2,088 results match your criteria: "University of California Davis School of Medicine[Affiliation]"

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis cannot be reliably differentiated from other forms of spongiotic/eczematous dermatitis by histology alone. Textbooks and recent studies have variably supported the specificity of dermal eosinophils, eosinophilic spongiosis, and Langerhans cell collections, among other features.

Objective: To assess which histopathologic features favor a diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis.

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Primary Biliary Cholangitis: personalizing second-line therapies.

Hepatology

November 2024

Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an enigmatic, autoimmune disease targeting the small intralobular bile ducts resulting in cholestasis and potentially progression to biliary cirrhosis. Primarily affecting middle-aged women, the diagnosis of PBC is typically straightforward, with most patients presenting with cholestatic liver tests and the highly specific antimitochondrial antibody. For decades, the foundational treatment of PBC has been ursodeoxycholic acid, which delays disease progression in most patients but has no impact on PBC symptoms.

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Mammalian parenting is an unusually demanding commitment. How has the reward system been co-opted to ensure parental care? Previous work has implicated the lateral habenula (LHb), an epithalamic nucleus, as a potential intersection of parenting behavior and reward. Here, we examine the role of the LHb in the maternal behavior of naturally parturient primiparous mouse dams.

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Are we what we breathe? Rethinking air as a nutritional source.

Adv Nutr

December 2024

Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA; Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA. Electronic address:

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Objective: Natural language processing (NLP) can enhance research studies for febrile infants by more comprehensive cohort identification. We aimed to refine and validate an NLP algorithm to identify and extract quantified temperature measurements from infants aged 90 days and younger with fevers at home or clinics prior to emergency department (ED) visits.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using electronic health record (EHR) data from 17 EDs in 10 health systems that are part of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Registry.

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Background: Isolated complex perianal fistulas, without luminal evidence of inflammatory bowel disease in the gastrointestinal tract, pose diagnostic and treatment dilemmas for gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons. For patients who develop recurrent complex fistulas, a presumptive diagnosis of Crohn's disease may be made. It is unclear whether these cases of isolated perianal disease in the absence of luminal inflammation truly represent isolated severe cryptoglandular fistulas or rather an early presentation of Crohn's disease.

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We present a case of a 36-year-old male found to have a nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) with alpha-fetoprotein levels (AFP) of 737.9 ng/mL and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) of 692 IU/mL. Pathology analysis after left orchiectomy showed a mixed germ cell tumor with 20% embryonal carcinoma, 20% yolk sac tumor, and 60% teratoma.

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Introduction: Acute variceal bleeding (AVB) portends significant 6-week mortality in patients with cirrhosis. It remains unclear if the correlation between liver prognostic scores and 6-week mortality are similar across different etiologies of liver cirrhosis, particularly alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) vs. non-alcohol-related liver disease (non-ALD).

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The ARIANES initiative: A vision for a structured regional MRI network in the Hauts-de-France.

J Neuroradiol

December 2024

Lille University Hospital Center, Department of Neuroradiology, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000, Lille, France.

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Article Synopsis
  • * An online survey was conducted among members of the Functional Neurosurgery Working Group to gather data on programming practices, revealing that common strategies include using traditional monopolar review and modifying amplitude for various symptoms.
  • * Results indicate that while initial programming generally follows published recommendations, there are notable inconsistencies in approaches for specific symptoms, highlighting the need for more research in areas of variability.
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Molecules with optimized pharmacokinetic properties selectively aimed at the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation in brain have recently emerged as potential disease modifying therapies for epilepsy. In the current study, pharmacological inhibition of JAK1/2 with the orally available, FDA-approved drug ruxolitinib, produced nearly complete inhibition of hippocampal STAT3 phosphorylation, and reduced the expression of its downstream target Cyclin D1, when administered to rats 30 ​min and 3 ​h after onset of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). This effect was accompanied by significantly shorter seizure duration and lower overall seizure frequency throughout the 4 weeks of EEG recording, but did not completely prevent the development of epilepsy in ruxolitinib-treated male rats.

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Introduction: Childhood adversity harms neurodevelopment. Literature on late-life brain health is limited, and findings on late-life cognition are mixed.

