Building integral projection models with nonindependent vital rates.

Population dynamics are functions of several demographic processes including survival, reproduction, somatic growth, and maturation. The rates or probabilities for these processes can vary by time, by location, and by individual. These processes can co-vary and interact to varying degrees, e.

Chlamydomonas ATX1 is essential for Cu distribution to multiple cupro-enzymes and maintenance of biomass in conditions demanding cupro-enzyme-dependent metabolic pathways.

Copper (Cu) chaperones, of which yeast ATX1 is a prototype, are small proteins with a Cu(I) binding MxCxxC motif and are responsible for directing intracellular Cu toward specific client protein targets that use Cu as a cofactor. The ATX1 (CrATX1) was identified by its high sequence similarity with yeast ATX1. Like the yeast homologue, CrATX1 accumulates in iron-deficient cells (but is not impacted by other metal-deficiencies).

The evolution of marine dwelling in Diptera.

Marine dwelling in Diptera has been relatively unexplored and the frequency of transitions to the marine environment and the evolutionary history remain poorly understood. By reviewing records from the World Register of Marine Species and using ancestral state reconstruction methods, we build on the fly tree of life phylogeny and ecological descriptions of marine life history. Our ancestral state reconstruction analyses suggest marine dwelling is lacking as an ancestral trait for the most recent common ancestor to Diptera.

"Pivoting" by food industry firms to cope with COVID-19 in developing regions: E-commerce and "copivoting" delivery intermediaries.

Coronavirus disease 2019 and related lockdown policies in 2020 shocked food industry firms' supply chains in developing regions. Firms "pivoted" to e-commerce to reach consumers and e-procurement to reach processors and farmers. "Delivery intermediaries" copivoted with food firms to help them deliver and procure.

Development and implementation of a novel Web-based gaming application to enhance emergency medical technician knowledge in low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Increasing access to high-quality emergency and prehospital care is an important priority in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, ensuring that emergency medical technicians (EMTs) maintain their clinical knowledge and proficiency with procedural skills is challenging, as continuing education requirements are still being introduced, and clinical instructional efforts need strengthening. We describe the development and implementation of an innovative asynchronous learning tool for EMTs in the form of a Web-based trivia game.

Systematic identification of risk factors and drug repurposing options for Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Several Mendelian randomization studies have been conducted that identified multiple risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, they typically focus on a few pre-selected risk factors.

Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was used to systematically examine the potential causal associations of 1037 risk factors/medical conditions and 31 drugs with the risk of late-onset AD.

Influence of testing environment and loading rate on intervertebral disc compressive mechanics: An assessment of repeatability at three different laboratories.

In vitro mechanical testing of intervertebral discs is crucial for basic science and pre-clinical testing. Generally, these tests aim to replicate in vivo conditions, but simplifications are necessary in specimen preparation and mechanical testing due to complexities in both structure and the loading conditions required to replicate in vivo conditions. There has been a growing interest in developing a consensus of testing protocols within the spine community to improve comparison of results between studies.

Integrating herbarium specimen observations into global phenology data systems.

Premise Of The Study: The Plant Phenology Ontology (PPO) was originally developed to integrate phenology observations of whole plants across different global observation networks. Here we describe a new release of the PPO and associated data pipelines that supports integration of phenology observations from herbarium specimens, which provide historical and modern phenology data.

Methods And Results: Critical changes to the PPO include key terms that describe how measurements from parts of plants, which are captured in most imaged herbarium specimens, relate to whole plants.

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Mast cameras and Descent imager: Investigation and instrument descriptions.

The Mars Science Laboratory Mast camera and Descent Imager investigations were designed, built, and operated by Malin Space Science Systems of San Diego, CA. They share common electronics and focal plane designs but have different optics. There are two Mastcams of dissimilar focal length.

Source of the dayside cusp aurora.

Monochromatic all-sky imagers at South Pole and other Antarctic stations of the Automatic Geophysical Observatory chain recorded the aurora in the region where the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) satellites crossed the dayside magnetopause. In several cases the magnetic field lines threading the satellites when mapped to the atmosphere were inside the imagers' field of view. From the THEMIS magnetic field and the plasma density measurements, we were able to locate the position of the magnetopause crossings and map it to the ionosphere using the Tsyganenko-96 field model.

Ion-scale secondary flux ropes generated by magnetopause reconnection as resolved by MMS.

New Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations of small-scale (~7 ion inertial length radius) flux transfer events (FTEs) at the dayside magnetopause are reported. The 10 km MMS tetrahedron size enables their structure and properties to be calculated using a variety of multispacecraft techniques, allowing them to be identified as flux ropes, whose flux content is small (~22 kWb). The current density, calculated using plasma and magnetic field measurements independently, is found to be filamentary.

Ion temperature anisotropy across a magnetotail reconnection jet.

A significant fraction of the energy released by magnetotail reconnection appears to go into ion heating, but this heating is generally anisotropic. We examine ARTEMIS dual-spacecraft observations of a long-duration magnetotail exhaust generated by antiparallel reconnection in conjunction with particle-in-cell simulations, showing spatial variations in the anisotropy across the outflow far (>100 ) downstream of the X line. A consistent pattern is found in both the spacecraft data and the simulations: While the total temperature across the exhaust is rather constant, near the boundaries dominates.

The index underestimates the solar cycle variation of geomagnetic activity.

It is known that the correction of the Kyoto index for the secular variation of the Earth's internal field produces a discontinuity in the Kyoto index at the end of each year. We show that this secular correction also introduces a significant baseline error to the Kyoto index that leads to an underestimate of the solar cycle variation of geomagnetic activity and of the strength of the ring current as measured by the Kyoto index. Thus, the average value of the Kyoto index would be approximately 13 nT more negative for the active year 2003 compared to quiet years 2006 and 2009 if the Kyoto index properly measured the effects of the ring current and other currents that influence the observatories.