PEGylation of Dipeptide Linker Improves Therapeutic Index and Pharmacokinetics of Antibody-Drug Conjugates.

Hydrophobic payloads incorporated into antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) typically are superior to hydrophilic ones in tumor penetration and "bystander killing" upon release from ADCs. However, they are prone to aggregation and accelerated plasma clearance, which lead to reduced efficacies and increased toxicities of ADC molecules. Shielding the hydrophobicity of payloads by incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG) elements or sugar groups into the ADC linkers has emerged as a viable alternative to directly adopting hydrophilic payloads.

Aptamer-based fluorescence biosensor for rapid detection of chloramphenicol based on pyrene excimer switch.

Chloramphenicol (CAP) is widely used in treating bacteria infection in animals and humans. However, the accumulation of CAP in food and environment caused serious health risk to human. Consequently, sensitive and selective detection of CAP is of great importance in environmental monitoring and food safety.

Resource Segmentation: A New Dimension of the Segmentation Hypothesis in Drought Adaptive Strategies and Its Links to Tree Growth Performance.

The segmentation hypothesis, a framework for understanding plant drought adaptive strategy, has long been based on hydraulic resistance and vulnerability. Storage of water and carbohydrate resources is another critical function and shapes plant drought adaption and fitness together with hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability. However, patterns and implications of the interdependency of stored water and carbohydrate resources in the context of the segmentation hypothesis are poorly understood.

Root functional traits are important predictors for plant resource acquisition strategies in subtropical forests.

Intercorrelated aboveground traits associated with costs and plant growth have been widely used to predict vegetation in response to environmental changes. However, whether underground traits exhibit consistent responses remains unclear, particularly in N-rich subtropical forests. Responses of foliar and root morphological and physiological traits of tree and herb species after 8-year N, P, and combined N and P treatments (50 kg N, P, N and P ha year) were examined in leguminous Acacia auriculiformis (AA) and nonleguminous Eucalyptus urophylla (EU) forests in southern China.

A NAC transcription factor NAC50 regulates Fe reutilization in Arabidopsis under Fe-deficient condition.

A lack of iron (Fe) inhibits the growth and development of plants, leading to reduced agricultural yields and quality. In the last ten years, numerous studies have focused on the induction of Fe uptake and translocation under Fe deficiency, but the regulatory mechanisms governing Fe reutilization within plants are still not well understood. Here, we demonstrated the involvement of the NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2 (NAC) transcription factor NAC50 in response to Fe shortage.

Chronic implantable flexible serpentine probe reveals impaired spatial coding of place cells in epilepsy.

The development of minimally invasive and reliable electrode probes for neural signal recording is crucial for advancing neuroscience and treating major brain disorders. Flexible neural probes offer superior long-term recording capabilities over traditional rigid probes. This study introduces a parylene-based serpentine electrode probe for stable, long-term neural monitoring.

One-core neuron deep learning for time series prediction.

The enormous computational requirements and unsustainable resource consumption associated with massive parameters of large language models and large vision models have given rise to challenging issues. Here, we propose an interpretable 'small model' framework characterized by only a single core-neuron, i.e.

A novel non-invasive murine model for rapidly testing drug activity via inhalation administration against .

The efficacy of many compounds against is often limited when administered via conventional oral or injection routes due to suboptimal pharmacokinetic characteristics. Inhalation-based delivery methods have been investigated to achieve high local therapeutic doses in the lungs. However, previous models, typically employing wild-type strains, were intricate, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and with poor reproducibility.

Soil microbial carbon use efficiency differs between mycorrhizal trees: insights from substrate stoichiometry and microbial networks.

The role of mycorrhizal associations in controlling forest soil carbon storage remains under debate. This uncertainty is potentially due to an incomplete understanding of their influence on the free-living soil microbiome and its functions. In this study, rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were collected from eight arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and seven ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree species in a temperate forest.

Unraveling the Positive Role of WO on Supported Vanadium Catalysts for NO Reduction by Operando Spectroscopy.

Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO ) by ammonia (NH-SCR) over supported vanadium catalysts is a commercial technology for NO abatement in combustion exhaust. The addition of tungsten oxide (WO) significantly enhances the performance of supported vanadium catalysts (VO/TiO), but the mechanism underlying this enhancement remains controversial. In this study, we employed combined operando spectroscopy (DRIFTS-UV-vis-MS) to investigate the dynamic state of active sites (acid sites and redox sites) on VO-WO/TiO during the NH-SCR reaction.

Origin of Crude Oils in the Lower Yanchang Formation of Yan'an Area in Ordos Basin, China.

The clastic rocks of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin display poor physical properties but are rich in petroleum resources, exhibiting significant exploration potential. However, due to the existence of multiple sets of oil-bearing formations, hydrocarbon-generating formations, and a large longitudinal span, elucidating the correspondence between crude oil and source rocks is vital for further exploration. This study concentrates on the Lower Yanchang Formation of Triassic in the Yan'an area of the Ordos Basin, aiming to perform refined oil-source correlation.

Built-in electric field in the Mn/C heterojunction promotes electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia.

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has been regarded as a green and promising alternative to the traditional Haber-Bosch process. However, the high bond energy (940.95 kJ mol) of the NN triple bond hinders the adsorption and activation of N molecules, which is a critical factor restricting the catalytic performance of catalysts and their large-scale applications.

Weaker Plant-Frugivore Trait Matching Towards the Tropics and on Islands.

