Subretinal versus intravitreal administration of human CD34+ bone marrow-derived stem cells in a rat model of inherited retinal degeneration.

Background: To evaluate whether subretinal or intravitreal injection of human CD34+ bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) can have protective effects on retinal degeneration that may be enhanced by coadministration of exosomes harvested from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Methods: Human CD34+ cells were harvested from the mononuclear cell fraction of bone marrow using magnetic beads and labeled with EGFP. Exosomes were harvested from cultured human MSCs under hypoxic conditions.

COVID-19 and beyond: Lessons learned from emergency department HIV screening for population-based screening in healthcare settings.

Emergency departments (EDs) have played a major role in the science and practice of HIV population screening. After decades of experience, EDs have demonstrated the capacity to provide testing and linkage to care to large volumes of patients, particularly those who do not otherwise engage the healthcare system. Efforts to expand ED HIV screening in the United States have been accelerated by a collaborative national network of emergency physicians and other stakeholders called EMTIDE (Emergency Medicine Transmissible Infectious Diseases and Epidemics).

L-arginine as a potential GLP-1-mediated immunomodulator of Th17-related cytokines in people with obesity and asthma.

Obesity is considered as a risk factor for COVID-19 with insulin resistance and increased production of inflammatory cytokines as likely mechanisms. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and inhaled nitric oxide are proposed therapeutic approaches to treat COVID-19 because of their broad anti-inflammatory effects. One approach that might augment GLP-1 levels would be dietary supplementation with L-arginine.

Venous thromboembolism detected by FDG-PET/CT in cancer patients: a common, yet life-threatening observation.

Cancer patients are at markedly increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Early detection of VTE may decrease morbidity and mortality in this population. We conducted this study to evaluate the ability of FDG-PET/CT to detect thrombosis in cancer patients.

Self-prescribing of antibiotics by patients seeking care in Indian emergency departments.

Study Objective: Antibiotic resistance is a global health threat. India has one of the highest rates of antibiotic use in the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of self-prescribed antibiotic use of patients presenting with febrile and infectious disease-related complaints to Indian emergency departments.

Validation of SATURN, a free, electronic, self-administered cognitive screening test.

Background: Cognitive screening is limited by clinician time and variability in administration and scoring. We therefore developed Self-Administered Tasks Uncovering Risk of Neurodegeneration (SATURN), a free, public-domain, self-administered, and automatically scored cognitive screening test, and validated it on inexpensive (<$100) computer tablets.

Methods: SATURN is a 30-point test including orientation, word recall, and math items adapted from the Saint Louis University Mental Status test, modified versions of the Stroop and Trails tasks, and other assessments of visuospatial function and memory.

Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of allopregnanolone as a regenerative therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease: A single and multiple ascending dose phase 1b/2a clinical trial.

Introduction: Allopregnanolone is an endogenous neurosteroid with the potential to be a novel regenerative therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Foundations of mechanistic understanding and well-established preclinical safety efficacy make it a viable candidate.

Methods: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, single and multiple ascending dose trial was conducted.

Functionalization of MOF-5 with mono-substituents: effects on drug delivery behavior.

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used in drug carrier research due to their tunability. The properties of MOFs can be adjusted through incorporation of mono-substituents to obtain pharmaceutical carriers with excellent properties. In this study, different functional groups of -NH, -CH, -Br, -OH and -CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH are connected to MOF-5 to analyse the effect of mono-substituent incorporation on drug delivery properties.

Misdiagnosis of Bell's palsy: Case series and literature review.

Although Bell's palsy is a common etiology for isolated facial paralysis, it is important clinicians perform a complete neurologic examination to avoid misdiagnosis. Multiple cranial neuropathy is often caused by tumor or infection.

Phenomenology and Management of Subthalamic Stimulation-Induced Dyskinesia in Patients With Isolated Dystonia.

Background: The pallidum has been the preferred DBS target for dystonia, but recent studies have shown equal or greater improvement in patients implanted in the STN. Transient stimulation-induced dyskinesia (SID) is frequently observed when stimulating this novel target, and there are no previously published video case reports of this phenomenon.

Cases: We describe in detail the SID phenomenology experienced by 4 patients who had been implanted with STN DBS for isolated dystonia.

Engaging Emergency Medicine Influencers in Sex- and Gender-based Medicine: Lessons Learned from the Sex and Gender Interest Group in Emergency Medicine and the SAEM Jeopardy Game.

The Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine (SGEM) interest group of the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) was established to increase research and to disseminate knowledge about the influence of sex and/or gender in acute care medicine and on patient outcomes. To help facilitate these goals, over the past 4 years, SGEM has created, delivered, and honed a Jeopardy-like scientific quiz game for the annual SAEM national meeting. Here we describe the SAEM Jeopardy Game's development, implementation, evolution, and outcomes as well as our targeted approach to access and engage emergency medicine stakeholders in its participation.

Evaluation of Gender Differences in Ultrasound Milestone Evaluations During Emergency Medicine Residency Training: A Multicenter Study.

Objectives: Prior literature has demonstrated incongruities among faculty evaluation of male and female residents' procedural competency during residency training. There are no known studies investigating gender differences in the assessment of procedural skills among emergency medicine (EM) residents, such as those required by ultrasound. The objective of this study was to determine if there are significant gender differences in ultrasound milestone evaluations during EM residency training.

The progression of carotid atherosclerosis and imaging markers of dementia.

Introduction: We studied the association of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) with hippocampal volume (HV) in community dwelling individuals, testing the hypothesis that persons with carotid atherosclerosis progression would have lower HV.

Methods: We studied 1376 Framingham Offspring participants with two carotid ultrasounds and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs). We used multivariable linear regression analyses to relate CIMT progression and HV and total brain volume.

Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Brief Overview.

http://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.

Emergency Medicine Education Research Since the 2012 Consensus Conference: How Far Have We Come and What's Next?

In 2012, the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine convened a consensus conference on the state of medical education research with goals of defining and advancing a future research agenda. Since that time, emergency medicine (EM) education research has grown significantly. A task force of EM education experts was assembled and sought to understand the current state of EM education research and future directions.

Divergent outcomes of gut microbiota alteration upon use of spectrum antibiotics in high sugar diet-induced diabetes in rats.

: A sugar rich diet induces inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) mainly through gut microbiota alteration. Gut dysbiosis increases lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and reduces propionate and butyrate levels to impair the insulin signalling cascades by different molecular pathways, which progresses into IR. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of spectrum specific antibiotics on the modulation of gut microbiota and its signalling pathways to prevent diet-induced diabetes.

Assessment of Impact of Long-Cassette Standing X-Rays on Surgical Planning for Cervical Pathology: An International Survey of Spine Surgeons.

Background: Understanding the role of regional segments of the spine in maintaining global balance has garnered significant attention recently. Long-cassette radiographs (LCR) are necessary to evaluate global spinopelvic alignment. However, it is unclear how LCRs impact operative decision-making for cervical spine pathology.

Age-related slowing of response selection and production in a visual choice reaction time task.

Aging is associated with delayed processing in choice reaction time (CRT) tasks, but the processing stages most impacted by aging have not been clearly identified. Here, we analyzed CRT latencies in a computerized serial visual feature-conjunction task. Participants responded to a target letter (probability 40%) by pressing one mouse button, and responded to distractor letters differing either in color, shape, or both features from the target (probabilities 20% each) by pressing the other mouse button.