How Italian radiation oncologists use ChatGPT: a survey by the young group of the Italian association of radiotherapy and clinical oncology (yAIRO).

Purpose: To investigate the awareness and the spread of ChatGPT and its possible role in both scientific research and clinical practice among the young radiation oncologists (RO).

Material And Methods: An anonymous, online survey via Google Forms (including 24 questions) was distributed among young (< 40 years old) ROs in Italy through the yAIRO network, from March 15, 2024, to 31, 2024. These ROs were officially registered with yAIRO in 2023.

Advantage of remote workstation and job performance: the impact of worktime autonomy and remote work intensity.

Grounded on the Affective Event Theory and the Quality of Telework Model, this cross-sectional study examined the impact of perceived advantage of remote workstation on remote work performance and if this relationship is mediated through remote work intensity and moderated by worktime autonomy. The perceived advantage of remote workstation was operationalised as the arithmetical difference between perceived home office and in-site office workstation quality. A sample of 349 Italian researchers involved in hybrid work arrangements completed an online questionnaire.

Glue and Ethanol Mixture for Aneurysm Endovascular Treatment: Animal Lab Study, Imaging, and Histopathological Findings.

This study aims to investigate the degree of penetration, permanence of occlusion, and vascular changes induced by a newly modified mixture of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (Glubran 2), ethanol, and Lipidol (GEL) in the endovascular treatment of experimental aneurysms induced in swine. Bilateral pouch aneurysms were created in the wall of the internal carotid artery in eighteen pigs. The sixteen aneurysms were treated with a new mixture of GEL with different component proportions.

Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Ustekinumab in Crohn's Disease: Results from a Large Real-Life Cohort Study.

Ustekinumab (UST) is an interleukin-12/interleukin-23 receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD). Only limited real-life data on the long-term outcomes of CD patients treated with UST are available. This study assessed UST's long-term effectiveness and safety in a large population-based cohort of moderate to severe CD patients.

Kidney Damage in Pediatric Obesity: Insights from an Emerging Perspective.

The role of obesity as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adulthood has been well established. Over the last years, kidney damage (KD) has emerged as a significant consequence of obesity since childhood. Indeed, a complex interplay of metabolic factors, including insulin resistance (IR), hypertension, oxidative stress, adipose tissue dysfunction, and systemic inflammation, might affect renal hemodynamics, contributing to CKD development over time in at-risk young patients.

The Medico-Legal and Social Aspects of the Eligibility Examination for Enrolment in the Seafarers Registry: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Background: Working on board presents unique healthcare challenges for maritime personnel. Italian Law mandates a medical fitness assessment for seafarers registry enrolment. The Port Health Officer assesses seaworthiness and, against this judgment, the applicants can appeal to the First-degree Medical Commission.

Now or Later? The Role of Neoadjuvant Treatment in Advanced Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is, nowadays, the most frequent gynecological malignancy worldwide. The main treatment approach for EC is surgery, especially for early-stage tumors. For advanced EC, chemotherapy (CT) with carboplatin and paclitaxel is the standard treatment, especially for women with metastatic or recurrent disease.

Optimization of the Mechanical Recycling of Phenolic Resins for Household Appliances.

In light of the significant impact of climate change, it is imperative to identify effective solutions to reduce the environmental burdens of industrial production and to promote recycling strategies also for thermosetting polymers. In this work, the mechanical recycling of phenolic resins, obtained from industrial production scrap of plastic knobs for household appliances, was optimized. The feasibility of a partial substitution of virgin materials with recycled ones was investigated both at a laboratory and industrial scale.

Risky Behaviors for Non-Communicable Diseases: Italian Adolescents' Food Habits and Physical Activity.

Background: Driving adolescents to more correct food habits and physical activity is crucial to promoting health and avoiding the increase in morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Literature has focused on these behaviors in the adult population, while studies on adolescents are more limited. This study aims to explore the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding nutrition and physical activity to acquire insight into adolescents and identify the associated predictors.

Retrospective-Prospective Observational Study of Italian Patients Treated in Melanoma Adjuvant Cohort MAP-MADAM (Maximing ADjuvAnt MAP): Interim Analysis.

: Dabrafenib and trametinib (D + T) have been approved for the treatment of stage III melanoma with BRAF V600E V600K mutations in an adjuvant setting, based on the results from the COMBI-AD trial. To provide early access to this combination therapy prior to its commercial availability in Italy, a Managed Access Program (MAP) was run in Italy from June 2018 to December 2019. : The MADAM (Maximing ADjuvAnt MAP) study is an Italian retrospective-prospective observational study that included patients who received at least one dose of D + T through the MAP.

Molecular and Clinical Features of Adrenocortical Tumors in Beckwith-Wiedemann Spectrum.

