Implementation Mapping of the Collaborative University of California Teleophthalmology Initiative (CUTI): A Qualitative Study Using the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) Framework.

Background This study aimed to investigate the rationale, barriers, and facilitators of teleretinal camera implementation in primary care and endocrinology clinics for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening across University of California (UC) health systems utilizing the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) framework. Methodology Institutional representatives from UC Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, and Davis participated in a series of focus group meetings to elicit implementation facilitators and barriers for teleophthalmology programs within their campuses. Site representatives also completed a survey regarding their program's performance over the calendar year 2022 in the following areas: DR screening camera sites, payment sources and coding, screening workflows including clinical, information technology (IT), reading, results, pathologic findings, and follow-up, including patient outreach for abnormal results.

Underrepresented in Medicine Trainees' Sense of Belonging and Professional Identity Formation after Participation in the Leadership Education in Advancing Diversity Program.

Background: There are persistent structural barriers that threaten inclusion and retention of underrepresented in medicine (UIM) residents and fellows (trainees) as future faculty in academic medicine. We developed the Leadership Education in Advancing Diversity (LEAD) Program at a single, academic institution, to address these barriers through a 10-month longitudinal curriculum across Graduate Medical Education for trainees to develop leadership and scholarship skills in diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI).

Objective: Explore how participation in LEAD impacted UIM trainees' sense of belonging and professional identity formation in academic medicine as well as perceptions about pursuing a career in academic medicine and future leadership roles.

Psychiatric Manifestations in Early to Middle Stages of Fragile X-Associated Tremor-Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS).

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the psychiatric manifestations of early to middle stages of fragile X-associated tremor-ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and their relationship with executive function and cytosine-guanine-guanine (CGG) repeat numbers across genders.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from 100 participants (62 men, 38 women; mean±SD age=67.11±7.

Laboratory-based measures of executive function and daily living skills in young children with Down syndrome: informing future interventions.

Background: Adaptive behaviour refers to the practical skills necessary for independence and is considered a high-priority intervention target for children with neurogenetic conditions associated with intellectual disability, like Down syndrome (DS). Daily living skills (DLS) are a critical aspect of adaptive behaviour, but they have received little intervention attention, possibly because they involve a wide variety of skills across many settings. The present study aimed to advance DLS intervention science by examining the concurrent and longitudinal association between DLS performances and a cognitive skillset hypothesised to support DLS skill acquisition, executive function (EF).

Recommendations of the Blue Ribbon Committee II for the Optimization of Surgical Education and Training in the United States: The Surgical Trainee Perspective.

Objective: This study aims to appraise recommendations from an expert panel of surgical educators on optimizing surgical education and training in the setting of contemporary challenges.

Background: The Blue Ribbon Committee (BRC II), a group of surgical educators, was convened to make recommendations to optimize surgical training, considering the current changes in the landscape of surgical education. Surgical trainees were recruited to assess their impressions of the recommendations.

Quantitative PET imaging and modeling of molecular blood-brain barrier permeability.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of many neurological and systemic diseases. Non-invasive assessment of BBB permeability in humans has mainly been performed with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, evaluating the BBB as a structural barrier. Here, we developed a novel non-invasive positron emission tomography (PET) method in humans to measure the BBB permeability of molecular radiotracers that cross the BBB through different transport mechanisms.

Standardized reporting on studies of psychiatric pharmacist interventions.

Reporting interventions thoroughly and consistently in the literature allows for study reproducibility or implementation of the intervention into practice. Although there is currently no standard for describing Board-Certified Psychiatric Pharmacist (BCPP) interventions in the published literature, there are multiple checklists or guides that have been developed for reporting clinical interventions, including the template for intervention description and replication and the pharmacist patient care intervention reporting (PaCIR) checklist, that seek to improve the quality of reporting interventions in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to describe a proposed guide for reporting BCPP interventions in the literature by expanding the PaCIR checklist.

A practical classification scale for the dermatology management of individuals with skin of color: the colorimetric scale for skin of color.

A simple and rapid method that is not based on race and ethnicity for classifying people with skin of color is of paramount importance in dermatology. The currently used Fitzpatrick classification of sun-reactive skin types is inadequate. Newer scales that have been used in immigration surveys and sociology studies are not applicable in the office setting.

Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 Alleviated Sevoflurane-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity via Microglial Pruning of Dendritic Spines in the CA1 Region of the Hippocampus.

Sevoflurane induces developmental neurotoxicity in mice; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is essential for microglia-mediated synaptic refinement during the early stages of brain development. We explored the effects of TREM2 on dendritic spine pruning during sevoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity in mice.

A semi-automatic analytical methodology for characterizing the energy consumption of MRI systems using load duration curves.

Background And Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions from the healthcare sector, and efforts to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption rely on quantification of the characteristics of energy consumption. The purpose of this work was to develop a semi-automatic analytical methodology for the characterization of the energy consumption of MRI systems using only the load duration curve (LDC). LDCs are a fundamental tool used across various fields to analyze and understand the behavior of loads over time.

