Dual-responsive 3D DNA nanomachines cascaded hybridization chain reactions for novel self-powered flexible microRNA-detecting platform.

The microRNA-21 is closely related to chromatin remodeling and epigenetic regulation. In this work, an efficient double-response 3D DNA nanomachine (DRDN) was assembled by co-immobilizing two different lengths of hairpin DNA on the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to capture microRNA-21 (miRNA-21), recycle miRNA-21, and trigger hybridization chain reactions (HCR). This work reports the fabrication of a laser-scribed graphene (LSG) electrode with excellent flexibility and electrical conductivity by laser-scribing commercial polyimide films (PI).

Exosome Heterogeneity Affects the Distal "Barrier-Crossing" Trafficking of Exosome Encapsulated Quantum Dots.

The biological activities of nanoparticles (NPs), which include endocytosis by macrophages and subsequent intracellular degradation and/or release, transfer to other cells, or translocation across tissue barriers, highly depend on their fate in living organisms. Yet, translocation across barriers, especially the distal "barrier-crossing" trafficking of NPs, is still unclear. The exosome (Exo) plays a crucial role in intercellular communication and biological barrier trafficking.

Cadonilimab Combined with Chemotherapy with or without Bevacizumab as First-Line Treatment in Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer (COMPASSION-13): A Phase 2 Study.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been a potential treatment option for patients with cervical cancer in several clinical studies. We investigated the safety and efficacy of cadonilimab, a bispecific antibody targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4, plus standard therapy for the first-line treatment of R/M CC (recurrent and/or metastatic cervical cancer).

Patients And Methods: Eligible patients were assigned to 3 cohorts: cohort A-15 (cadonilimab 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks (Q3W) plus chemotherapy), cohort A-10 (cadonilimb 10 mg/kg Q3W plus chemotherapy), and cohort B-10 (cadonilimab 10 mg/kg Q3W plus chemotherapy and bevacizumab).

Diagnostic Performance of Deep Learning in Video-Based Ultrasonography for Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Multicentre Study.

Objective: Although ultrasound is a common tool for breast cancer screening, its accuracy is often operator-dependent. In this study, we proposed a new automated deep-learning framework that extracts video-based ultrasound data for breast cancer screening.

Methods: Our framework incorporates DenseNet121, MobileNet, and Xception as backbones for both video- and image-based models.

Surgical stress induced tumor immune suppressive environment.

Despite significant advances in cancer treatment over the decades, surgical resection remains a prominent management approach for solid neoplasms. Unfortunately, accumulating evidence suggests that surgical stress caused by tumor resection may potentially trigger postoperative metastatic niche formation. Surgical stress not only activates the sympathetic-adrenomedullary axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis but also induces hypoxia and hypercoagulable state.

Agomelatine prevented depression in the chronic restraint stress model through enhanced catalase activity and halted oxidative stress.

Background: Agomelatine (AGO) is an antidepressant with unique pharmacological effects; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we examined agomelatine's effects on catalase activity, oxidative stress, and inflammation.

Methods: Chronic restraint stress (CRS) model mice were established over 4 weeks, and AGO 50 mg/kg was administered to different groups alongside a deferasirox (DFX) 10 mg/kg gavage treatment.

A multicenter clinical AI system study for detection and diagnosis of focal liver lesions.

Early and accurate diagnosis of focal liver lesions is crucial for effective treatment and prognosis. We developed and validated a fully automated diagnostic system named Liver Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis System (LiAIDS) based on a diverse sample of 12,610 patients from 18 hospitals, both retrospectively and prospectively. In this study, LiAIDS achieved an F1-score of 0.

New progress in the treatment of diffuse midline glioma with H3K27M alteration.

Diffuse midline glioma with H3K27 M alteration is a primary malignant tumor located along the linear structure of the brain, predominantly manifesting in children and adolescents. The mortality rate is exceptionally high, with a mere 1 % 5-year survival rate for newly diagnosed patients. Beyond conventional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, novel approaches are imperative to enhance patient prognosis.

CREB3L4 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and decreases sorafenib chemosensitivity by promoting RHEB-mTORC1 signaling pathway.

This study was designed to explore the roles of CREB3L4 in the pathogenesis and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The proliferation of HCC lines was determined in the presence of CREB3L4 over-expression and silencing. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to screen the potential target of CREB3L4 on mTORC1.

α7nAChR Activation Combined with Endothelial Progenitor Cell Transplantation Attenuates Lung Injury in Diabetic Rats with Sepsis through the NF-κB Pathway.

Chronic diabetes mellitus compromises the vascular system, which causes organ injury, including in the lung. Due to the strong compensatory ability of the lung, patients always exhibit subclinical symptoms. Once sepsis occurs, the degree of lung injury is more severe under hyperglycemic conditions.

Cancer immunotherapy efficacy and machine learning.

Introduction: Immunotherapy is one of the major breakthroughs in the treatment of cancer, and it has become a powerful clinical strategy, however, not all patients respond to immune checkpoint blockade and other immunotherapy strategies. Applying machine learning (ML) techniques to predict the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy is useful for clinical decision-making.

Areas Covered: Applying ML including deep learning (DL) in radiomics, pathomics, tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune-related genes analysis to predict immunotherapy efficacy.

Review of pre-metastatic niches in lung metastasis: From cells to molecules, from mechanism to clinics.

Distant metastasis is responsible for high mortality in most cancer cases and the lung is one of the most common target organs, severely affecting the quality of daily life and overall survival of cancer patients. With relevant research breakthroughs accumulating, scientists have developed a deeper understanding of lung metastasis (LM) from the rudimentary "seed and soil" theory to a more vivid concept of the pre-metastatic niche (PMN). Thus, the mechanisms of PMN formation become considerably complicated, involving various types of cells, chemokines, cytokines, and proteins, providing potential biomarkers for improved LM diagnosis and treatment techniques.