Background/objectives: Adrenocortical tumors (ACTs), including adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) and carcinoma (ACC), represent 0.3-0.4% of pediatric tumors.

Combined Therapeutic Strategies Based on the Inhibition of Non-Oncogene Addiction to Improve Tumor Response in EGFR- and KRAS-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Oncogene-driven NSCLC is usually treated with targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to inhibit oncogene downstream signaling pathways, affecting tumor survival and proliferation. EGFR- and KRAS-mutant NSCLCs are the most represented subtypes, and they are treated in clinical practice with oncogene-targeting drugs in the first and second line, respectively. Unfortunately, the development of oncogene-independent resistant clones limits TKI efficacy.

Extracorporeal Acoustic Shock Waves to Treat Complications of Polymethylmethacrylate.

Background: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) fillers are permanent fillers known for their possible side effects. In case of complications, the only possible treatment is surgical removal, followed by procedures to minimize resulting deformity. The aims of this study were (1) to analyse the morphology of the PMMA material in the nodules, (2) to demonstrate that treatment by acoustic wave therapy (AWT) can help the removal of the nodules, and (3) to present an easy procedure to solve deformities.

Prevalence of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Italy: a nationwide survey.

Purpose: The availability of care recommendations has improved survival and delayed the progression of clinical signs in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The aim of the study was to perform a nationwide survey investigating the prevalence, age distribution, and functional status of Duchenne muscular dystrophyin Italy.

Methods: The survey was performed by collecting data from all 31 reference centers for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Italy using a structured form.

PARP inhibitors in testicular germ cell tumors: what we know and what we are looking for.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), the most common malignancies affecting young men, are characterized by high sensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, which leads to high cure rates even in metastatic disease. However, approximately 30% of patients with metastatic TGCTs relapse after first-line treatment and those who can be defined as platinum-refractory patients face a very dismal prognosis with only limited chemotherapy-based treatment options and an overall survival of few months. Hence, to understand the mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance is crucial for developing new treatment strategies.

Case report: Non-invasive cyto-salivary sampling and biomarker detection via ELISA versus histopathology for diagnosing oral potentially malignant disorders - Insights from a case-control study.

Oral leukoplakia is classified among oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) by the World Health Organization (WHO). The visual oral examination (VOE) is the most used method for identifying lesions in their early stages. Given that the diagnosis of oral cancer is often late, there is an urgent need for early detection and examination of oral lesions.

Acute kappa opioid receptor blocking disrupts the pro-cognitive effect of cannabidiol in neuropathic rats.

Cannabidiol has been shown to ameliorate neuropathic pain and its affective components. Previous studies highlighted the pharmacological interaction between the CBD and opioid system, particularly the MOR, but the understanding of the interaction between CBD and kappa opioid receptor (KOR), physiologically stimulated by the endogenous opioid dynorphin, remains elusive. We assessed the pharmacological interactions between CBD and nor-BNI, a selective KOR antagonist in a rat neuropathic pain model.

Non-invasive assessment of portal hypertension in patients with primary biliary cholangitis is affected by severity of cholestasis.

Background&aims: Non-invasive tests (NITs) for ruling-out clinical significant portal hypertension (CSPH) and high-risk varices (HRV) in patients with primary biliary cholangitis(PBC) and compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) are lacking. We evaluated NITs in these patients and the influence of cholestasis on their performance.

Methods: Consecutive patients from the "Italian PBC registry" and two UK large-volume PBC referral centres with upper endoscopy within 6 months from biochemical evaluation and transient elastography were included.

Variants in the AGBL5 gene are responsible for autosomal recessive Retinitis pigmentosa with hearing loss.

The AGBL5 gene encodes for the Cytoplasmic Carboxypeptidase 5 (CCP5), an α-tubulin deglutamylase that cleaves the γ-carboxyl-linked branching point of glutamylated tubulin. To date, pathogenic variants in AGBL5 have been associated only with isolated retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Hearing loss has not been reported in AGBL5-caused retinal disease.

Investigating the antiproliferative and antioxidant potential of xanthoxylin and of essential oil isolated from Pulicaria incisa (Lam.) DC. herbal medicine.

In this study have been evaluated the antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of Israeli Pulicaria incisa (Lam.) DC. essential oil (Pi1), of essential oil partially purified by xanthoxylin (Pi2), one of its feature metabolites, and the isolated xanthoxylin (Xan).

Behind the scenes: exploring neurological journal editors' work habits, decisions, and potential sources of conflict of interest.

Background And Objectives: Editors of scientific journals play a key role in the health-related research process. Our study aims to characterize the demographics, work habits, decision-making processes, and ethical challenges faced by editors of neurological journals and to evaluate associations between editor or journal characteristics and editorial decisions, as well as sources of conflict of interest.

Methods: Cross-sectional study involving editors from neurological journals that fell above the 50th percentile in the Scimago rankings.