44,411 results match your criteria: "University of California-San Francisco.[Affiliation]"

A Primer on Carceral Health for Clinicians: Care Delivery, Regulatory Oversight, Legal and Ethical Considerations, and Clinician Responsibilities.

Mayo Clin Proc

January 2025

Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Electronic address:

The United States has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world, with approximately 1.7 million individuals detained in jails or federal or state prisons. Chronic medical conditions are more prevalent among adults in custody than among their nonincarcerated counterparts, resulting in needs that often surpass the on-site medical treatment capabilities of carceral facilities.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses significant risks for solid organ transplant recipients, who have atypical but poorly characterized immune responses to infection. We aim to understand the host immunologic and microbial features of COVID-19 in transplant recipients by leveraging a prospective multicenter cohort of 86 transplant recipients age- and sex-matched with 172 non-transplant controls. We find that transplant recipients have higher nasal SARS-CoV-2 viral abundance and impaired viral clearance, and lower anti-spike IgG levels.

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Safety, bactericidal activity, and pharmacokinetics of the antituberculosis drug candidate BTZ-043 in South Africa (PanACEA-BTZ-043-02): an open-label, dose-expansion, randomised, controlled, phase 1b/2a trial.

Lancet Microbe

December 2024

Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection, and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany; Unit Global Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Electronic address:

Background: The broad use of bedaquiline and pretomanid as the mainstay of new regimens to combat tuberculosis is a risk due to increasing bedaquiline resistance. We aimed to assess the safety, bactericidal activity, and pharmacokinetics of BTZ-043, a first-in-class DprE1 inhibitor with strong bactericidal activity in murine models.

Methods: This open-label, dose-expansion, randomised, controlled, phase 1b/2a trial was conducted in two specialised tuberculosis sites in Cape Town, South Africa.

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Effect of telehealth yoga on loneliness and social isolation among rural older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Aging Ment Health

January 2025

Integrative Health Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA.

Objectives: Loneliness and social isolation are associated with a range of deleterious health outcomes. Yoga is a mind-body physical activity that is used in health care settings and increasingly in a telehealth group format. This trial aimed to determine the effect of a brief course of telehealth yoga on loneliness among rural older adults.

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Objective: The Enduring Consensus Cervical Cancer Screening and Management Guidelines Committee developed recommendations for the use of extended genotyping results in cervical cancer prevention programs.

Methods: Risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse were calculated using data obtained with the Onclarity HPV Assay from large cohorts. Management recommendations were based on clinical action thresholds developed for the 2019 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines.

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Background: It is increasingly recognized that policies played a role in mitigating or exacerbating health inequities during the COVID-19 pandemic. While US counties were particularly active in policymaking, limited work has characterized geographic and temporal variation in pandemic-era policymaking at the local level, a prerequisite for later studies examining the health effects of these policies. This paper fills this gap by characterizing county-level COVID-19-related policy trajectories over time using a novel national policy database and innovative methods.

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Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Mental Health Crisis Line Callers Who Were Transferred to 911.

Psychiatr Serv

January 2025

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (Goldman); Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Elser); Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit (Yeh, Ma, Ahmedani); Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison (McDaniel); Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco (Foster).

Objective: This study aimed to describe the characteristics of callers to a statewide mental health crisis line who were transferred to 911 (active rescue).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined mental health crisis line calls transferred to active rescue (N=3,538 calls; N=3,132 unique callers) from the Georgia Crisis and Access Line (2016-2018). Chi-square analyses and t tests were used to examine descriptive differences between caller characteristics and call features.

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Structural insights into isoform-specific RAS-PI3Kα interactions and the role of RAS in PI3Kα activation.

Nat Commun

January 2025

NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.

Mutations in RAS and PI3Kα are major drivers of human cancer. Their interaction plays a crucial role in activating PI3Kα and amplifying the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Disrupting RAS-PI3Kα interaction enhances survival in lung and skin cancer models and reduces tumor growth and angiogenesis, although the structural details of this interaction remain unclear.

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Background And Objectives: Laboratory-based stress inductions are commonly used to elicit acute stress but vary widely in their procedures and effectiveness. We compared the effects of stress induction techniques on measures of two major biological stress systems: the early sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) and the delayed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response.

Design: A review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between stress induction techniques on cardiorespiratory and salivary measures of SAM and HPA system activity.

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Objective: Extremely premature infants are treated with acetaminophen (APAP) for pain and patent ductus arteriosus. High doses of APAP in adults are toxic, and a recent study found an association between APAP metabolite levels in mothers' breast milk and both bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in their premature infants. In this study, we determined levels of APAP metabolites in urine of infants at high risk for BPD and ROP.

