Extended cognitive load induces fast neural responses leading to commission errors.

Extended performance of cognitively demanding tasks induces cognitive fatigue manifested with an overall deterioration of behavioral performance. In particular, long practice with tasks requiring impulse control is typically followed by a decrease in self-control efficiency, leading to performance instability. Here, we show that this is due to changes in activation modalities of key task-related areas occurring if these areas previously underwent intensive use.

Managing soil to support soil biodiversity in protected areas agroecosystems: a comparison between arable lands, olive groves, and vineyards in the Conero Park (Italy).

Sustainable soil management is essential to conserve soil biodiversity and its provision of vital ecosystem services. The EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 highlights the key role of organic farming and land protection in halting biodiversity loss, including edaphic biodiversity. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed measures, a 1-year study was conducted in spring 2022 to determine the soil quality of three organically managed agroecosystems and four sites for each: arable lands, olive groves, and vineyards in the Conero Park, using the arthropod-based Biological Soil Quality Index (QBS-ar) and also considering soil chemical-physical characteristics.

The Potency of Essential Oils in Combating Stored-Product Pests: From Nature to Nemesis.

, , , , , , , , and represent significant arthropod stored-product pests worldwide. To combat these noxious arthropods, the current study examines the pesticidal effect of essential oils (EOs) derived from four aromatic plants, i.e.

Introduction of Vector-Borne Infections in Europe: Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Pathogens with Potential Impact on One Health.

The rise and resurgence of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) in Europe pose an expanding public health challenge, exacerbated by climate change, globalization, and ecological disruptions. Both arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) transmitted by ticks such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes like dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, and Japanese encephalitis have broadened their distribution due to rising temperatures, changes in rainfall, and increased human mobility. By emphasizing the importance of interconnected human, animal, and environmental health, integrated One Health strategies are crucial in addressing this complex issue.

Application of Citizen Science to Sheep as a Model to Sensitize Young Citizens to Biodiversity, Animal Welfare and the Social Utility of Research.

Citizen science activities were performed using sheep as an animal model and involving 252 students aged between 9 and 11 years. The study focused on three pillars: hill/mountain landscape biodiversity, animal welfare and the social utility of research. Two types of tests-"attitude questionnaires" (AQs) and "maximum performance tests" (MPTs)-were administered.

Abdominal Ultrasonography in Healthy Female Standard Donkeys.

Knowledge of the normal ultrasound anatomy in the donkey is essential to understand pathological changes and to reach an early diagnosis, considering the "dullness" and stoicism of these animals in pain manifestations. The aims of this study were to document which abdominal viscera could be identified using a transcutaneous ultrasonography technique under field conditions in unsedated, standing donkeys to determine where the different abdominal structures could be easily displayed and to describe any variation that occurred between different donkeys and horses. In this work, the manual technique for performing an ultrasound of the abdominal organs in a donkey is described, including acoustic windows.

Effects of Diets Containing Extruded Linseed and Algae on Meat Rabbit: Carcass Performance and Meat Quality.

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with extruded linseed (ELS) and algae extract (PP) on rabbit carcass and meat quality. Ninety-six rabbit carcasses from two production cycles were analyzed. In the first cycle (C1), rabbits were fed a control diet (1CNT), the same diet supplemented with 5% ELS (1ELS5%), and supplemented with 3.

Diet Supplementation Influences Ghrelin System Expression in the Skin Appendages of the Sheep.

Ghrelin (GhRL) is an orexigenic hormone influenced by nutritional state. It plays a role in skin repair and diseases, though little information exists regarding its function in this organ. GhRL and its receptor were investigated in the skin of sheep under different feeding conditions to explore GhRL system presence and possible modifications due to diet.

The Dynamicity of the Oxytocin Receptor in the Brain May Trigger Sensory Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Sensory processing abnormalities have been noted since the first clinical description of autism in 1940. However, it was not until the release of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013 that sensory challenges were considered as symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Multisensory processing is of paramount importance in building a perceptual and cognitive representation of reality.

