with carotid artery dissection are controversial. The study aimed to analyze the predictors of ischemic stroke in patients with carotid artery dissection through retrospective medical records.

USP36 promotes tumorigenesis and tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer by deubiquitinating and stabilizing ERα.

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women globally. Over-activated estrogen receptor (ER) α signaling is considered the main factor in luminal breast cancers, which can be effectively managed with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen. However, approximately 30-40% of ER + breast cancer cases are recurrent after tamoxifen therapy.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in joint diseases: Therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms.

Joint diseases greatly impact the daily lives and occupational functioning of patients globally. However, conventional treatments for joint diseases have several limitations, such as unsatisfatory efficacy and side effects, necessitating the exploration of more efficacious therapeutic strategies. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have demonstrated high therapeutic efficacyin tissue repair and regeneration, with low immunogenicity and tumorigenicity.

Extracellular vesicles: opening up a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction.

Mitochondria are crucial organelles responsible for energy generation in eukaryotic cells. Oxidative stress, calcium disorders, and mitochondrial DNA abnormalities can all cause mitochondrial dysfunction. It is now well documented that mitochondrial dysfunction significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous illnesses.

CD5L up-regulates the TGF-β signaling pathway and promotes renal fibrosis.

Renal fibrosis is the common final pathway of progressive renal diseases, in which the macrophages play an important role. ELISA was used to detect CD5 antigen-like (CD5L) in serum samples from end-stage renal disease (ESRD), as well as in mice serum with unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO). Recombinant CD5L was injected into UUO mice to assess renal injury, fibrosis, and macrophage infiltration.

MICAL1 promotes the proliferation in acute myeloid leukemia and is associated with clinical prognosis and immune infiltration.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common hematopoietic malignancies that has a poor prognosis and a high rate of relapse. Dysregulated metabolism plays an important role in AML progression. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of MRGs using TCGA and GEO datasets and further explore the potential function of critical MRGs in AML progression.

Luteolin enhances drug chemosensitivity by downregulating the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway in paclitaxel‑resistant esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Drug resistance is a key factor underlying the failure of tumor chemotherapy. It enhances the stem‑like cell properties of cancer cells, tumor metastasis and relapse. Luteolin is a natural flavonoid with strong anti‑tumor effects.

[Clinical Observation on Haploid Hematopoietic Stem Cells Combined with Umbilical Cord Blood Double Transplantation for Aplastic Anaemia in Children].

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combined with umbilical cord blood infusion for the treatment of aplastic anaemia in children.

Methods: Nine cases of children with aplastic anaemia treated with umbilical cord blood combined with haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at the People's Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from January 1, 2021 to September 15, 2023 with a median age of 11(2-13) years and a median follow up of 18(7.5-21) months were included, and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.

TREM2 deficiency aggravates renal injury by promoting macrophage apoptosis and polarization via the JAK-STAT pathway in mice.

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an immune receptor that affects cellular phenotypes by modulating phagocytosis and metabolism, promoting cell survival, and counteracting inflammation. Its role in renal injury, in particular, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) or ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced renal injury remains unclear. In our study, WT and Trem2 mice were employed to evaluate the role of TREM2 in renal macrophage infiltration and tissue injury after UUO.

Inhibition of interferon regulatory factor 4 orchestrates T cell dysfunction, extending mouse cardiac allograft survival.

Background: T cell dysfunction, which includes exhaustion, anergy, and senescence, is a distinct T cell differentiation state that occurs after antigen exposure. Although T cell dysfunction has been a cornerstone of cancer immunotherapy, its potential in transplant research, while not yet as extensively explored, is attracting growing interest. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) has been shown to play a pivotal role in inducing T cell dysfunction.

Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in kidney diseases: A biomarker and potential therapeutic target.

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. As an amplifier of the inflammatory response, TREM-1 is mainly involved in the production of inflammatory mediators and the regulation of cell survival. TREM-1 has been studied in infectious diseases and more recently in non-infectious disorders.