Acute effects of interferon-alpha on cellular anabolic and catabolic processes are associated with the development of fatigue during Interferon-alpha-based therapy for Hepatitis-C: A preliminary study.

Introduction: Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is a key mediator of antiviral immune responses used to treat Hepatitis-C virus (HCV) infection. Though clinically effective, IFN-α frequently induces functionally impairing mood and motivation symptoms, particularly fatigue. Unlike mood impairment, which typically emerges after weeks of treatment, fatigue tends to emerge and evolve rapidly, typically within hours of the first IFN-α injection.

Echocardiography in the neonatal unit: current status and future prospects.

Introduction: Traditionally echocardiography was used by pediatric cardiologists to diagnose congenital heart defects in neonates. Formalized neonatal hemodynamic fellowships have been established where neonatologists acquire advanced echocardiographic skills to gain anatomical, physiological, and hemodynamic information in real time and utilize this information in making a timely and accurate physiology-based clinical decision.

Area Covered: Differences between a comprehensive formal structural echocardiography, neonatologist performed targeted echocardiography and limited assessment on point-of-care-ultrasonography for specific indications have been covered.

B lymphocyte responses in Parkinson's disease and their possible significance in disease progression.

Inflammation contributes to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. We hypothesized that B lymphocytes are involved in Parkinson's disease progression. We measured antibodies to alpha-synuclein and tau in serum from patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder ( = 79), early Parkinson's disease ( = 50) and matched controls ( = 50).

Personalised prevention of type 2 diabetes.

It is well established from clinical trials that behavioural interventions can halve the risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes but translating this evidence of efficacy into effective real-world interventions at scale is an ongoing challenge. A common suggestion is that future preventive interventions need to be more personalised in order to enhance effectiveness. This review evaluates the degree to which existing interventions are already personalised and outlines how greater personalisation could be achieved through better identification of those at high risk, division of type 2 diabetes into specific subgroups and, above all, more individualisation of the behavioural targets for preventive action.

Multiple Sclerosis: LIFNano-CD4 for Trojan Horse Delivery of the Neuro-Protective Biologic "LIF" Into the Brain: Preclinical Proof of Concept.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease that attacks the brain, with year-on-year loss of brain volume, starting late teens and becoming manifest late twenties. There is no cure, and current therapies are immunosuppressive only. LIF is a vital stem cell growth factor active throughout life-and essential for health of the central nervous system (CNS), being tolerogenic, myelinogenic, and neuroprotective.

Analysis of the components of cancer risk perception and links with intention and behaviour: A UK-based study.

Risk perception refers to how individuals interpret their susceptibility to threats, and has been hypothesised as an important predictor of intentions and behaviour in many theories of health behaviour change. However, its components, optimal measurement, and effects are not yet fully understood. The TRIRISK model, developed in the US, conceptualises risk perception as deliberative, affective and experiential components.

The Polysorbate containing AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine is tolerated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) allergic patients.

Background: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is the excipient found in the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. We previously demonstrated PEG allergy was a cause of severe anaphylaxis to the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. PEG is widely used in many household products, cosmetics and medicines.

Interventions targeted at women to encourage the uptake of cervical screening.

Background: This is an update of the Cochrane review published in Issue 5, 2011. Worldwide, cervical cancer is the fourth commonest cancer affecting women. High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is causative in 99.

Bridging Brain and Cognition: A Multilayer Network Analysis of Brain Structural Covariance and General Intelligence in a Developmental Sample of Struggling Learners.

Network analytic methods that are ubiquitous in other areas, such as systems neuroscience, have recently been used to test network theories in psychology, including intelligence research. The network or mutualism theory of intelligence proposes that the statistical associations among cognitive abilities (e.g.

Preference uncertainty accounts for developmental effects on susceptibility to peer influence in adolescence.

Adolescents are prone to social influence from peers, with implications for development, both adaptive and maladaptive. Here, using a computer-based paradigm, we replicate a cross-sectional effect of more susceptibility to peer influence in a large dataset of adolescents 14 to 24 years old. Crucially, we extend this finding by adopting a longitudinal perspective, showing that a within-person susceptibility to social influence decreases over a 1.

Sharing a written medical summary with patients on the post-admission ward round: A qualitative study of clinician and patient experience.

Rationale, Aims And Objectives: Sharing aspects of the traditional medical record with patients has been successful in primary and antenatal care, but has not been investigated in the UK inpatient setting. Our aim was to evaluate the impact on patient and clinician experience of providing patients with a written lay summary of their care-plan in the acute care setting.

Method: We carried out a qualitative interview study on two acute medicine wards in an NHS University Teaching Hospital for a 4-week period in 2019.

Echocardiographic Diagnosis and Hemodynamic Evaluation of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn (ELGAN) Infants.

Persistent Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common finding in extremely low gestational age newborn infants and its prevalence is inversely proportional to the gestational age. The presence of a persistent PDA is associated with increased mortality and several significant morbidities including intraventricular hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, and chronic lung disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, treating PDA has not been demonstrated to have beneficial impact on the long term outcomes.

Delivering the power of nanomedicine to patients today.

The situation of the COVID-19 pandemic reminds us that we permanently need high-value flexible solutions to urgent clinical needs including simplified diagnostic technologies suitable for use in the field and for delivering targeted therapeutics. From our perspective nanotechnology is revealed as a vital resource for this, as a generic platform of technical solutions to tackle complex medical challenges. It is towards this perspective and focusing on nanomedicine that we take issue with Prof Park's recent editorial published in the Journal of Controlled Release.

Feasibility and safety of laparoscopic approach in obese patients with endometriosis: a multivariable regression analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic excision of endometriotic lesions in obese women.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data involving consecutive women scheduled for complete laparoscopic removal of macroscopic endometriotic lesions between January 2012 and November 2018. Operative time, laparotomic conversion rates, complication rates, and length of hospital stay were recorded.

Laparoscopic surgery for benign adnexal conditions under spinal anaesthesia: Towards a multidisciplinary minimally invasive approach.

Background: Laparoscopic gynaecological surgery is commonly performed under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. In general surgery, locoregional anaesthesia was applied to laparoscopic procedures, increasing minimally invasive surgery advantages.

Aims: To assess and compare postoperative pain after laparoscopic adnexal procedures for benign conditions under spinal anaesthesia (SA) versus general anaesthesia (GA).

Acute abdominal pain in non-pregnant endometriotic patients: not just dysmenorrhoea. A systematic review.

Endometriosis, defined as the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, presents mainly with pelvic pain and infertility. Acute abdominal pain in non-pregnant patients with endometriosis might be minimised as a typical feature of the disease, while endometriosis is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of the current literature of cases of acute abdomen/acute abdominal pain in non-pregnant endometriotic patients.

Use of Indocyanine Green for Intraoperative Perfusion Assessment in Women with Ureteral Endometriosis: A Preliminary Study.

Study Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and potential usefulness of near-infrared imaging (NIR) with indocyanine green (ICG) to assess ureteral perfusion after conservative surgery (ureterolysis or nodule removal) for ureteral endometriosis. Any changes to the surgical plan regarding intraoperative ureteral stent placement after NIR-ICG evaluation and early postoperative outcomes were recorded.

Design: Prospective case series study.