Validation of the self-reported diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension in Iran; STEPS 2016.

Purpose: As a part of STEPwise approach to risk factor Surveillance (STEPS) study, our aim was to evaluate the validity of the self-reported diagnosis of diabetes (DM), hypertension (HTN), and hypercholesterolemia (Hyper-Chol) in the Iranian population.

Methods: Using systematic proportional to size cluster sampling, 27,232 participants were included in our study. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) to assess the validity of self-reported diagnoses.

Analysis of Common Exercise Modalities in Improving Athletic Performance in Older Adults: A Narrative Review.

Exercise leads to robust cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and psychological benefits that improve quality of life and longevity for older adults, but accompanying improvements in athletic parameters are less well explored. The aim of this review is to summarize some of the most common exercise modalities, namely, Pilates, martial arts (tai chi, Japanese-style karate, hard martial arts), locomotion (brisk walking/jogging and running), Masters sports, resistance training, and high-intensity interval training, in improving athletic performance for older adults. Regular participation in these activities can have robust yet unique impacts on physical performance that prolong exercise participation.

Learning from data in dentistry: Summary of the third annual OpenWide conference.

The overarching goal of the third scientific oral health symposium was to introduce the concept of a learning health system to the dental community and to identify and discuss cutting-edge research and strategies using data for improving the quality of dental care and patient safety. Conference participants included clinically active dentists, dental researchers, quality improvement experts, informaticians, insurers, EHR vendors/developers, and members of dental professional organizations and dental service organizations. This report summarizes the main outputs of the third annual OpenWide conference held in Houston, Texas, on October 12, 2022, as an affiliated meeting of the American Dental Association (ADA) 2022 annual conference.

Adherence determination using urine-tenofovir point-of-care testing and pharmacy refill records: A cross-sectional study.

Pharmacy refill records (PRR), are an accessible strategy for estimating adherence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, the low-cost urine-tenofovir point-of-care test opens up the possibility of an objective metric of adherence that is scalable to LMICs. This study compared adherence to tenofovir-based regimens using urine-tenofovir point-of-care (POC) test with pharmacy refill records in a Nigerian population of HIV-positive persons.

Retinal arteriolar parameters as a surrogate marker of intracranial vascular pathology.

Introduction: Development of novel diagnostic tools is a top research priority in vascular dementia. A major obstacle is the lack of a simple, non-invasive method to visualize cerebral arteriolar walls in vivo. Retinal arterioles offer a window into the cerebral circulation.

Recent advancements in the molecular biology of pituitary adenomas.

Introduction: Pituitary adenomas are a common and diverse group of intracranial tumors arising from the anterior pituitary that are usually slow-growing and benign, but still pose a significant healthcare burden to patients. Additionally, they are increasing in both incidence and prevalence, leading to a need for better understanding of molecular changes in the development of these tumors.

Areas Covered: A PubMed literature search was conducted using the terms 'pituitary adenoma' in combination with keywords related to secretory subtype: lactotroph, somatotroph, corticotroph, gonadotroph and null cell, in addition to their transcription factor expression: PIT1, TPIT, and SF-1.

Cross-national harmonization of cognitive measures across HRS HCAP (USA) and LASI-DAD (India).

Background: As global populations age, cross-national comparisons of cognitive health and dementia risk are increasingly valuable. It remains unclear, however, whether country-level differences in cognitive function are attributable to population differences or bias due to incommensurate measurement. To demonstrate an effective method for cross-national comparison studies, we aimed to statistically harmonize measures of episodic memory and language function across two population-based cohorts of older adults in the United States (HRS HCAP) and India (LASI-DAD).

Surgical Trainees and The Geriatric Patient: A Scoping Review.

Objective: There is an increasing emphasis on surgical trainees learning how to appropriately provide care for the geriatric patient. We hypothesized that little published formal curriculum on the topic exists. We sought to perform a scoping review to test this hypothesis.

Uniform data set language measures for bvFTD and PPA diagnosis and monitoring.

Introduction: The Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Module (FTLD-MOD) includes a neuropsychological battery designed to assess the clinical features of FTLD, although much is unknown about its utility. We investigated FTLD-MOD and Uniform Data Set 3.0 (UDS) language tests for differential diagnosis and disease monitoring.

[Pediatric pain treatment and prevention for hospitalized children].

Introduction: Prevention and treatment of pain in pediatric patients compared with adults is often not only inadequate but also less often implemented the younger the children are. Children 0 to 17 years are a vulnerable population.

Objectives: To address the prevention and treatment of acute and chronic pain in children, including pain caused by needles, with recommended analgesic starting doses.

Development and validation of the Uniform Data Set (v3.0) executive function composite score (UDS3-EF).

Introduction: Cognitive composite scores offer a means of precisely measuring executive functioning (EF).

Methods: We developed the Uniform Data Set v3.0 EF composite score (UDS3-EF) in 3507 controls from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center dataset using item-response theory and applied nonlinear and linear demographic adjustments.

Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Levels Differ Along the Spectra of Amyloid Burden and Clinical Disease Stage.

Background: Measuring plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) alongside cortical amyloid-β (Aβ) may shed light on astrocytic changes in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: To examine associations between plasma GFAP and cortical Aβ deposition in older adults across the typical aging-to-AD dementia spectrum.

Methods: We studied two independent samples from UCSF (Cohort 1, N = 50; Cohort 2, N = 37) covering the spectra of clinical severity (CDR Sum of Boxes; CDR-SB) and Aβ-PET burden.

Immunopathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa and response to anti-TNF-α therapy.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a highly prevalent, morbid inflammatory skin disease with limited treatment options. The major cell types and inflammatory pathways in skin of patients with HS are poorly understood, and which patients will respond to TNF-α blockade is currently unknown. We discovered that clinically and histologically healthy appearing skin (i.

TGFβ biology in cancer progression and immunotherapy.

TGFβ signalling has key roles in cancer progression: most carcinoma cells have inactivated their epithelial antiproliferative response and benefit from increased TGFβ expression and autocrine TGFβ signalling through effects on gene expression, release of immunosuppressive cytokines and epithelial plasticity. As a result, TGFβ enables cancer cell invasion and dissemination, stem cell properties and therapeutic resistance. TGFβ released by cancer cells, stromal fibroblasts and other cells in the tumour microenvironment further promotes cancer progression by shaping the architecture of the tumour and by suppressing the antitumour activities of immune cells, thus generating an immunosuppressive environment that prevents or attenuates the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies.

Behavioral indicators of succeeding and failing under higher-challenge compulsion-like alcohol drinking in rat.

Intake despite negative consequences (compulsivity) contributes strongly to the harm of alcohol use disorder, making the underlying psychological and circuit mechanisms of great importance. To gain insight into possible underlying action strategies, we compared rat licking microstructure across compulsion-like and non-compulsive conditions. We previously showed that drinking under a moderate-challenge, quinine-alcohol model (Alc-ModQ) shows less variable responding in many measures, suggesting a more automatic strategy to overcome challenge.