Experimental field tests of Batesian mimicry in the swallowtail butterfly .

The swallowtail butterfly is known for its striking resemblance in wing pattern to the toxic butterfly and is a focal system for the study of mimicry evolution. females are polymorphic in wing pattern, with mimetic and nonmimetic forms, while males are monomorphic and nonmimetic. Past work invokes selection for mimicry as the driving force behind wing pattern evolution in .

Personal Finance Education for Residents: A Qualitative Study of Resident Perspectives.

Introduction: Personal finance has been linked to wellness and resiliency; however, the level of financial literacy among residents is low. Development of a personal finance curriculum could improve the financial well-being of trainees. The first step in this process is understanding residents' educational needs.

Reframing the Value of Treatments for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

Ailawadhi reports research support from Pharmacyclics and consulting relationships with Takeda, Amgen, and Celgene. Jakubowiak reports consulting and advisory board relationships with AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Karyopharm, SkylineDX, and Takeda. Panjabi, Campioni, and Majer are employees of and stockholders in Amgen.

Investigation on the optimal implantation site and setting of Reveal LINQ avoiding interference with performance of transthoracic echocardiography.

Background: The optimal implantation site of a new implantable cardiac monitor (ICM) named Reveal LINQ may be limited based on a sufficient amplitude of R wave potential (AEP) acquisition because it is the same anatomic area used for transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).

Methods: Among 18 healthy volunteers, we assessed AEPs in 3 combinations through parasternal placement of 2 electrodes, (i) in the 4th intercostal space (ICS; site A/setting a; A/a), (ii) the same setting in the 5th ICS (site B/setting a; B/a), and (iii) in a sagittal plane relative to the left sternal border at the 4th ICS (site A/setting b; A/b), and further measured AFPs in several body positions in all site-setting combinations: supine, left and right lateral decubitus, sitting, and standing. The degree of interference with TTE performance was assessed by placement of an imitation ICM in setting a at both sites A and B.

An Extended Eddy-Diffusivity Mass-Flux Scheme for Unified Representation of Subgrid-Scale Turbulence and Convection.

Large-scale weather forecasting and climate models are beginning to reach horizontal resolutions of kilometers, at which common assumptions made in existing parameterization schemes of subgrid-scale turbulence and convection-such as that they adjust instantaneously to changes in resolved-scale dynamics-cease to be justifiable. Additionally, the common practice of representing boundary-layer turbulence, shallow convection, and deep convection by discontinuously different parameterizations schemes, each with its own set of parameters, has contributed to the proliferation of adjustable parameters in large-scale models. Here we lay the theoretical foundations for an extended eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (EDMF) scheme that has explicit time-dependence and memory of subgrid-scale variables and is designed to represent all subgrid-scale turbulence and convection, from boundary layer dynamics to deep convection, in a unified manner.

Signatures of competition and strain structure within the major blood-stage antigen of in a local community in Ghana.

The concept of niche partitioning has received considerable theoretical attention at the interface of ecology and evolution of infectious diseases. Strain theory postulates that pathogen populations can be structured into distinct nonoverlapping strains by frequency-dependent selection in response to intraspecific competition for host immune space. The malaria parasite presents an opportunity to investigate this phenomenon in nature, under conditions of high recombination rate and extensive antigenic diversity.

Subtle variation in size and shape of the whole forewing and the red band among co-mimics revealed by geometric morphometric analysis in butterflies.

are unpalatable butterflies that exhibit remarkable intra- and interspecific variation in wing color pattern, specifically warning coloration. Species that have converged on the same pattern are often clustered in Müllerian mimicry rings. Overall, wing color patterns are nearly identical among co-mimics.

Evolutionary history of drives divergence in grazing selectivity and alters temporal community dynamics of producers.

Consumers with different seasonal life histories encounter different communities of producers during specific seasonal phases. If consumers evolve to prefer the producers that they encounter, then consumers may reciprocally influence the temporal composition of producer communities. Here, we study the keystone consumer whose seasonal life history has diverged due to intraspecific predator divergence across lakes of New England.