Biotic interactions play an important role in species diversification and maintenance and, thus, are regarded as the architecture of biodiversity. Since Darwin and Wallace, biologists have debated whether biotic interactions are stronger towards the tropics and on continents, when compared to temperate regions and islands. Here, based on 354 avian frugivory networks accounting for 22,199 interactions between 1247 bird species and 2126 plant species, we quantified trait matching strength, which reflects interaction strength and specificity, across gradients of latitude and insularity globally.

Transition from Procoagulation to Antiplatelet Effect: Application and Mechanism of Aspirin-Modified Chitosan in Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts.

Chitosan is generally considered to be a procoagulant effect, which may cause adverse phenomena such as blood clotting when used in small-diameter vascular grafts. However, it also shows good biocompatibility and anti-inflammatory properties, which can facilitate vascular reconstruction. Therefore, it is significant to transition the effect of chitosan from coagulation promotion to antiplatelet while still harnessing its bioactivity.

Identification of Critical Signature in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Using Bioinformatics Analysis and in Vitro Analyses.

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric condition that emerges following exposure to trauma and significantly affects daily functioning. Current research is focused on identifying effective treatments for PTSD. Advances in bioinformatics provide opportunities to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of PTSD.

Identifying Carbon-Carbon Triple Bonds from Double Bonds via Single-Molecule Conductance.

Molecular-scale electronics focuses on understanding and utilizing charge transport through individual molecules. A key issue is the charge transport capability of a single molecule characterized by current decay. We visualize the on-site formation of conjugated polymers with varying carbon-carbon bond orders by using scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy.

Recent Advances in Asymmetric Organometallic Electrochemical Synthesis (AOES).

ConspectusIn recent years, our research group has dedicated significant effort to the field of asymmetric organometallic electrochemical synthesis (AOES), which integrates electrochemistry with asymmetric transition metal catalysis. On one hand, we have rationalized that organometallic compounds can serve as molecular electrocatalysts (mediators) to reduce overpotentials and enhance both the reactivity and selectivity of reactions. On the other hand, the conditions for asymmetric transition metal catalysis can be substantially improved through electrochemistry, enabling precise modulation of the transition metal's oxidation state by controlling electrochemical potentials and regulating the electron transfer rate via current adjustments.

Unconventional Ferroelectric-Ferroelastic Switching Mediated by Non-Polar Phase in Fluorite Oxides.

HfO/ZrO-based ferroelectrics present tremendous potential for next-generation non-volatile memory due to their high scalability and compatibility with silicon technology. Unlike the continuous polar layers in perovskite ferroelectrics, HfO/ZrO-based ferroelectrics are composed of alternating polar layers with oxygen shifts and non-polar spacers, which leads to a distinct ferroelectric switching mechanism. However, directly observing the switching process has been a big challenge due to the polymorph feature of nanoscale fluorites and the difficulty in in situ imaging on light elements.

Resonantly Enhanced Hybrid Wannier-Mott-Frenkel Excitons in Organic-Inorganic Van Der Waals Heterostructures.

Hybrid excitons formed via resonant hybridization in 2D material heterostructures feature both large optical and electrical dipoles, providing a promising platform for many-body exciton physics and correlated electronic states. However, hybrid excitons at organic-inorganic interface combining the advantages of both Wannier-Mott and Frenkel excitons remain elusive. Here, hybrid excitons are reported in the copper phthalocyanine/molybdenum diselenide (CuPc/MoSe) heterostructure (HS) featuring strong molecular orientation dependence by low-temperature photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopy.

Self-Powered Filterless Narrowband UV Photodetection Triggered by Asymmetric Charge Carrier Generation in a Wide-Bandgap Halide Perovskite Ferroelectric.

Narrowband photodetection with selective light detection in ultraviolet (UV) range is particularly pronounced in specialized such as targeted wavelength imaging and UV-phototherapy. In contrast to conventional strategies, ferroelectric materials with pronounced bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) provide a novel asymmetric carrier generation concept for achieving filterless spectrally selective photodetection. Herein, for the first time, the realization of self-powered filterless narrowband UV photodetection is demonstrated in bulk single crystals of a newly developed halide perovskite ferroelectric, 2FEAEAPbCl (2FEEPC), which exhibits a wide bandgap of 3.

Computer-Aided Design of Self-Assembled Nanoparticles to Enhance Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy via Dual-Modulation Strategy.

The rational design of self-assembled compounds is crucial for the highly efficient development of carrier-free nanomedicines. Herein, based on computer-aided strategies, important physicochemical properties are identified to guide the rational design of self-assembled compounds. Then, the pharmacophore hybridization strategy is used to design self-assemble nanoparticles by preparing new chemical structures by combining pharmacophore groups of different bioactive compounds.

Boosting Thermoelectric Performance of Semicrystalline Conducting Polymers by Simply Adding Nucleating Agent.

Controlling the microstructure of semiconducting polymers is critical for optimizing thermoelectric performance, yet remains challenging, requiring complex processing techniques like alignment. In this study, a straightforward strategy is introduced to enhance the thermoelectric properties of semi-crystalline polymer films by incorporating minimal amounts of nucleating agents, a method widely used in traditional polymer industries. By blending less than 1 wt% of N,N'-(1,4-phenyl)diisonicotinamide (PDA) into poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT-C14), controlled modulation of crystallization behavior is achieved, resulting in reduced structural disorder and enhanced charge carrier mobility.

Efficient Photocatalytic Propane Direct Dehydrogenation to Propylene Over PtO Clusters.

The direct dehydrogenation of alkanes to olefins under mild conditions is challenging due to the inert nature of alkyl C─H bonds. Herein, an efficient photocatalytic system is developed for propane direct dehydrogenation (PDH) to propylene, consisting of ≈1.30 nm sized PtO clusters immobilized on a layered double hydroxide -derived ZnO/AlO support (LD-Pt).