Childhood adversity and late-life cognitive and brain health in a diverse cohort.

Introduction: Childhood adversity harms neurodevelopment. Literature on late-life brain health is limited, and findings on late-life cognition are mixed.

Methods: Pooling data from Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) and Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR) cohorts, we assessed the impact of childhood adversity (factor score from seven self-reported items) on (a) executive function and verbal memory decline using linear mixed effects models (n = 2447), (b) structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using linear regression (n = 618), and (c) amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) using generalized linear models (n = 331), all adjusting for early-life demographic and socioeconomic confounders.

Contraceptive Care Visit Objectives and Outcomes: Evidence From Burkina Faso, Pakistan, and Tanzania.

Globally, care experiences of the growing population of contraceptive users are not well-understood. We leverage a large client dataset (n = 71,602) from three countries (Burkina Faso, Pakistan, and Tanzania) to characterize contraceptive services sought (visit objective and method preference), assess whether these visit objectives were met and for whom, and explore if visit objective fulfillment was associated with care quality. Most people in all three countries said they were seeking to continue their current method or adopt a method for the first time.

Food is Medicine Interventions and Climate Change.

Food is Medicine (FiM), also known as Food as Medicine, integrates food and nutrition interventions into health care delivery with the primary goal to improve population health and address diet-related health conditions. To date, there has been little focus on the relation between FiM and climate change despite FiM's involvement with 2 key drivers of climate change: health care delivery and food systems. FiM may be able to advance lifestyle medicine and population health objectives, as well as mitigate some of the health care and food-related drivers of climate change, by focusing on 4 key areas: (1) Increasing the absolute number and proportion of patients who follow plant-based diets; (2) reducing food waste; (3) reducing unnecessary health care utilization; and (4) lowering transportation-related greenhouse gas emissions related to food procurement.

A Microsimulation Model of Mpox in Los Angeles County: Implications for Future Disease Prevention and Control Strategies among Men Who Have Sex with Men.

Background: The 2022 monkeypox (mpox) outbreak in Los Angeles County (LAC) emphasized the need to prepare for emergent infectious disease outbreaks. Vaccination and promotion of sexual risk reduction practices appeared successful in LAC, as mpox cases declined starting in August. Nonetheless, questions persisted regarding the effectiveness of targeting vaccinations and the role of sexual risk reduction in reducing mpox cases.

Cardiac Electrical and Structural Changes after Iodinated Contrast Media Administration: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis.

Iodinated contrast is commonly used for radiological procedures, with one dose delivering several hundred-fold the daily requirements needed for normal thyroid hormone production. Risks of excess iodine include incident thyroid dysfunction, which is associated with adverse cardiac outcomes, yet there are no prospective studies investigating the changes in cardiac physiology following iodine contrast administration. This study was conducted to investigate the longitudinal relationships between the amount of iodinated contrast administration and changes in cardiac electrophysiology and structure.

Comparison of Patient Outcomes Between Leadless vs Transvenous Pacemakers Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background: Evidence is limited regarding the effectiveness of leadless pacemaker implantation for conduction disturbance following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Objectives: This study sought to examine the national trends in the use of leadless pacemaker implantation following TAVR and compare its performance with transvenous pacemakers.

Methods: Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged ≥65 years who underwent leadless or transvenous pacemakers following TAVR between 2017 and 2020 were included.

A multi-component intervention to reduce bias during family planning visits: qualitative insights on implementation from Burkina Faso, Pakistan and Tanzania.

Beyond Bias was an intervention introduced in Burkina Faso, Pakistan and Tanzania, with the aim of reducing health worker bias toward young, unmarried and nulliparous women seeking family planning services. This study used qualitative methods - based on interviews with health workers who participated in the intervention, managers at health facilities that participated in the intervention, and policy and program stakeholders at the national level - to understand implementation experiences with the intervention. The results offer insights for organizations or countries seeking to implement Beyond Bias or similar programs, and point to some other key implementation challenges for multi-component interventions in lower-resource settings.

Evaluation of 3D tablet-based stereoacuity test ASTEROID in children with normal and abnormal visual acuity.

Purpose: To assess the utility of 3D, tablet-based, glasses-free Accurate STEReotest (ASTEROID) in children compared with the Titmus test.

Methods: Children aged 5-13 years were enrolled in a single-center, nonrandomized, observational comparison study and analyzed by age (5-7 vs 8-13 years) and visual acuity (20/25 or better in both eyes vs abnormal). Each participant underwent both the ASTEROID and Titmus stereoacuity tests.

Thyroid Dysfunction Risk After Iodinated Contrast Media Administration: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Analysis.

Context: Iodinated contrast media (ICM) is a common source of excess iodine in medical settings, given the common use of iodinated radiologic procedures.

Objective: To determine the long-term risks of thyroid dysfunction following iodinated contrast administration in a prospective study.

Design, Setting, Participants: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted of patients in the U.

Measuring long-term exposure to wildfire PM in California: Time-varying inequities in environmental burden.

