Evaluating the Use of Dexamethasone in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: The American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS) strongly recommends the use of dexamethasone in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) due to its therapeutic effects. However, use in diabetic patients is controversial due to safety. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine safety: (1) calculating the post-operative glucose levels; (2) finding the ideal dexamethasone dosing regimen; and (3) reporting complications of dexamethasone administration in diabetic patients undergoing TJA.

A Linker Histone Acts as a Transcription Factor to Orchestrate Malic Acid Accumulation in Apple in Response to Sorbitol.

High carbohydrate availability promotes malic acid accumulation in fleshy fruits, but the underlying mechanism is not known. Here, we show that antisense repression of ALDOSE-6-PHOSPHATE REDUCTASE in apple (Malus domestica) decreases the concentrations of sorbitol and malate and the transcript levels of several genes involved in vacuolar malate transport, including the aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT) gene MdALMT9 (Ma1), the P-ATPase gene MdPH5, the MYB transcription factor gene MdMYB73, and the cold-induced basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor gene MdCIbHLH1, in fruit and leaves. We identified a linker histone H1 variant, MdH1.

A 36-Year-Old Patient With Crohn Disease and Bilateral Pleural Effusions.

A 36-year-old man with severe Crohn disease complicated by urethral strictures and enterocutaneous and enterovesicular fistulas presented for several weeks of poor appetite, weight loss, failure to thrive, and newly worsening altered mentation. Further history revealed he chronically did not urinate through his urethra, but rather "leaked" through multiple enterocutaneous fistulas in his abdomen and perineum. Medications included ustekinumab (anti-IL12/IL23 monoclonal antibody) for Crohn disease, methadone, and hydrocodone.

Acetabular dysplasia and the risk of developing hip osteoarthritis within 4-8 years: An individual participant data meta-analysis of 18,807 hips from the World COACH consortium.

Objective: To study the association between various radiographic definitions of acetabular dysplasia (AD) and incident radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA), and to analyze in subgroups.

Methods: Hips free of RHOA at baseline and with follow-up within 4-8 years were drawn from the World COACH consortium. The Wiberg center edge angle (WCEA), acetabular depth width ratio (ADR), and the modified acetabular index (mAI) were calculated.

The Dolicholatiridae and Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea.

We describe one species of Dolicholatiridae and 30 species of Fasciolariidae from the Miocene of the Central Paratethys Sea. The first records of the family Dolicholatiridae and of the Fasciolariidae genus Takashius are documented from the Neogene of Europe, and we describe a first Miocene radiation of the extant Mediterranean Fusininae Pseudofusus. The Dolicholatiridae Dulaiania nov.

The TRIM37 variant rs57141087 contributes to triple-negative breast cancer outcomes in Black women.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) disproportionately affects younger Black women, who show more aggressive phenotypes and poorer outcomes than women of other racial identities. While the impact of socioenvironmental inequities within and beyond health systems is well documented, the genetic influence in TNBC-associated racial disparities remains elusive. Here, we report that cancer-free breast tissue from Black women expresses TRIM37 at a significantly higher level relative to White women.

Not All Fluctuations Are Created Equal: Spontaneous Variations in Thermodynamic Function.

We identify macroscopic functioning arising during a thermodynamic system's typical and atypical behaviors, thereby describing system operations over the entire set of fluctuations. We show how to use the information processing second law to determine functionality for atypical realizations and how to calculate the probability of distinct modalities occurring via the large-deviation rate function, extended to include highly correlated, memoryful environments and systems. Altogether, the results complete a theory of functional fluctuations for complex thermodynamic nanoscale systems operating over finite periods.

The importance of developing reproducible primary endpoints for clinical trials in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To evaluate the current usage of reproducible primary endpoints and tools for assessing treatment response for clinical trials for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and emphasize the need for developing standardized, reproducible endpoints in this context.

Method: A comprehensive review of Phase II and III SLE biologic trials from the past 15 years was conducted using PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov.

Biological validation of peak-width of skeletonized mean diffusivity as a VCID biomarker: The MarkVCID Consortium.

Background: Peak-width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), a neuroimaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), has shown excellent instrumental properties. Here, we extend our work to perform a biological validation of PSMD.

Methods: We included 396 participants from the Biomarkers for Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (MarkVCID-1) Consortium and three replication samples (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology = 6172, Rush University Medical Center = 287, University of California Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research Center = 567).

A double knockout for zinc transporter 8 and somatostatin in mice reveals their distinct roles in regulation of insulin secretion and obesity.

Background: Both zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) and somatostatin (Sst) play crucial roles in the regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion. However, the interaction between them in controlling glucose metabolism was not well understood. The aim of this study was to explore the interactive effects of a double knockout of Znt8 and Sst on insulin and glucose metabolism in mice.

Stereological Analysis of the Rhesus Monkey Perirhinal and Parahippocampal Cortices.

The perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices are key components of the medial temporal lobe memory system. Despite their essential roles in mnemonic and perceptual functions, there is limited quantitative information regarding their structural characteristics. Here, we implemented design-based stereological techniques to provide estimates of neuron number, neuronal soma size, and volume of the different layers and subdivisions of the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices in adult macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta, 5-9 years of age).

Feasibility of PET-enabled dual-energy CT imaging: First physical phantom and initial patient study results.

Purpose: Dual-energy (DE) CT enables material decomposition by using two different x-ray energies and may be combined with PET for improved multimodality imaging. However, this increases radiation dose and may require a hardware upgrade due to the added second x-ray CT scan. The recently proposed PET-enabled DECT method allows dual-energy imaging using a conventional PET/CT scanner without the need to change scanner hardware or increase radiation exposure.

WMH Contributions to Cognitive Impairment: Rationale and Design of the Diverse VCID Study.

As awareness of dementia increases, more individuals with minor cognitive complaints are requesting clinical assessment. Neuroimaging studies frequently identify incidental white matter hyperintensities, raising patient concerns about their brain health and future risk for dementia. Moreover, current US demographics indicate that ≈50% of these individuals will be from diverse backgrounds by 2060.

Cerebrovascular markers of WMH and infarcts in ADNI: A historical perspective and future directions.

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and infarcts found on magnetic resonance imaging (MR infarcts) are common biomarkers of cerebrovascular disease. In this review, we summarize the methods, publications, and conclusions stemming from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) related to these measures. We combine analysis of WMH and MR infarct data from across the three main ADNI cohorts with a review of existing literature discussing new methodologies and scientific findings derived from these data.

The histone deacetylase RhHDA15 represses petal senescence by epigenetically regulating reactive oxygen species homeostasis in rose.

Epigenetic modifications play vital roles in many biological processes. Flower senescence involves epigenetic factors that influence the chromatin state and gene expression. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the role of histone deacetylation in regulating flower senescence has not been elucidated.

VEGF inhibition increases expression of HIF-regulated angiogenic genes by the RPE limiting the response of wet AMD eyes to aflibercept.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD) is the leading cause of severe vision loss in the elderly in the developed world. While the introduction of therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has provided the first opportunity to significantly improve vision in patients with nvAMD, many patients respond inadequately to current anti-VEGF therapies. It was recently demonstrated that expression of a second angiogenic mediator, angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), synergizes with VEGF to promote choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mice and correlates with reduced response to anti-VEGF therapy in patients with nvAMD.