Methods: Pooling data from Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) and Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR) cohorts, we assessed the impact of childhood adversity (factor score from seven self-reported items) on (a) executive function and verbal memory decline using linear mixed effects models (n = 2447), (b) structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using linear regression (n = 618), and (c) amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) using generalized linear models (n = 331), all adjusting for early-life demographic and socioeconomic confounders.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study explores the relationship between green space and childhood obesity by using advanced metrics like NDVI and street-view imagery, rather than solely relying on BMI.
  • Participants were assessed from mid-childhood through late adolescence to analyze how green space exposure relates to various measures of adiposity, including BMI and fat mass index.
  • The research aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how green environments may influence children's health outcomes over time, factoring in socio-economic and demographic variables.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates whether there are sex-based differences in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) among patients who received advanced interventions.
  • Data from 902 patients (49% female) was analyzed, revealing that although women showed more signs of heart strain and elevated biomarkers, there was no significant difference in the severity of PE or in the receipt of advanced treatments between sexes.
  • The findings highlight that clinical factors, rather than sex, play a crucial role in determining the likelihood of receiving advanced therapies for acute PE, suggesting a need for more research in this area.
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Article Synopsis
  • * Objective measurements like total soluble solids (Brix) and percent acidity (Acid) are important, but these parameters can be affected by various fruit metabolites.
  • * This study uses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to analyze the relationship between Brix/Acid tests and metabolite levels in citrus during cold storage, finding significant correlations that suggest metabolomics could enhance fruit quality control.
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) disproportionately affects younger Black women, who show more aggressive phenotypes and poorer outcomes than women of other racial identities. While the impact of socioenvironmental inequities within and beyond health systems is well documented, the genetic influence in TNBC-associated racial disparities remains elusive. Here, we report that cancer-free breast tissue from Black women expresses TRIM37 at a significantly higher level relative to White women.

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Background: High-fat diets (HFDs) have been associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. In contrast, ketogenic diets (KDs) have been shown to display anti-tumor characteristics. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of a KD on late-stage pancreatic carcinogenesis in a genetically modified mouse model of pancreatic cancer [LSL-; -Cre (KC) mice], as well as its liver safety, and to compare it to that of an HFD.

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Detection Methods for Epigenetic Mechanisms in Breast Cancer.

Adv Exp Med Biol

November 2024

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • * Advances in technology have enhanced our ability to analyze these changes, leading to better understanding of their impact on cancer and potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
  • * The article reviews key methods used to study these epigenetic alterations in breast cancer, including techniques like ChIP, bisulfite conversion, and next-generation sequencing.
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Advances in Epigenetic Therapeutics for Breast Cancer.

Adv Exp Med Biol

November 2024

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Epigenetic changes play a significant role in breast cancer by contributing to tumor growth, resistance to treatments, and spreading of cancer cells.
  • There is an increasing focus on developing therapies that target these epigenetic mechanisms as a new approach to combat breast cancer.
  • This chapter discusses various strategies, including the use of selective inhibitors and combining epigenetic therapies with traditional treatments, as well as recent research advancements in this area.
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Epigenetic Modulations by Microbiome in Breast Cancer.

Adv Exp Med Biol

November 2024

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.

Recent studies have identified a critical role of the diverse and dynamic microbiome in modulating various aspects of host physiology and intrinsic processes. However, the altered microbiome has also become a hallmark of cancer, which could influence the tumor microenvironment. Aberrations in epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressors, apoptotic genes, and oncogenes can accentuate breast cancer onset and progression.

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Cancers evolve not only through the acquisition and clonal transmission of somatic mutations but also by epigenetic mechanisms that modify cell phenotype. Here, we use histology-guided and spatial transcriptomics to characterize hepatoblastoma, a childhood liver cancer that exhibits significant histologic and proliferative heterogeneity despite clonal activating mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Highly proliferative regions with embryonal histology show high expression of Wnt target genes, the embryonic biliary transcription factor SOX4, and striking focal expression of the growth factor FGF19.

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Existing studies examining the predictive ability of biomarkers for cognitive outcomes do not account for variance due to measurement error, which could lead to under-estimates of the proportion of variance explained. We used data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (N = 1084) to estimate the proportion of variance explained by Alzheimer's disease (AD) imaging biomarkers in four cognitive outcomes: memory, executive functioning, language, and visuospatial functioning. We compared estimates from standard models that do not account for measurement error, and multilevel models that do account for measurement error.

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Oligonucleotide therapeutics (ASOs and siRNAs) have been explored for modulation of gene expression in the central nervous system (CNS), with several drugs approved and many in clinical evaluation. Administration of highly concentrated oligonucleotides to the CNS can induce acute neurotoxicity. We demonstrate that delivery of concentrated oligonucleotides to the CSF in awake mice induces acute toxicity, observable within seconds of injection.

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