Maxillary hypoplasia in the cleft patient: contribution of orthodontic dental space closure to orthognathic surgery.

Background: Cleft lip and palate surgery in the developing child is known to be associated with maxillary hypoplasia. However, the effects of nonsurgical manipulations on maxillary growth have not been well investigated. The authors present the contribution of orthodontic dental space closure with canine substitution to maxillary hypoplasia and the need for orthognathic surgery.

Stage 0 osteonecrosis of the jaw in a patient on denosumab.

Osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) is a complex disease involving multiple tissue and cell-type responses to wound healing or infection. AAOMS defines bisphosphonate related ONJ (BRONJ) as exposed, necrotic bone in the maxillofacial region that has persisted for more than 8 weeks in a patient with current or previous antiresorptive treatment, without a history of radiation therapy to the jaws. Since the first reported ONJ cases in 2003 and 2004, there has been little advancement in understanding the etiology and pathophysiology of ONJ.

Screw-access marking: a technique to simplify retrieval of cement-retained implant prostheses.

One of the commonly cited disadvantages of cement-retained implant prostheses is their inability to be retrievable. The screw-access marking technique discussed in this article allows for any clinician, at any time, to simply and predictably retrieve the cemented implant prosthesis. By applying a discrete, but easily recognizable, marking on the occlusal surface of the restoration, the entry point into the screw-access chamber can be precisely and safely created.

Abutment emergence modification for immediate implant provisional restorations.

Unlabelled: In their stock form, some titanium provisional implant abutments are not ideally designed for use in immediate placement/immediate provisional restoration treatment. This is largely due to the apical flare design that applies excessive pressure to the peri-implant soft tissue complex and crestal bone. This appears to have the undesirable effect of increasing peri-implant bone resorption and severely impeding the potential for increases in gingival volume.

Early maternal exposure to children's oral health may be correlated with lower early childhood caries prevalence in their children.

Subjects: In 2002, women (n = 649) expecting their first child were enrolled in a study to prevent severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). Women were randomized into an intervention group (n = 327) and a control group (n = 322), and both groups were followed for 20 months. Results from this early follow-up period have been published elsewhere.

Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for oral and systemic diseases.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells whose self-renewal, multipotency, and immunosuppressive functions have been investigated for therapeutic applications. MSCs have used for various systemic organ regenerative therapies, allowing rescue of tissue function in damaged or failing organs. This article reviews the regenerative and immunomodulatory functions of MSCs and their applications in dental, orofacial, and systemic tissue regeneration and treatment of inflammatory disorders.

Breast cancer exosome-like microvesicles and salivary gland cells interplay alters salivary gland cell-derived exosome-like microvesicles in vitro.

Saliva is a useful biofluid for the early detection of disease, but how distal tumors communicate with the oral cavity and create disease-specific salivary biomarkers remains unclear. Using an in vitro breast cancer model, we demonstrated that breast cancer-derived exosome-like microvesicles are capable of interacting with salivary gland cells, altering the composition of their secreted exosome-like microvesicles. We found that the salivary gland cells secreted exosome-like microvesicles encapsulating both protein and mRNA.

Prosthodontic treatment of a patient taking nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates to preserve the integrity of the epithelial attachment: a clinical report.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw has been identified in recent years as an unfortunate potential side effect for patients taking nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates. Many authors have attempted unsuccessfully to elucidate the mechanism behind this drug-induced malady, leaving dentists with unclear guidelines on how to treat these patients. Recent literature suggests a threshold-related impairment of epithelial cell migration over bone.

Education in sleep disorders in US dental schools DDS programs.

Introduction: Medical school surveys of pre-doctoral curriculum hours in the somnology, the study of sleep, and its application in sleep medicine/sleep disorders (SM) show slow progress. Limited information is available regarding dentist training. This study assessed current pre-doctoral dental education in the field of somnology with the hypothesis that increased curriculum hours are being devoted to SM but that competencies are still lacking.

A genetic association study of single nucleotide polymorphisms in FGFR1OP2/wit3.0 and long-term atrophy of edentulous mandible.

Background: After dental extraction, the external surface of alveolar bone undergoes resorption at various rates, and a group of patients develop excessive jawbone atrophy. Oral mucosa overlying the atrophied jawbone is unusually thin; therefore, we have hypothesized that excessive jawbone atrophy may be associated with abnormal oral mucosa contraction. FGFR1OP2/wit3.

Circadian rhythm and cartilage extracellular matrix genes in osseointegration: a genome-wide screening of implant failure by vitamin D deficiency.

Background: Successful dental and orthopedic implants require the establishment of an intimate association with bone tissue; however, the mechanistic explanation of how biological systems accomplish osseointegration is still incomplete. We sought to identify critical gene networks involved in osseointegration by exploring the implant failure model under vitamin D deficiency.

Methodology: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to control or vitamin D-deficient diet prior to the osteotomy surgery in the femur bone and the placement of T-shaped Ti4Al6V implant.

Characterization of side populations in HNSCC: highly invasive, chemoresistant and abnormal Wnt signaling.

