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8 results match your criteria: "University of Cape Town and University of Cape Town Lung Institute[Affiliation]"
Ann Am Thorac Soc
October 2024
Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis (Hr-TB) is often overlooked in diagnostic algorithms because of reliance on first-line molecular assays testing only for rifampicin resistance. To determine the prevalence, outcomes, and molecular mechanisms associated with rifampin-susceptible, isoniazid-resistant TB (Hr-TB) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Between April 2016 and October 2017, sputum samples were collected from patients with rifampin-susceptible TB at baseline and at Weeks 7 and 23 of drug-susceptible TB treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrials
January 2024
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA.
Background: Delamanid and bedaquiline are two of the most recently developed antituberculosis (TB) drugs that have been extensively studied in patients with multidrug-resistant TB. There is currently a need for more potent, less-toxic drugs with novel mechanisms of action that can be used in combination with these newer agents to shorten the duration of treatment as well as prevent the development of drug resistance. Quabodepistat (QBS) is a newly discovered inhibitor of decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose-2'-oxidase, an essential enzyme for Mycobacterium tuberculosis to synthesize key components of its cell wall.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntimicrob Agents Chemother
October 2023
Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Accumulating evidence supports the use of higher doses of rifampicin for tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Rifampicin is a potent inducer of metabolic enzymes and drug transporters, resulting in clinically relevant drug interactions. To assess the drug interaction potential of higher doses of rifampicin, we compared the effect of high-dose rifampicin (40 mg/kg daily, RIF40) and standard-dose rifampicin (10 mg/kg daily, RIF10) on the activities of major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and P-glycoprotein (P-gp).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntimicrob Agents Chemother
June 2023
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA.
OPC-167832, an inhibitor of decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose 2'-oxidase, demonstrated potent antituberculosis activity and a favorable safety profile in preclinical studies. This report describes the first two clinical studies of OPC-167832: (i) a phase I single ascending dose (SAD) and food effects study in healthy participants; and (ii) a 14-day phase I/IIa multiple ascending dose (MAD; 3/10/30/90 mg QD) and early bactericidal activity (EBA) trial in participants with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). OPC-167832 was well tolerated at single ascending doses (10 to 480 mg) in healthy participants and multiple ascending doses (3 to 90 mg) in participants with TB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Respir Crit Care Med
May 2023
UCSF Center for Tuberculosis, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Eur Respir J
June 2019
Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis
October 2016
Pulmonary Department, Medical School and Pulmonology Unit, University Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Background: There are few reports on the ability of primary care physicians (PCPs) to diagnose acute and chronic respiratory diseases. We assessed the agreement between PCPs and pulmonologists in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and acute respiratory infections (ARI).
Setting: Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
COPD
February 2014
1Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town , South Africa.
Dynamic hyperinflation (DH) during exercise is associated with both dyspnea and exercise limitation in COPD. Metronome-paced tachypnoea (MPT) is a simple alternative for studying DH. We compared MPT with exercise testing (XT) as methods of provoking DH, and assessed their relationship with dyspnea.
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