Wildfires have become more frequent and intense due to climate change and outdoor wildfire fine particulate matter (PM) concentrations differ from relatively smoothly varying total PM. Thus, we introduced a conceptual model for computing long-term wildfire PM and assessed disproportionate exposures among marginalized communities. We used monitoring data and statistical techniques to characterize annual wildfire PM exposure based on intermittent and extreme daily wildfire PM concentrations in California census tracts (2006 to 2020).

International study of childhood leukemia in residences near electrical transformer rooms.

Objectives: New epidemiologic approaches are needed to reduce the scientific uncertainty surrounding the association between extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and childhood leukemia. While most previous studies focused on power lines, the Transformer Exposure study sought to assess this association using a multi-country study of children who had lived in buildings with built-in electrical transformers. ELF-MF in apartments above built-in transformers can be 5 times higher than in other apartments in the same building.

Tunable control of abundance and gut metabolites by co-administration of human milk oligosaccharides.

Precision engineering of the gut microbiome holds promise as an effective therapeutic approach for diseases associated with a disruption in this microbial community. Engrafting a live biotherapeutic product (LBP) in a predictable, controllable manner is key to the consistent success of this approach and has remained a challenge for most LBPs under development. We recently demonstrated high-level engraftment of subsp.

Pilot randomized controlled trial of biofeedback on reducing psychological and physiological stress among persons experiencing homelessness.

People experiencing homelessness report increased exposure to traumatic life events and higher rates of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder as compared with the general population. Heart rate variability-biofeedback (HRV-BF) has been shown to decrease symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD. However, HRV-BF has not been tested with the most vulnerable of populations, homeless adults.

Mental health among first-generation college students: Findings from the national Healthy Minds Study, 2018-2021.

A mounting body of evidence reveals that college mental health outcomes are worsening over time. That said, little is known about the mental health needs of the nearly eight million first-generation students in U.S.

Iodine-Induced Hypothyroidism and Long-Term Risks of Incident Heart Failure.

Background Although most individuals can adapt to a large iodine load and remain euthyroid, hypothyroidism can develop after iodine exposure. Hypothyroidism is associated with adverse cardiovascular consequences, including heart failure. This study was performed to investigate the relationships between iodine-induced hypothyroidism and incident heart failure.

Preliminary Pilot-Testing of Intimate Partner Violence Screening for Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) Individuals in Med-Peds and Family Medicine.

Introduction: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals, comprised of those whose gender identity does not correspond with the sex they were assigned at birth, represent approximately 1.4 million people in the U.S.

Provider-patient experiences and HIV care utilization among people living with HIV who inject drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Providers' disrespect and abuse of patients is a recognized but understudied issue affecting quality of care and likely affecting healthcare utilization. Little research has examined this issue among people living with HIV (PWH) who inject drugs, despite high stigmatization of this population. No research has examined this issue in the context of Russia.

Pesticides as a potential independent childhood leukemia risk factor and as a potential confounder for electromagnetic fields exposure.

Background: Both pesticides and high magnetic fields are suspected to be childhood leukemia risk factors. Pesticides are utilized at commercial plant nurseries, which sometimes occupy the areas underneath high-voltage powerlines.

Objectives: To evaluate whether potential pesticide exposures (intended use, chemical class, active ingredient) utilized at plant nurseries act as an independent childhood leukemia risk factor or as a confounder for proximity to, or magnetic fields exposure from, high-voltage powerlines.

Developing "Adulting for Health": Investigating the Health Needs of Neurodivergent Emerging Adults.

Introduction: Neurodivergent emerging adults - defined as individuals between the ages of 18 and 30 with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (e.g., attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, cerebral palsy, learning disabilities, seizures, developmental delays, with or without intellectual impairment) and physical and/or sensory disabilities (e.

Pregnancy, fetal, and neonatal outcomes after a first booster dose of covid-19 vaccine during pregnancy in Ontario, Canada: population based, retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To assess risk of adverse pregnancy, fetal, and neonatal outcomes after a third dose (first booster dose) of covid-19 vaccine during pregnancy among individuals who had completed both doses of primary covid-19 vaccine series before pregnancy.

Design: Population based, retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Ontario, Canada, from 20 December 2021 to 31 August 2022.

Association between spill-related exposure to fine particulate matter and peripheral motor and sensory nerve function among oil spill response and cleanup workers following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

Background: Burning/flaring of oil/gas during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) generated high concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM). Personnel working on the water during these activities may have inhaled combustion products. Neurologic effects of PM have been reported previously but few studies have examined lasting effects following disaster exposures.

Representativeness of samples enrolled in Alzheimer's disease research centers.

Unlabelled: To generalize findings on the mechanisms and prognosis in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), it is critical for ADRD research to be representative of the population. Sociodemographic and health characteristics across ethnoracial groups included in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center sample (NACC) were compared to the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Baseline NACC data ( = 36,639) and the weighted 2010 HRS wave ( = 52,071,840) were included.