Oral Kaposi sarcoma in Brazil: a case series of 40 patients highlighting a significant health burden.

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive clinicopathological analysis of oral Kaposi sarcoma (KS) cases and examine its relationship with HIV-related immunosuppression.

Study Design: Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of patients microscopically diagnosed with oral KS were retrieved from three oral and maxillofacial pathology files. Data including clinical, laboratory, microscopic and immunohistochemical findings and treatment employed were retrieved.

Efficacy of long-acting local anesthetics versus their mixture with shorter-acting local anesthetics for peripheral nerve blocks guided by ultrasound: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background/importance: Local anesthetic (LA) mixtures are used in peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) to improve onset, though study results remain conflicting.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the efficacy outcomes of long-acting LA to their mixture with shorter-acting LA in ultrasound-guided PNB. The primary outcome was sensory block onset.

Pre-exposure of Lactobacillus acidophilus to stress conditions impacts the metabolites and bioaccessibility of calcium and carotenoids in fermented dairy products.

This study evaluated the impact of fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus pre-subjected to acid, osmotic, and oxidative stress conditions on the production of metabolites and the bioaccessibility of nutrients and bioactive compounds in fermented milks and yogurts. The products were added with orange bagasse (additional calcium - Ca source) and buriti pulp (carotenoids source). Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to analyze the volatile and non-volatile compounds metabolites from fermentation, respectively.

Nutritional and technological potential of umbu-caja and soursop co-product flours.

Umbu-caja and soursop from the Northeast region of Brazil are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds and are widely processed by the fruit agroindustry. However, there is a lack of research examining the composition and nutritional/technological potential of these co-product fruits. The present study evaluated the nutritional and technological characteristics of umbu-caja and soursop co-product flours (UCF and SCF, respectively), in addition to cytotoxicity in healthy cells.

Exploring the Structure and Nucleic Acid Interactions of the Leishmania sp. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase N-Terminal Region.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoans of the Leishmania genus, against which no effective treatment or control is available. Like other eukaryotes, parasite telomeres are maintained by telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein complex vital for genome stability. Its protein component, TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase), presents four structural and functional domains, with the TEN (Telomerase N-terminal) and TRBD (Telomerase RNA-binding) located at its N-terminal.

Creeping fat and gut microbiota in Crohn's disease.

In this article, we explored the role of adipose tissue, especially mesenteric adipose tissue and creeping fat, and its association with the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology and progression of Crohn's disease (CD). CD is a form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, influenced by genetic predisposition, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and environmental factors. Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in modulating immune response and intestinal inflammation and is associated with the onset and progression of CD.

Is surgical treatment better than non-surgical treatment for proximal humeral fracture in elderly people? A meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Purpose: This systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression aims to determine whether surgical treatment for proximal humeral fractures is superior to non-surgical treatment regarding pain, functionality, complications, and new surgery rates.

Methods: We systematically reviewed clinical trials from PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane up to April 2024. Data comparing surgical or conservative of proximal humeral fractures were retrieved for outcomes of pain, functionality, adverse events, and new surgeries.

Comparative Analysis of Renal Function Outcomes Following Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Obesity is a significant risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), with metabolic bariatric surgery offering potential renal benefits. However, there is limited comparative data on the impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on renal function in individuals with obesity without end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The objective of this study was to compare renal function outcomes following RYGB and LSG in patients with obesity, focusing on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine, albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), and serum cystatin C.

Pharmacological inhibition of key metabolic pathways attenuates Leishmania spp infection in macrophages.

Macrophages represent a fundamental component of the innate immune system that play a critical role in detecting and responding to pathogens as well as danger signals. Leishmania spp. infections lead to a notable alteration in macrophage metabolism, whereby infected cells display heightened energy metabolism that is linked to the integrity of host mitochondria.

Microablative radiofrequency versus sham for overactive bladder: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Energy therapies have been suggested as potential treatments for overactive bladder (OAB), yet there are few studies examining their efficacy. This study aimed to compare the effects of fractional microablative radiofrequency (RF) to sham treatment.

Methods: A pilot clinical trial was conducted with 77 women diagnosed with OAB, randomized into two groups: one receiving three monthly sessions of fractional microablative RF and the other receiving sham treatment, both combined with behavioral therapy.

Aquatic-terrestrial linkages drive contrasting biodiversity patterns in tropical and temperate forests.

Riparian ecosystems harbour unique biodiversity because of their close interconnections with adjacent aquatic ecosystems. Yet, how aquatic ecosystems influence terrestrial biodiversity over different spatial scales is poorly understood, particularly in the tropics. We conducted field campaigns to collect 235 terrestrial invertebrate assemblages along 150 m transects from 47 streams in both Brazil and the UK, compiling one of the largest known datasets of riparian invertebrate community composition at multiple spatial scales.