Side Population (SP) cells, a subset of Hoechst-low cells, are enriched with stem cells. Originally, SP cells were isolated from bone marrow but recently have been found in various solid tumors and cancer cell lines that are clonogenic in vitro and tumorigenic in vivo. In this study, SP cells from lymph node metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines were examined using flow cytometry and Hoechst 3342 efflux assay.

TRAF5 is a downstream target of MAVS in antiviral innate immune signaling.

The recognition of nucleic acids by the innate immune system during viral infection results in the production of type I interferons and the activation of antiviral immune responses. The RNA helicases RIG-I and MDA-5 recognize distinct types of cytosolic RNA species and signal through the mitochondrial protein MAVS to stimulate the phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7, thereby inducing type I interferon expression. Alternatively, the activation of NF-kappaB leads to proinflammatory cytokine production.

Characterization of a potent non-cytotoxic shRNA directed to the HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5.

Background: The use of shRNAs to downregulate the expression of specific genes is now relatively routine in experimentation but still hypothetical for clinical application. A potential therapeutic approach for HIV-1 disease is shRNA mediated downregulation of the HIV-1 co-receptor, CCR5. It is increasingly recognized that siRNAs and shRNAs can have unintended consequences such as cytotoxicities in cells, particularly when used for long term therapeutic purposes.

Regulation of prostate-specific antigen expression by the junctional adhesion molecule A.

Objective: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein specifically expressed in prostate cells. Therefore, the expression levels of PSA in the blood are an important indicator when diagnosing prostate cancer. Defining the mechanism of PSA expression in prostate cells will be helpful for interpreting the expression of this protein during prostate cancer progression.

Alveolar bone preservation following tooth extraction: a perspective of clinical trials utilizing osseous grafting and guided bone regeneration.

Based on data from the authors' three clinical trials that focused on the role exerted by various regenerative materials and techniques in preserving alveolar ridge dimensions following tooth extraction, there is evidence to support the use of nonresorbable and resorbable membranes in combination with a closed-socket approach. There also is evidence to support a higher predictability of the results with resorbable membranes compared with nonresorbable membranes because the latter can become exposed to the oral environment during healing. A combination of bioactive glass and calcium sulfate using an open-socket approach is of marginal benefit in preserving alveolar ridge dimensions following tooth extraction.

Alveolar ridge reconstruction with preprosthetic surgery: a precursor to site preservation following extraction of natural dentition.

Before dental implant therapy became a common treatment modality, oral and maxillofacial surgeons managed malcontent denture patients by performing preprosthetic surgical procedures to enhance the denture-bearing areas of the intraoral cavity. Surgical techniques used today to augment and enhance deficient ridges to receive implants follow the same biologic principles and are employed to achieve the same goal: an improved alveolar ridge form of both hard and soft tissues. The key to successful implant treatment is providing a solid bony base to stabilize the implant.

Endodontic treatment outcome: effect of the permanent restoration.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the presence of the coronal restoration and endodontic treatment success or failure.

Methods: This study comprised 200 endodontically treated teeth with 441 roots. Follow-up examination was conducted 4 +/- 0.

Evidence-based recommendations for the use of sealants.

In traditional research, the "level of significance" refers to the probability value used to reject the null hypothesis. In evidence-based research, a similar term, "the level of evidence" refers to the quality of the published report that is analyzed critically in the context of a systematic review. A systematic review, the principal research tool of evidence-based dentistry, is distinct from a classical narrative literature review in that it is focused to examine the strengths and weaknesses of the research methodology, design and data analysis of each report included in the review.

The translational clinical practice system: a way to implement the evidence-based approach in the dental office.

Evidence-based decision-making in dental practice is challenging and rewarding. But for many clinicians, the evidence-based approach is an abstract and even theoretical idea that sounds good, but is not very practical. The Translational Clinical Practice System provides an overriding domain and a system within which the evidence-based approach may be more effectively utilized in clinical practice.

Cultural, behavioral, social, and psychological perceptions of saliva: relevance to clinical diagnostics.

The search for a resource that can be used to detect a broad range of diseases easily and reliably is akin to a search for the diagnostic Holy Grail. Yet, each of us may have inside our mouths, a key to the pathological and disease biomarker library hidden inside our bodies. Saliva--the source of all this information--is the secretory product of glands located in or around the oral cavity.

Clinical evidence and evidence-based dental treatment of special populations: patients with Alzheimer's disease.

This paper presents the novel domain of evidence-based research in the context of treating the dental needs of patients with special needs. A contrast is made between evidence-based dentistry and traditional dentistry, which is based on the evidence obtained by the dentist, with respect to the needs and the wants of the patient, and from the pertinent and accessible literature. By contrast, evidence-based dentistry is focused on integrating traditional dentistry with "the best available" research evidence.

Evidence-based dentistry: fundamentals for the dentist.

This article explains the fundamentals of evidence-based dentistry for the dentist. Evidence-based dentistry is a discipline whose primary participant is the translational researcher. Recent developments have emphasized the importance of this discipline (clinical and translational research) for improving health care.