5,159 results match your criteria: "University of California at Davis[Affiliation]"

Virgin olive oil (VOO) quality is defined by both chemical and sensory parameters. While the chemical parameters are objective and measured using instrument-based methods, sensory quality evaluation is based upon human panels, which can be subjective, have less repeatability, suffer from fatigue, and require long and costly training. Tasting biases could be minimized by a trained panel, but using humans as a testing instrument is inevitably prone to various psychological biases, stimulus-related factors, and carry-over effects.

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Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common inherited neurological disorder that can lead to the development of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), a highly aggressive form of sarcoma. Current treatment options for MPNSTs are limited, with poor prognosis and high recurrence rates. This study aims to explore the potential of targeting the Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and Ras interaction as a novel therapeutic strategy for MPNSTs.

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Secondary metabolites often function as antipredator defenses, but when bioactive at low concentrations, their off-target effects on other organisms may be overlooked. Candidate "keystone molecules" are proposed to affect community structure and ecosystem functions, generally originating as defenses of primary producers; the broader effects of animal chemistry remain largely unexplored, however. Here, we characterize five previously unreported polyketides (alderenes A to E) biosynthesized by sea slugs reaching exceptional densities (up to 9000 slugs per square meter) in Northern Hemisphere estuaries.

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Article Synopsis
  • The paper focuses on improving the estimation of the central space crucial for sufficient dimension reduction (SDR), especially in the presence of collinear predictors.
  • The authors introduce a generalized envelope model, allowing for semiparametric estimation without strong distributional assumptions, enhancing flexibility in statistical analyses.
  • Their new methods, shown to be robust and accurate through simulations, suggest improvements in predictive capabilities, demonstrating practical applications in a heart failure study and potential synergy with machine learning techniques.
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The long-term effects of COVID-19 on lung function are not understood, especially for periods extending beyond 1 year after infection. This observational, longitudinal study investigated lung function in Mexican Hispanics who experienced severe COVID-19, focusing on how the length of recovery affects lung function improvements. At a specialized COVID-19 follow-up clinic in Yucatan, Mexico, lung function and symptoms were assessed in patients who had recovered from severe COVID-19.

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Atrial leadless pacemaker implant using Aveir VR in an adolescent with congenital heart disease.

Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J

October 2024

Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of California at Davis, 2315 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Pediatric patients with congenital heart disease may experience sinus node dysfunction, and leadless pacemakers offer a viable alternative to traditional pacing methods.
  • The study involved a 16-year-old male with complex heart issues who successfully received a leadless pacemaker implanted in the atrium, monitored for safety and effectiveness.
  • Follow-up showed stable pacemaker function and promising longevity predictions, indicating this procedure is safe for older pediatric patients.
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Debunking the GAMLSS myth: Simplicity reigns in pulmonary function diagnostics.

Respir Med

October 2024

Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Rationale: Current technical standards advocate using Generalized, Additive Models of Location, Scale, and Shape (GAMLSS) for lung function reference equations. These equations are complicated and require supplementary spline tables.

Objective: (1) To demonstrate that segmented (piecewise) linear regression (SLR) yields prediction accuracies similar to GAMLSS in pulmonary function diagnostics.

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Objective: Compare changes in SpO and FiO post-birth among preterm infants after delayed cord clamping (DCC), umbilical cord milking (UCM) or early cord clamping (ECC).

Study Design: Retrospective study of infants <32 weeks gestation born between 2014 and 2021. ECC was clamping 0-59 s, DCC was clamping ≥60 s after delivery, UCM defined as milking the intact umbilical cord several times before clamping.

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Toward a better understanding of T cell dysregulation in autism: An integrative review.

Brain Behav Immun

January 2025

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis, CA, USA; The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • * Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and altered T cell activity are significant immune irregularities observed in ASD, suggesting a potential connection to neurodevelopment and behavior.
  • * The review focuses on how dysregulated T cell functions may contribute to both the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of ASD, as well as related health issues like allergies and gut inflammation.
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Background And Purpose: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is characterized by mesangial matrix expansion that involves dysfunctional mesangial cells (MCs). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to delineate the spatiotemporal contribution of adrenergic signalling in diabetic kidney fibrosis to reveal potential therapeutic targets.

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Classifying compounds as prebiotics - scientific perspectives and recommendations.

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

October 2024

International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO, USA.

Microbiomes provide key contributions to health and potentially important therapeutic targets. Conceived nearly 30 years ago, the prebiotic concept posits that targeted modulation of host microbial communities through the provision of selectively utilized growth substrates provides an effective approach to improving health. Although the basic tenets of this concept remain the same, it is timely to address certain challenges pertaining to prebiotics, including establishing that prebiotic-induced microbiota modulation causes the health outcome, determining which members within a complex microbial community directly utilize specific substrates in vivo and when those microbial effects sufficiently satisfy selectivity requirements, and clarification of the scientific principles on which the term 'prebiotic' is predicated to inspire proper use.