Electroencephalography Monitoring for Preventing Postoperative Delirium and Postoperative Cognitive Decline in Patients Undergoing Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery frequently encounter perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), which can include postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive decline (POCD). Currently, there is not enough evidence to support the use of electroencephalograms (EEGs) in preventing POD and POCD among cardiothoracic surgery patients. This meta-analysis examined the importance of EEG monitoring in POD and POCD.

Deceased donor kidney function and branched chain amino acid metabolism during ex vivo normothermic perfusion.

Current kidney perfusion protocols are not optimized for addressing the ex vivo physiological and metabolic needs of the kidney. Ex vivo normothermic perfusion may be utilized to distinguish high-risk kidneys to determine suitability for transplantation. Here, we assessed the association of tissue metabolic changes with changes in a kidney injury biomarker and functional parameters in eight deceased donor kidneys deemed unsuitable for transplantation during a 12-hour ex vivo normothermic perfusion.

Caregiver Perspectives on Telehealth Assessment and Other Supports for Infants with Early Developmental Concerns.

This study examined the experiences of families of children with developmental concerns in the first year of life, before formal diagnostic evaluations are typically conducted. We aimed to understand the impact of participation in a telehealth-based research evaluation in infancy, identify existing community-based supports perceived favorably by caregivers, and identify suggestions for future directions. Participants were recruited from an prior study evaluating a telehealth assessment for infants with early social communication delays.

ChoLecalciferol and ErgocAliferol Replacement iN CriTically InjurEd BuRN Patients: An Observational Cohort Study (LANTERN).

Vitamin D deficiency appears to be more prevalent than previously considered in the adult critically ill population, and specifically burn-injured patients. No definitive regimen has been shown to restore vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels more effectively to therapeutic levels in the burn-injured population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of either ergocalciferol (D2, 50,000 IU weekly) or cholecalciferol (D3, 6,000 IU daily) in adults with burns ≥ 10% TBSA.

Familial Recurrence of Autism: Updates From the Baby Siblings Research Consortium.

Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is estimated to be ∼10 times higher in children with versus without an autistic sibling in population-based studies. Prospective studies of infant siblings have revealed even higher familial recurrence rates. In the current prospective longitudinal study, we provide updated estimates of familial ASD recurrence using a multinational database of infants with older autistic siblings.

Gravidity influences distinct transcriptional profiles of maternal and fetal placental macrophages at term.

Introduction: Maternal intervillous monocytes (MIMs) and fetal Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are myeloid-derived immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface. Maternal reproductive history is associated with differential risk of pregnancy complications. The molecular phenotypes and roles of these distinct monocyte/macrophage populations and the influence of gravidity on these phenotypes has not been systematically investigated.

Association of maternal fish consumption and ω-3 supplement use during pregnancy with child autism-related outcomes: results from a cohort consortium analysis.

Background: Prenatal fish intake is a key source of omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids needed for brain development, yet intake is generally low, and studies addressing associations with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related traits are lacking.

Objective: This study aimed to examine associations of prenatal fish intake and ω-3 supplement use with both autism diagnosis and broader autism-related traits.

Methods: Participants were drawn from 32 cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort Consortium.

Corrigendum: Spindle cell lipoma: a rare case report on the hallux.

The original article was published on February 15, 2024 and corrected on April 15, 2024.The revised version of the article corrects Figure 2. The changes appear in the revised online PDF copy of this article.

Blue Ribbon Committee II Faculty Development: Report of the Subcommittee on Faculty Development and Educational Support.

The American College of Surgeons, the American Board of Surgery, and the American Surgical Association have created a Blue Ribbon Committee II to evaluate the current status of surgical education in the United States. As part of this endeavor, a subcommittee was formed to address issues pertinent to the development of surgical faculty as teachers. This entailed multiple discussions among a group of experienced surgical educators, a review of the literature, and a Delphi analysis of possible suggested improvements for faculty educational support, resulting in a final set of recommendations for improvement for future surgical faculty development.

Integrated Safety and Efficacy Analyses of Phase 3 Trials of a Microbiome Therapeutic for Recurrent CDI.

Introduction: Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) often occurs after standard-of-care antibiotics. VOWST oral spores (VOS, previously SER-109), an FDA-approved orally administered microbiome therapeutic, is indicated to prevent rCDI following antibiotics for rCDI.

Objective, Design, And Patients: To evaluate safety and efficacy of VOS from two phase 3 trials, (randomized, placebo-controlled [ECOSPOR III: NCT03183128] and open-label, single arm [ECOSPOR IV: NCT03183141]) of 349 adults with rCDI and prevalent comorbidities.

A review of prospective studies regarding percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation treatment in the management of chronic pain.

Conventionally, peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) for treatment of chronic pain has involved a two-stage process: a short-term (e.g., 7 days) trial and, if significant pain relief is achieved, a permanent PNS system is implanted.

Longitudinal follow-up of metformin treatment in Fragile X Syndrome.

Introduction: Metformin has been used as a targeted treatment to potentially improve cognition and slow the typical IQ decline that occurs during development among individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS). In this follow-up study, we are following the trajectory of IQ and adaptive behavior changes over 1 to 3 years in individuals with FXS who are clinically treated with metformin in an open label trial.

Method: Individuals with FXS ages 6 to 25 years (mean 13.