Evaluation of Generative Artificial Intelligence Models in Predicting Pediatric Emergency Severity Index Levels.

Objective: Evaluate the accuracy and reliability of various generative artificial intelligence (AI) models (ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, T5, Llama-2, Mistral-Large, and Claude-3 Opus) in predicting Emergency Severity Index (ESI) levels for pediatric emergency department patients and assess the impact of medically oriented fine-tuning.

Integrating Disability Education into the Preclinical Neurology Curriculum.

Medical school curricula often lack specific disability educational content. This project, driven by medical students, identified specific disability-centered educational learning points that could be integrated into existing preclinical neurology content as part of an integrated disability curriculum.

Non-antibiotic approaches to mitigating wound infections: Potential for SSRIs and adrenergic antagonists as emerging therapeutics.

Bacterial biofilms represent a formidable challenge in the treatment of chronic wounds, largely because of their resistance to conventional antibiotics. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains exacerbates this issue, necessitating a shift towards exploring alternative therapeutic approaches. In response to this urgent need, there has been a surge in research efforts aimed at identifying effective non-antibiotic treatments.

The HET (history, electrocardiogram, and troponin) score has low efficacy and negative predictive value in a multisite U.S. cohort study.

Introduction: The History, Electrocardiogram, and Troponin (HET) score is a simplified alternative to the HEART score for risk stratifying emergency department (ED) patients with chest pain. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of the HET score for 30-day cardiac death or myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the STOP-CP multisite cohort study.

Epidermal spongiotic Langerhans cell collections, but not eosinophils, are a clue to the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis: A series of 170 clinically- and patch test-confirmed cases.

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis cannot be reliably differentiated from other forms of spongiotic/eczematous dermatitis by histology alone. Textbooks and recent studies have variably supported the specificity of dermal eosinophils, eosinophilic spongiosis, and Langerhans cell collections, among other features.

Objective: To assess which histopathologic features favor a diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis.

The lateral habenula is necessary for maternal behavior in the naturally parturient primiparous mouse dam.

Mammalian parenting is an unusually demanding commitment. How has the reward system been co-opted to ensure parental care? Previous work has implicated the lateral habenula (LHb), an epithalamic nucleus, as a potential intersection of parenting behavior and reward. Here, we examine the role of the LHb in the maternal behavior of naturally parturient primiparous mouse dams.

Natural Language Processing to Identify Infants Aged 90 Days and Younger With Fevers Prior to Presentation.

Objective: Natural language processing (NLP) can enhance research studies for febrile infants by more comprehensive cohort identification. We aimed to refine and validate an NLP algorithm to identify and extract quantified temperature measurements from infants aged 90 days and younger with fevers at home or clinics prior to emergency department (ED) visits.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using electronic health record (EHR) data from 17 EDs in 10 health systems that are part of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Registry.

Clinical Course of Isolated Recurrent, Persistent Complex Perianal Fistulas Without Luminal Crohn's Disease: A Multicenter Case Series of 24 Patients.

Background: Isolated complex perianal fistulas, without luminal evidence of inflammatory bowel disease in the gastrointestinal tract, pose diagnostic and treatment dilemmas for gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons. For patients who develop recurrent complex fistulas, a presumptive diagnosis of Crohn's disease may be made. It is unclear whether these cases of isolated perianal disease in the absence of luminal inflammation truly represent isolated severe cryptoglandular fistulas or rather an early presentation of Crohn's disease.

Transformation of a Testicular Teratoma to an Aggressive Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor.

We present a case of a 36-year-old male found to have a nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) with alpha-fetoprotein levels (AFP) of 737.9 ng/mL and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) of 692 IU/mL. Pathology analysis after left orchiectomy showed a mixed germ cell tumor with 20% embryonal carcinoma, 20% yolk sac tumor, and 60% teratoma.

Ruxolitinib-dependent reduction of seizure load and duration is accompanied by spatial memory improvement in the rat pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Molecules with optimized pharmacokinetic properties selectively aimed at the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation in brain have recently emerged as potential disease modifying therapies for epilepsy. In the current study, pharmacological inhibition of JAK1/2 with the orally available, FDA-approved drug ruxolitinib, produced nearly complete inhibition of hippocampal STAT3 phosphorylation, and reduced the expression of its downstream target Cyclin D1, when administered to rats 30 ​min and 3 ​h after onset of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). This effect was accompanied by significantly shorter seizure duration and lower overall seizure frequency throughout the 4 weeks of EEG recording, but did not completely prevent the development of epilepsy in ruxolitinib-treated male rats.

Childhood adversity and late-life cognitive and brain health in a diverse cohort.

Introduction: Childhood adversity harms neurodevelopment. Literature on late-life brain health is limited, and findings on late-life cognition are mixed.

Methods: Pooling data from Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) and Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR) cohorts, we assessed the impact of childhood adversity (factor score from seven self-reported items) on (a) executive function and verbal memory decline using linear mixed effects models (n = 2447), (b) structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using linear regression (n = 618), and (c) amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) using generalized linear models (n = 331), all adjusting for early-life demographic and socioeconomic confounders.

The TRIM37 variant rs57141087 contributes to triple-negative breast cancer outcomes in Black women.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) disproportionately affects younger Black women, who show more aggressive phenotypes and poorer outcomes than women of other racial identities. While the impact of socioenvironmental inequities within and beyond health systems is well documented, the genetic influence in TNBC-associated racial disparities remains elusive. Here, we report that cancer-free breast tissue from Black women expresses TRIM37 at a significantly higher level relative to White women.

The Impact of a Ketogenic Diet on Late-Stage Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in Mice: Efficacy and Safety Studies.

Background: High-fat diets (HFDs) have been associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. In contrast, ketogenic diets (KDs) have been shown to display anti-tumor characteristics. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of a KD on late-stage pancreatic carcinogenesis in a genetically modified mouse model of pancreatic cancer [LSL-; -Cre (KC) mice], as well as its liver safety, and to compare it to that of an HFD.