Artificial intelligence in healthcare: transforming patient safety with intelligent systems-A systematic review.

Introduction: Adverse events in hospitals significantly compromise patient safety and trust in healthcare systems, with medical errors being a leading cause of death globally. Despite efforts to reduce these errors, reporting remains low, and effective system changes are rare. This systematic review explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical risk management.

Insights into the formation of pullulan nanofilm and its feasibility as probiotic-resided oral fast dissolving carrier.

Oral fast dissolving films represent a novel dosage form for probiotics. To reduce the dependence of film preparation on synthetic materials, a polysaccharide-based oral fast dissolving nanofilm for probiotics was fabricated through pullulan (PUL) electrospinning. An electrospinnability map of PUL with varying physical properties was developed, identifying a molecular weight of 200 kDa and a concentration of 20 % as suitable conditions for achieving favorable fiber morphology.

An update on drug repurposing in Parkinson's disease: Preclinical and clinical considerations.

The strategy of drug repositioning has historically played a significant role in the identification of new treatments for Parkinson's disease. Still today, numerous clinical and preclinical studies are investigating drug classes, already marketed for the treatment of metabolic disorders, for their potential use in Parkinson's disease patients. While drug repurposing offers a promising, fast, and cost-effective path to new treatments, these drugs still require thorough preclinical evaluation to assess their efficacy, addressing the specific neurodegenerative mechanisms of the disease.

Essential oil and furanosesquiterpenes from myrrh oleo-gum resin: a breakthrough in mosquito vector management.

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are vectors of various pathogens of public health concern and replacing conventional insecticides remains a challenge. In this regard, natural products represent valuable sources of potential insecticidal compounds, thus increasingly attracting research interest. Commiphora myrrha (T.

Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A or S alters differently sexual behavior and kisspeptin system in mice.

The effects of bisphenol A (BPA), a highly diffused endocrine-disrupting chemical found mainly in plastics, on neural circuits and behaviors are well-known. However, the effects of its substitutes have not been fully investigated. Thus, in the present study, we compare the effects of perinatal exposure to bisphenol A or S (BPS) on reproductive behaviors and related hypothalamic kisspeptin system in mice.

Radiocarbon and bomb pulse dating in the forensic context: A systematic review.

Radiocarbon analysis in bones, particularly through Bomb Pulse dating, is an essential tool in forensic investigations for estimating the postmortem interval of human remains. However, there are some limitations related to the interpretation of laboratory data, since this can differ from the Post Mortem Interval by many years, depending on the anatomical district and the bone part sampled, as well as the age of the individual and other parameters, since these elements influence bone turnover. In recent years, many studies have been conducted, but with non-standardized data and on limited samples.

Distinct Behavioral Profiles and Neuronal Correlates of Heroin Vulnerability Versus Resiliency in a Multi-Symptomatic Model of Heroin Use Disorder in Rats.

Objective: The behavioral and diagnostic heterogeneity within the opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis is not readily captured in current animal models, limiting the translational relevance of the mechanistic research that is conducted in experimental animals. The authors hypothesized that a nonlinear clustering of OUD-like behavioral traits would capture population heterogeneity and yield subpopulations of OUD vulnerable rats with distinct behavioral and neurocircuit profiles.

Methods: Over 900 male and female heterogeneous stock rats, a line capturing genetic and behavioral heterogeneity present in humans, were assessed for several measures of heroin use and rewarded and non-rewarded seeking behaviors.

Preventing dementia in Italy: Estimations of modifiable risk factors and public health implications.

Background: Dementia is a major global public health challenge, with over 50 million cases in 2020, projected to reach 152 million by 2050. Effective prevention strategies are needed to reduce the impact of modifiable risk factors associated with dementia, particularly in countries with ageing populations like Italy. The Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) and Potential Impact Fraction (PIF) are key metrics for understanding and reducing dementia cases through targeted interventions.