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Current surgical practices in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have advanced and include significant changes and improvements in alignment philosophies, femorotibial implant conformities, and ligament management to replicate in vivo knee kinematics. While corrective measures have emphasized sagittal plane alignment to restore normal flexion-extension (F-E) motion and coronal plane ligament balance, internal-external (I-E) rotation kinematics in the axial plane have been largely neglected. Recent in vivo evidence indicates that the combination of factors necessary to closely restore native tibial rotation as the knee flexes and extends is kinematic alignment (KA), which resurfaces the patient's pre-arthritic knee without releasing ligaments, an insert with medial 1:1 ball-in-socket conformity and a lateral flat surface, and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) retention.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their metabolites are linked to developmental neurotoxicity, but their levels in the gestational and lactational environment remain unexplored. This study investigated the effects of dietary exposure to the Fox River Mixture (FRM) on serum levels of PCBs and their metabolites in female C57BL/6 J mice. Mice were exposed to 0.

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Gut microbiome pattern impacts treatment response in primary biliary cholangitis.

Med

September 2024

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

Background: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a progressive autoimmune liver disease. An inadequate response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) poses a high risk of progression toward end-stage liver disease. Gut dysbiosis has been implicated in PBC.

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The American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable strategic plan: Lung cancer in women.

Cancer

December 2024

Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Wilmot Cancer Institute, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.

Lung cancer in women is a modern epidemic and represents a global health crisis. Cigarette smoking remains the most important risk factor for lung cancer in all patients and, among women globally, rates of smoking continue to increase. Although some data exist supporting sex-based differences across the continuum of lung cancer, there is currently a dearth of research exploring the differences in risk, biology, and treatment outcomes in women.

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Performance Comparison of DOI-Encoding PET Detectors Based on 1.1-mm Pitch BGO Arrays With Different Reflectors.

IEEE Trans Radiat Plasma Med Sci

March 2024

Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis and now is with the Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94107 USA.

Bismuth germanate (BGO)-based positron emission tomography (PET) detectors are potential candidates for low-dose imaging PET scanners, owing to the high stopping power and low background radiation of BGO. In this paper, we compared the performance of two dual-ended readout PET detectors based on 15 × 15 BGO arrays. Both arrays had the same 1.

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Impacts of Elevated CO and a Nitrogen Supply on the Growth of Faba Beans ( L.) and the Nitrogen-Related Soil Bacterial Community.

Plants (Basel)

September 2024

National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Centre of Excellence for Soil Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.

Ecosystems that experience elevated CO (eCO) are crucial interfaces where intricate interactions between plants and microbes occur. This study addressed the impact of eCO and a N supply on faba bean ( L.) growth and the soil microbial community in auto-controlled growth chambers.

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Article Synopsis
  • Elevated CO levels can negatively impact wheat growth and quality, leading to reduced productivity.
  • The study found that nitrogen supplementation helps counteract the adverse effects of increased CO by enhancing photosynthesis and biomass production in wheat.
  • Increased nitrogen also promotes a more diverse and balanced soil microbial community, which is vital for nutrient availability and plant health in changing environmental conditions.
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Unlabelled: Quantitative total-body PET imaging of blood flow can be performed with freely diffusible flow radiotracers such as O-water and C-butanol, but their short half-lives necessitate close access to a cyclotron. Past efforts to measure blood flow with the widely available radiotracer F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) were limited to tissues with high F-FDG extraction fraction. In this study, we developed an early-dynamic F-FDG PET method with high temporal resolution kinetic modeling to assess total-body blood flow based on deriving the vascular transit time of F-FDG and conducted a pilot comparison study against a C-butanol reference.

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Background: California is a leading agricultural state and with that, has significant applications of pesticides. Levels of exposure have been measured to be higher among residents in agricultural areas, but measures of personal inhalation exposure to a wide range of pesticides are lacking. Community members in the San Joaquin Valley have expressed concern over pesticide exposures.

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Purpose: During kinematically aligned (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the surgeon may need to rectify an over-resection of the medial, lateral or posterior tibia. This study tested the hypothesis that a bone graft taken from the tibial resection or patella and impacted beneath a tibial baseplate would heal, regardless of whether the tibial component and knee were in outlier ranges according to mechanical alignment (MA) criteria. The study also tested the hypothesis that the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS JR) would improve beyond the substantial clinical benefit and that the source and thickness of the bone graft would not influence their improvement.

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Volcanic glass beads date lunar magmatism to 120 million years ago.

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Flower drop is a major cause for yield loss in many crops. Previously, we found that the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION-Like (SlIDL6) gene contributes to flower drop induced by low light. However, the molecular mechanisms by which SlIDL6 acts as a signal to regulate low light-induced abscission remain unclear.

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Slow recovery in trophic structure of restored wetlands in Northeast China.

Sci Total Environ

November 2024

State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China.

Article Synopsis
  • Wetland restoration efforts globally aim to reverse biodiversity loss, but evaluations often focus more on species makeup rather than how food webs are affected.
  • A study in Northeast China used stable isotope analysis to show that restored wetlands have less complex trophic structures compared to natural wetlands, evidenced by lower trophic positions and dependence on different organic matter sources.
  • The research indicates that while species composition may recover, the food web dynamics in restored wetlands still need significant improvement, highlighting the need for future restoration plans to enhance habitat diversity and resource availability.
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