Evaluation of nasal septum deviation via reformatted computed tomography (CT) imaging following expansion using RPE and MARPE.

Objective: To evaluate whether rapid palatal expansion (RPE) or miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) affects nasal septum deviation (NSD).

Materials And Methods: The study population includes 22 RPE patients ages 9.62 ± 1.

Self-reported history of physical intimate partner violence and longitudinal cognitive performance in midlife women.

Background: Intimate partner violence affects about a third of women in their lifetimes and can result in short- and long-term health consequences, including less favorable performance on measures of cognitive function.

Objectives: We assess whether experiencing physical intimate partner violence in midlife was associated with steeper declines in subsequent tests of cognitive performance.

Design: This study used data from 1713 women in the longitudinal cohort Study of Women's Health Across the Nation to relate baseline information on physical intimate partner violence to declines in scores from the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the East Boston Memory Test and the Digit Span Backwards spanning follow-up visits 7 through 15.

Fish oil lipid emulsion compared with soybean oil lipid emulsion in pediatric patients with parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis: A cost-effectiveness study.

Objectives: Evidence indicates that, in pediatric patients with parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC), the use of a 100% fish oil lipid emulsion (FOLE) increased the likelihood of PNAC resolution and reduced the likelihood of liver transplantation compared with a 100% soybean oil lipid emulsion (SOLE). To evaluate the potential economic benefit, we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing FOLE with SOLE.

Study Design: A discrete event simulation model evaluated cost-effectiveness by simulating clinical outcomes and estimating associated healthcare costs in pediatric patients with PNAC receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) with FOLE (1 g/kg) or SOLE (1.

Comprehensive microcrystal electron diffraction sample preparation for cryo-EM.

Microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) has advanced structural methods across a range of sample types, from small molecules to proteins. This cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) technique involves the continuous rotation of small 3D crystals in the electron beam, while a high-speed camera captures diffraction data in the form of a movie. The crystal structure is subsequently determined by using established X-ray crystallographic software.

Adaptive Platform Trials in Stroke.

Clinical trials of treatments for stroke have generally utilized 2-arm, randomized designs to evaluate a single intervention against a control. Running separate clinical trials, with each addressing a single therapeutic question, is resource intensive and slows evidence generation, especially in a field with rapidly expanding treatment options and evolving practices. Platform trials-randomized clinical trials designed to evaluate multiple interventions that may enter and exit the ongoing platform based on a master protocol-accelerate the investigation of multiple therapeutic options within a single infrastructure.

Understanding human papillomavirus vaccine response and efficacy in people living with HIV: A systematic mixed studies review and meta-analysis.

Coinfection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV compounds the risks of developing cervical, anal, and HPV-associated oral neoplasia. Safe prophylactic vaccines are available to prevent HPV infections in people with HIV(PWH). Yet, vaccine efficacy and duration of protection remain questionable.

Factors Associated With PrEP Utilization and Access in the United States.

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a cornerstone of the Ending the HIV Epidemic plan. We evaluated sociodemographic factors associated with PrEP use in jurisdictions with high HIV diagnosis rates between the initial years of PrEP rollout in the U.S.

Comparison of Conservation Strategies for California Channel Island Oak () Using Climate Suitability Predicted From Genomic Data.

Management strategies, such as assisted gene flow, can increase resilience to climate change in tree populations. Knowledge of evolutionary history and genetic structure of species are needed to assess the risks and benefits of different strategies. , or Island Oak, is a rare oak restricted to six Channel Islands in California, United States, and Baja California, Mexico.

Hierarchically Porous Microgels with Interior Spiral Canals for High-Efficiency Delivery of Stem Cells in Wound Healing.

Chronic wound poses a serious risk to diabetic patients, primarily due to damaged skin microvasculature and prolonged inflammation at the wound site. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy utilizing microgels as a cell delivery system has shown promise in promoting wound healing by enhancing cell viability and the secretion of bioactive factors. Retaining sufficient MSCs at injury sites is crucial for optimal therapeutic outcomes.

Current insights and challenges in the management of perifoveal vascular anomalous complex (PVAC): a systematic review of multimodal imaging features and treatment strategies.

The aim of this article is to comprehensively review the multimodal imaging (MMI) features that define perifoveal vascular anomalous complex (PVAC) and to update the optimal treatment strategies for this disorder with a focus also on the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. This systematic review was performed based on a search of the PubMed and Embase databases of relevant papers on the subject of PVAC. PVAC is characterized by well-defined MMI findings, including remarkable morphological features with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA).

Rumination induction task in fMRI: Effects of rumination focused cognitive behavioral therapy and stability in youth.

Background: Rumination is implicated in the onset and maintenance of major depressive disorder (MDD). Rumination-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (RF-CBT) effectively targets rumination and may change resting-state brain connectivity and change in activation during a rumination induction task (RIT) post-intervention predicts depressive symptoms two years later. We examined brain activation changes during an RIT in adolescents with remitted MDD following RF-CBT and evaluated RIT reliability (or stability) during treatment as usual (TAU).

Give me a sign(ature): Converging on the CSC of glioblastoma.