Voice Meets Swallowing: A Scoping Review of Therapeutic Connections.

Purpose: This scoping review aimed to explore the use of volitional voice tasks in assessing swallowing-related outcomes and to evaluate their therapeutic impact on swallowing disorders, including their effects on swallowing biomechanics.

Method: This scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. A literature search was performed across multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus), and additional records were identified through manual searches.

Quantification of Viable by Propidium Monoazide Real-Time PCR After Long-Term Storage of Peanut Products.

In this study, the performance of quantitative PCR, combined or not with propidium monoazide (PMA), to recover from peanut products after different storage times was evaluated. The samples were inoculated with 5-6 log cfu g of Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and stored at 28 °C for up to 540 d. The correlation between the threshold cycle number (Ct) and the colony-forming units (cfu) was obtained by a standard curve, which showed a linear correlation (R = 0.

Important Aspects of the Design of Experiments and Data Treatment in the Analytical Quality by Design Framework for Chromatographic Method Development.

In the analytical quality by design (AQbD) framework, the design of experiments (DOE) plays a very important role, as it provides information about how experimental input variables influence critical method attributes. Based on the information obtained from the DOE, mathematical models are generated and used to build the method operable design region (MODR), which is a robust region of operability. Data treatment steps are usually carried out in software such as Fusion QbD, Minitab, or StaEase 360, among others.

The Therapeutic Potential of Physical Exercise in Cancer: The Role of Chemokines.

The global increase in cancer cases and mortality has been associated with inflammatory processes, in which chemokines play crucial roles. These molecules, a subfamily of cytokines, are essential for the migration, adhesion, interaction, and positioning of immune cells throughout the body. Chemokines primarily originate in response to pathogenic stimuli and inflammatory cytokines.

Assessment of the Peripheral and Central Auditory System in Infants Whose Mothers Tested Positive for COVID-19 During Pregnancy.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new member of the coronavirus family. While respiratory transmission is the main route, concerns have arisen regarding possible vertical transmission, which refers to the transmission of the virus from mother to fetus through the dissemination of viral particles in the amniotic fluid. Fetal viral infection via the placenta can affect the formation of the auditory system and lead to congenital hearing disorders.

Evaluation of the Peripheral and Central Auditory Systems in Children and Adolescents Before and After COVID-19 Infection.

Unlabelled: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. During and after COVID-19, audiovestibular symptoms and impairments have been reported.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on the peripheral and central auditory systems of children and adolescents following the acute COVID-19 phase based on behavioral, electroacoustic, and electrophysiological audiological assessments.

Gene expression and immunohistochemistry analysis of ADAMTS-1 and its substrates in odontogenic keratocyst.

Background: Considering the significant participation of the microenvironment in the local aggressiveness of odontogenic keratocysts, this study aims to evaluate the expression of ADAMTS-1 and its substrates, versican, aggrecan and brevican in this locally invasive odontogenic cyst.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were conducted on 30 cases of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) and 20 dental follicles (DFs).

Results: The immunohistochemical expression of these proteins was predominantly cytoplasmic and granular across all samples.

Neuroendocrine Tumors in Horseshoe Kidneys: A Review of the Literature With Report of a Novel Finding Expanding Their Morphologic Spectrum.

Horseshoe kidney is a rare congenital anomaly with an unusually higher frequency of neuroendocrine tumors. Symptoms are rare, and, in most of the cases, are incidentally diagnosed. The clinical behavior of these tumors is heterogeneous and can be difficult to predict based on histology alone.

Tooth Anomalies in Patients With Nonsyndromic Orofacial Cleft: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of tooth anomalies (TA) in the deciduous and permanent dentition of patients with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOC), both inside and outside the cleft area.

Methods: The following databases were searched for the relevant literature: Cochrane, OVID, SciELO, Embase, Livivo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The risk of bias was analyzed using the Joanna Briggs Institute.

Paclitaxel-Coated Balloon for the Management of In-Stent Coronary Restenosis: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.

Background: Drug-coated balloons present a potentially advantageous therapeutic approach for managing coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR). However, the comparative benefits of paclitaxel-coated balloons (PCBs) over uncoated balloons (UCBs) remain unclear.

Aims: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes of patients treated with PCBs and UCBs.

Electrospun adsorbent membrane of PLA containing chitosan for toxic metal ions removal from aqueous solution: Effect of chitosan incorporation.

The scarcity of water resources and their pollution are vital to modern civilization. Thus, adsorptive membranes are promising candidates to be applied in the filtration systems to improve the water quality. In summary, this study investigated the effect of chitosan (CS) in the morphological, chemical, and physical aspects of PLA-based membranes incorporating chitosan obtained by electrospinning process, their adsorption behavior in multielement aqueous systems containing Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn , Ni, and Cd in pH 4, and the possible removal mechanism on the composite electrospun membrane's surface.