Axillary lymph node dissection in triple-negative or HER2-positive breast cancer patients with clinical N2 achieving pathological complete response after neoadjuvant therapy: Is it necessary?

Aim: This study aims to identify suitable candidates for axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or targeted axillary dissection (TAD) among clinical N2 (cN2) triple-negative (TN) or HER2 positive (HER2+）breast cancer patients following neoadjuvant therapy（NAT）.

Background: Despite the substantial axillary burden in cN2 breast cancer patients, high pathological response rates can be achieved with NAT in TN or HER2+ subtypes, thus enabling potential downstaging of axillary surgery.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from the CSBrS-012 study, screening 709 patients with initial cN2, either HER2+ or TN subtype, from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020.

m C regulator-mediated methylation modification patterns and tumor microenvironment infiltration characteristics in acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: Recently, many studies have been conducted to examine immune response modification at epigenetic level, but the candidate effect of RNA 5-methylcytosine (m C) modification on tumor microenvironment (TME) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still unknown at present.

Methods: We assessed the patterns of m C modification among 417 AML cases by using nine m C regulators. Thereafter, we associated those identified modification patterns with TME cell infiltration features.

Brief Report: Updated Efficacy and Safety Data From an Integrated Analysis of Entrectinib in Locally Advanced/Metastatic ROS1 Fusion-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

• Genetic alterations in can lead to the expression of oncogenic fusion proteins in multiple tumor types, including in 1% to 2% of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. Approximately 40% of patients with fusion-positive NSCLC have baseline central nervous system (CNS) metastases, indicating the need for a treatment with CNS activity. Entrectinib, a potent ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity in the CNS, has previously demonstrated overall and intracranial efficacy, and a manageable safety profile, in patients with fusion-positive NSCLC.

Myeloprotection with trilaciclib in Chinese patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study (TRACES).

Introduction: Trilaciclib is a transient cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor that decreases the incidence of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). TRACES study was designed to assess the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics (PK) of trilaciclib before chemotherapy in Chinese patients with ES-SCLC.

Methods: The study included an open-label safety run-in part (Part 1) and double-blinded, placebo-controlled part (Part 2) where patients received trilaciclib or placebo before chemotherapy.

Efficacy of Adjuvant First-Generation TKIs versus Chemotherapy in Patients with Completely Resected EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: The use of adjuvant first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKIs) in patients with resected EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate the overall survival (OS) in patients with resected NSCLC.

Methods: Relevant studies were identified from the PubMed and EMBASE databases, and pooled hazard risks were obtained by random-effects models.

A cost-effectiveness analysis of lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography and a polygenic risk score.

Introduction: Several studies have proved that Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) is a potential candidate for realizing precision screening. The effectiveness of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer has been proved to reduce lung cancer specific and overall mortality, but the cost-effectiveness of diverse screening strategies remained unclear.

Methods: The comparative cost-effectiveness analysis used a Markov state-transition model to assess the potential effect and costs of the screening strategies incorporating PRS or not.

Notch activation defines immune-suppressive subsets of ccRCCs with unfavorable benefits from immunotherapy over VEGFR/mTOR inhibitors.

The evolutionarily conserved Notch pathway, involved in cancer stem cell capacity and cancer immunity, may predict the benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In the TCGA dataset, mRNA expression of Notch pathway genes identified three clusters with different prognoses and molecular characteristics. Based on the differentially expressed Notch pathway genes between clusters, we constructed the Notch-score, correlated with Notch activation, angiogenesis, PI3K-AKT-mTOR activity, and sensitivities to VEGFR/mTOR inhibitors.

Case report: SAF-189s is a potent inhibitor in a lorlatinib-resistant NSCLC patient with acquired compound mutations ALK L1196M and D1203N.

Acquired anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation is the major resistant mechanism to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. At present, treatment options after acquiring secondary ALK mutations are still limited. Here, we report on a patient with metastatic ALK-rearranged NSCLC who was sequentially treated with ALK TKIs, from crizotinib to lorlatinib, and developed rare acquired compound ALK mutations (L1196M and D1203N) that confer resistance to lorlatinib.

The age-related obesity paradigm: results from two large prospective cohort studies.

Background: The obesity paradigm has been a health concern globally for many years, its meaning is controversial. In this study, we assess the characteristics and causes of obesity paradigm and detail the mediation of obesity and inflammation on survival.

Methods: The original cohort included participants from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018, a prospective cohort of a nationally representative sample of adult participants; the oncology validation cohort included patients from the Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) from 2013 to 2021, a prospective cohort of Chinese patients with cancer.

The role of macrophages in gastric cancer.

As one of the deadliest cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, there has been limited improvement in long-term survival rates for gastric cancer (GC) in recent decades. The poor prognosis is attributed to difficulties in early detection, minimal opportunity for radical resection and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Macrophages are among the most abundant infiltrating immune cells in the GC stroma.

Organization of an Artificial Multicellular System with a Tunable DNA Patch on a Membrane Surface.

Coordinating multiple artificial cellular compartments into a well-organized artificial multicellular system (AMS) is of great interest in bottom-up synthetic biology. However, developing a facile strategy for fabricating an AMS with a controlled arrangement remains a challenge. Herein, utilizing DNA hybridization chain reaction on the membrane surface, we developed a DNA patch-based strategy to direct the interconnection of vesicles.