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How novel structures emerge during evolution has long fascinated biologists. A dramatic example is how the diminutive bones of the mammalian middle ear arose from ancestral fish jawbones. In contrast, the evolutionary origin of the outer ear, another mammalian innovation, remains a mystery, in part because it is supported by non-mineralized elastic cartilage rarely recovered in fossils.

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Structural, psychological, and clinical barriers to HIV care engagement among adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYAH) persist globally despite gains in HIV epidemic control. Phone-based peer navigation may provide critical peer support, increase delivery flexibility, and require fewer resources. Prior studies show that phone-based navigation and automated text messaging interventions improve HIV care engagement, adherence, and retention among AYAH.

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Objectives: ImPACTS (Improving Acute Care Through Simulation) is a collaborative simulation-based program partnering pediatric specialty centers ("hubs") with general emergency departments (GEDs) to improve pediatric acute care. Objective measurements of ImPACTS, such as evaluating Pediatric Readiness Score (PRS) and simulation-based outcome improvements, have been reported previously. Barriers to and facilitators of program involvement and the downstream effects of the program have not been previously described.

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During summer, children may meet fewer 24 hours Movement Guidelines (24 hr-MGs) [moderate-vigorous physical activity (PA): ≥60 minutes/day, screen time: ≤2 hours/day, sleep: 9-11 hours/day) compared with the school year. Structured environments within community settings (, summer programs) support guideline adherence. Information about the relationship between structured home environments and 24 hr-MGs is needed.

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Objectives: Opioid use disorder (OUD) remains a common cause of overdose and mortality in the United States. Emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians often interact with patients with OUD, including during or shortly after an overdose. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients receiving prehospital buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid withdrawal in an urban EMS system.

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Introduction: The venous outflow profile (VOP) is a crucial yet often overlooked aspect affecting stroke outcomes. It plays a major role in the physiopathology of acute cerebral ischemia, as it accounts for both the upstream arterial collaterals and cerebral microperfusion. This enables it to circumvent the limitations of various arterial collateral evaluation systems, which often fail to consider impaired autoregulation and its impact on cerebral blood flow at the microcirculatory levels.

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Despite ongoing efforts to increase the number of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and in medicine, Hispanic women remain severely underrepresented in these fields. This disparity not only hinders scientific innovation and the delivery of culturally competent medical care but also perpetuates a systemic exclusion. Research specifically addressing the challenges faced by Hispanic women, the extent of underrepresentation in these disciplines, and strategies to mitigate these issues is sparce.

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Trauma-focused evidence-based psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder delivered via video telehealth in the Veterans Health Administration.

J Telemed Telecare

January 2025

Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Introduction: Trauma-focused evidence-based psychotherapy (EBP) is the recommended treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). During and after the COVID-19 pandemic, veterans began to initiate general mental health services delivered via video telehealth at high rates. Our goal in the current project was to describe the percentage as well as the demographic, military, and clinical characteristics of veterans receiving PTSD EBPs via video telehealth versus in-person.

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Whole-genome automated assembly pipeline for strains from reference, and clinical samples using the integrated CtGAP pipeline.

NAR Genom Bioinform

March 2025

Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor Mission Hall, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is pivotal for the molecular characterization of ()-the leading bacterial cause of sexually transmitted infections and infectious blindness worldwide. WGS can inform epidemiologic, public health and outbreak investigations of these human-restricted pathogens. However, challenges persist in generating high-quality genomes for downstream analyses given its obligate intracellular nature and difficulty with propagation.

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HPV-associated Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

J Neurol Surg Rep

January 2025

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) (HPV+ SNSCC) is a recently recognized entity that accounts for up to one-third of SNSCC. Although at present these cancers are not routinely tested for HPV, the incidence is increasing and HPV+ SNSCC is associated with superior survival outcomes compared with HPV- SNSCC. Here, we present the case of a patient with HPV+ SNSCC treated with endoscopic resection followed by postoperative radiation and review the literature summarizing epidemiology and management of this disease, with emphasis on the importance of HPV testing in SNSCC.

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Background: Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) have demonstrated efficacy in treating clinically significant thrombocytopenia, including chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in adults. However, data regarding their safety and efficacy in pediatric, adolescents, and young adult (AYA) patients with hematologic malignancies are limited.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 15 pediatric and AYA patients aged 25 years or younger with hematologic malignancies treated with a TPO-RA at UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals between 2015 and 2023.

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