Patient perspective on exercise practices, preferences, and barriers in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A multicenter survey.

Background/aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent among children, and lifestyle modification is the primary treatment approach. However, the optimal exercise duration, frequency, and intensity for managing NAFLD remain undefined. This study aimed to gain insights from the patient perspective by examining exercise behaviors, preferences, and barriers in children with NAFLD.

Characterizing cognitive profiles in diverse middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (HCHS/SOL).

Introduction: We investigated cognitive profiles among diverse, middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latino adults in the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA) cohort using a cross-sectional observational study design.

Methods: Based on weighted descriptive statistics, the average baseline age of the target population was 56.4 years, slightly more than half were women (54.

Identification of a Musashi2 translocation as a novel oncogene in myeloid leukemia.

Myeloid leukemias, diseases marked by aggressiveness and poor outcomes, are frequently triggered by oncogenic translocations. In the case of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) the BCR-ABL fusion initiates chronic phase disease with second hits allowing progression to blast crisis. Although Gleevec has been transformative for CML, blast crisis CML remains relatively drug resistant.

Pediatric basilar skull fractures from multi-level falls: A systematic review and retrospective analysis.

Objective: Multi-level fall (MLF) accounts for 26.5%-37.7% of traumatic pediatric basilar skull fractures (BSFs).

White matter changes in empirically derived incident MCI subtypes in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in empirically derived incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes.

Methods: We evaluated 188 participants with incident MCI in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA) identified as having one of four cluster-derived subtypes: subtle cognitive impairment, amnestic, dysnomic, and dysexecutive. We used linear regression models to evaluate whole brain and regional WMH volumes.

Objective subtle cognitive decline and plasma phosphorylated tau181: Early markers of Alzheimer's disease-related declines.

Introduction: Objectively-defined subtle cognitive decline (Obj-SCD) and plasma phosphorylated-tau181 (p-tau181) are promising early Alzheimer's disease (AD) markers. However, associations between Obj-SCD and p-tau181, and their combined prognostic potential, are unknown.

Methods: Baseline and 4-year longitudinal p-tau181 changes were compared across cognitively unimpaired (CU;  = 402), Obj-SCD ( = 199), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI;  = 346) groups.

Rasagiline effects on glucose metabolism, cognition, and tau in Alzheimer's dementia.

Background: A Phase II proof of concept (POC) randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of rasagiline, a monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor approved for Parkinson disease, in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). The primary objective was to determine if 1 mg of rasagiline daily for 24 weeks is associated with improved regional brain metabolism (fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography [FDG-PET]) compared to placebo. Secondary objectives included measurement of effects on tau PET and evaluation of directional consistency of clinical end points.

Elevated Glycated Hemoglobin Is Associated With Liver Fibrosis, as Assessed by Elastography, in a Population-Based Study of Mexican Americans.

Diabetes is associated with liver disease and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we evaluated the association between liver fibrosis measured by transient elastography and four glucose metabolism measures in the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, a population-based, randomly selected cohort of Mexican American Hispanics with high rates of diabetes and liver cancer. We measured liver fibrosis (a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma) in 774 well-characterized cohort participants using transient elastography.

Photo-Disassembly of Membrane Microdomains Revives Conventional Antibiotics against MRSA.

Confronted with the rapid evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatment strategies for drug-resistant pathogens. Here, an unconventional approach is presented to restore the susceptibility of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) to a broad spectrum of conventional antibiotics via photo-disassembly of functional membrane microdomains. The photo-disassembly of microdomains is based on effective photolysis of staphyloxanthin, the golden carotenoid pigment that gives its name.

Asthma status moderates the relationship between neighbourhood disadvantage and obesity in African American adolescent females.

Introduction: Significant health disparities exist in asthma and obesity for African American youths. Successful interventions present an opportunity to address these disparities but require detailed study in order to ensure generalizability. This study investigated the intersection of obesity, neighbourhood disadvantage, and asthma.

Biomarkers of Inflammation and Fibrosis in Kawasaki Disease Patients Years After Initial Presentation With Low Ejection Fraction.

Background Coronary artery aneurysms and myocarditis are well-recognized complications of Kawasaki disease (KD) but no systematic evaluation of the consequences of myocarditis has been performed in the subset presenting with low ejection fraction (EF). We postulated that more severe myocardial inflammation as evidenced by low EF during the acute phase could lead to late myocardial fibrosis. Methods and Results We measured the carboxyterminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PIPC), soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity 2, galectin-3 (Gal-3), growth-differentiation factor-15, and calprotectin by ELISA in late convalescent blood samples from 16 KD patients who had an EF ≤55% on their initial echocardiogram.

Risk Model Development and Validation for Prediction of Coronary Artery Aneurysms in Kawasaki Disease in a North American Population.

Background Accurate prediction of coronary artery aneurysms ( CAAs ) in patients with Kawasaki disease remains challenging in North American cohorts. We sought to develop and validate a risk model for CAA prediction. Methods and Results A binary outcome of CAA was defined as left anterior descending or right coronary artery Z score ≥2.

Image-based detection and targeting of therapy resistance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a pre-malignant lesion that can progress to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, a highly lethal malignancy marked by its late stage at clinical presentation and profound drug resistance. The genomic alterations that commonly occur in pancreatic cancer include activation of KRAS2 and inactivation of p53 and SMAD4 (refs 2-4). So far, however, it has been challenging to target these pathways therapeutically; thus the search for other key mediators of pancreatic cancer growth remains an important endeavour.

Leveraging Big Data to Improve Health Awareness Campaigns: A Novel Evaluation of the Great American Smokeout.

Background: Awareness campaigns are ubiquitous, but little is known about their potential effectiveness because traditional evaluations are often unfeasible. For 40 years, the "Great American Smokeout" (GASO) has encouraged media coverage and popular engagement with smoking cessation on the third Thursday of November as the nation's longest running awareness campaign.

Objective: We proposed a novel evaluation framework for assessing awareness campaigns using the GASO as a case study by observing cessation-related news reports and Twitter postings, and cessation-related help seeking via Google, Wikipedia, and government-sponsored quitlines.

Web based tools for visualizing imaging data and development of XNATView, a zero footprint image viewer.

Advances in web technologies now allow direct visualization of imaging data sets without necessitating the download of large file sets or the installation of software. This allows centralization of file storage and facilitates image review and analysis. XNATView is a light framework recently developed in our lab to visualize DICOM images stored in The Extensible Neuroimaging Archive Toolkit (XNAT).

The Role of the spv Genes in Salmonella Pathogenesis.

Salmonella strains cause three main types of diseases in people: gastroenteritis, enteric (typhoid) fever, and non-typhoid extra-intestinal disease with bacteremia. Genetic analysis indicates that each clinical syndrome requires distinct sets of virulence genes, and Salmonella isolates differ in their constellation of virulence traits. The spv locus is strongly associated with strains that cause non-typhoid bacteremia, but are not present in typhoid strains.