Levels and oxidative toxicity of microplastics and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in different tissues of sea cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa).

Nowadays, marine pollution is a global problem which finds in microplastics (MPs) and emerging pollutants, such as perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), two of the main culprits. Sea cucumbers are a group of marine benthic invertebrates that show ecological, economic and social relevance. As deposit/suspension feeders, sea cucumbers show high susceptibility to bioaccumulate marine pollutants, including PFASs and MPs.

Effect of dietary microalgae on growth performance and health in meat-type quails.

The purpose of this work was to ascertain the impact of dietary inclusion of Dunaliella salina (Ds) and Arthrospira platensis (Ap) mixture as growth promoters on growth performance, carcass traits, liver and renal function, lipid profile, immunology and economics in quail chicks. 240 Un -sexed seven-day quail chicks were separated into four treatment groups with six replicates of ten chicks per group. The treatment groups are: control: basal diet; DsAp0.

Evaluation of polygenic risk scores for hormones and receptors levels in patients with vestibulodynia: a case-control study.

Background: Vulvodynia is a multifactorial disease affecting 7%-16% of reproductive-aged women in general population; however, little is still known about the genetics underlying this complex disease.

Aim: To compare polygenic risk scores for hormones and receptors levels in a case-control study to investigate their role in vulvodynia and their correlation with clinical phenotypes.

Methods: Our case-control study included patients with vestibulodynia (VBD) and healthy women.

Discriminating Analysis of Metal Ions via Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares Applied to Silver Nanoparticle Sensor.

Heavy metals are life-threatening pollutions because of their great toxicity, long-term persistence in nature and their bioaccumulation in living organisms. In this work, we performed multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares analysis of UV-Vis raw spectra received by a colorimetric sensor constructed on mercaptoundecanoic acid functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@11MUA) to detect Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn in water. This combined approach allowed the rapid identification and quantification of multiple heavy metals and showed adequate sensitivity and selectivity, thus representing a promising analytical and computational method for both laboratory and field applications such as environmental safety and public health monitoring.

The Internet of Things in the Nutritional Management of Patients with Chronic Neurological Cognitive Impairment: A Scoping Review.

Background/objectives: The Internet of Things (IoT) technology connects objects to the internet, and its applications are increasingly used in healthcare to improve the quality of care. However, the use of IoT for the nutritional management of patients with chronic neurological cognitive impairment is still in development. This scoping review aims to describe the integration of IoT and its applications to support monitoring, interventions, and nutritional education for patients with chronic neurological cognitive impairment.

Immunohistochemical insights into hypothermia-related deaths: a systematic review.

Purpose: Hypothermia occurs when core body temperature drops below 35 °C. The purpose of this review was to identify and analyze studies on the topic of hypothermia from an immunohistochemical perspective to determine robust markers of fatal hypothermia.

Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines.

A Study of Bioactivities and Composition of a Cocktail of Supernatants Derived from Lactic Acid Bacteria for Potential Food Applications.

Growing interests in replacing conventional preservatives and antibiotics in food and pharmaceutical industries have driven the exploration of bacterial metabolites, especially those from strains with generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In this study, a supernatant cocktail derived from multiple LAB strains was prepared and its bioactivities-antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and stability-were thoroughly investigated. The cocktail's main components were identified using thermal and protease treatments, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and flame ionization detection (GC-FID).

Analysis of Toxic Element Levels and Health Risks in Different Soybean Species (, , , ).

Soybeans are a widely consumed legume, essential in Western diets and especially prominent in vegan and vegetarian nutrition. However, environmental contamination from anthropogenic sources, such as industrial emissions, wastewater, and pesticide use, has led to the accumulation of non-essential and toxic elements in legumes, potentially impacting human health. This study quantified the levels of 11 potential toxic elements (Al, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Li, Ni, Pb, Sr, V) in 90 samples of four soybean species (, , , ) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).