The identification of stem cells in glioblastomas has been controversial. In this issue of Neuron, Xie et al. establish gene signatures for cellular states and a quiescent cancer stem cell (qCSC) and demonstrate that the qCSC population expands in recurrence.

Aroclor speciation by unsupervised exploratory analysis of congener proportions in multivariate space: A southern California bight sediment and fish study.

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, sold commercially as different mixtures under the trade name Aroclor in the USA, pose ecological and public health hazards. In the environment, they are monitored as Aroclors for potential source tracking and more accurately as congeners to understand the extent of PCB contamination in total. Because of the subjectivity with which Aroclors are currently identified in samples, striving towards clarity is a focus for analytical chemists.

Regional brain iron mapping in obstructive sleep apnea adults.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects show significant white matter injury, including myelin changes in several brain areas, potentially from impaired glial cells, contributing to increased iron levels that escalate neurodegeneration, but brain iron loads are unclear. Our aim was to examine regional brain iron load, using T2∗-relaxometry, in OSA adults before and after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment over controls.

Methods: We performed T2∗-weighted imaging using a 3.

"Bringing greater research fluency into our educational vision": A qualitative research study on improving Traditional Chinese Medicine research education.

The main objective of this qualitative analysis is to increase the quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) research education. Subject matter experts and stakeholders were sent a list of possible topics to include in a research course and were asked to comment on it, add or subtract topics, and suggest appropriate research papers to use, lessons learned in their topic areas and possible stand-alone topics for inclusion in other courses. Their feedback was used to revise the topic list, create a list of foundational research papers to include in a research course and devise a list of stand-alone topics that could be included in the general TCM research curriculum.

Rising mortality rates linked to type-2 diabetes and obesity in the United States: An observational analysis from 1999 to 2022.

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are increasing in the United States. However, population-level data for mortality trends due to T2D and obesity are limited. This study aims to assess these death trends among adults in the United States categorized by sex, race, and geographical location.

Reproducibility of proton density fat fraction assessment of thigh muscle in a multi-site, multi-vendor cohort study at 10 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Background: Dixon-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) intramuscular proton density fat fraction (PDFF) is a potentially useful imaging biomarker of muscle quality. However, multi-vendor, multi-site reproducibility of intramuscular PDFF quantification, required for large clinical studies, can be strongly dependent on acquisition and processing. The purpose of this study was (I) to develop a 6-point Dixon MRI-based acquisition and processing technique for reproducible multi-vendor, multi-site quantification of thigh intramuscular PDFF; and (II) to evaluate the ability of the technique to detect differences in thigh muscle status between operated .

A Promising Pathway Toward Mitigation and Eradication of Coronary Artery Disease.

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States and globally. Significant advances have been made throughout the history of cardiology and the treatment of this disease; however, these efforts have not halted the alarming statistics. Emerging approaches, such as artificial intelligence applied to cardiac imaging, genetic testing, and genetic silencing, may offer essential additional steps in treating the disease.

Comparison of Working Conditions Between Immigrant and Non-immigrant Healthcare Workers in the United States: Evidence From the National Health Interview Survey.

Immigrants in the United States (U.S.) healthcare workforce face challenging working conditions.

Acromioclavicular joint cyst presenting with findings concerning for a soft tissue tumor - a case report.

Case: We present the case of a 73-year-old female with an acromioclavicular joint cyst associated with atypical, exquisite, progressive pain, and imaging findings concerning for neoplastic etiology. She underwent en bloc resection of the trapezium containing this cystic mass and distal clavicle. Surgical pathology demonstrated findings consistent with a large ganglion cyst without evidence of malignancy.

Advancing digital sensing in mental health research.

Digital sensing tools, like smartphones and wearables, offer transformative potential for mental health research by enabling scalable, longitudinal data collection. Realizing this promise requires overcoming significant challenges including limited data standards, underpowered studies, and a disconnect between research aims and community needs. This report, based on the 2023 Workshop on Advancing Digital Sensing Tools for Mental Health, articulates strategies to address these challenges to ensure rigorous, equitable, and impactful research.

ThF thin films for solid-state nuclear clocks.

After nearly 50 years of searching, the vacuum ultraviolet Th nuclear isomeric transition has recently been directly laser excited and measured with high spectroscopic precision. Nuclear clocks based on this transition are expected to be more robust than and may outperform current optical atomic clocks. These clocks also promise sensitive tests for new physics beyond the standard model.

Analysis of exonic deletions in a large population study provides novel insights into NRXN1 pathology.

The NRXN1 locus is a hotspot for non-recurrent copy number variants and exon-disrupting NRXN1 deletions have been associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in case-control studies. However, corresponding population-based estimates of prevalence and disease-associated risk are currently lacking. Also, most studies have not differentiated between deletions affecting exons of different NRXN1 splice variants nor considered intronic deletions.

Increasing Diversity in the Nutrition, Obesity, and Diabetes Biomedical Workforce: The BRIDGES Consortium.

Scientists from diverse backgrounds are underrepresented in academia. This lack of diversity impedes scientific discovery and innovation. Underrepresented (UR) scientists tend to conduct research on issues relevant to underrepresented populations, including chronic disease prevention and management, and health disparities.