2,536 results match your criteria: "University of California - San Diego School of Medicine[Affiliation]"

From dual process to a family of theories known collectively as situativity, both micro and macro theories of cognition inform our current understanding of clinical reasoning (CR) and error. CR is a complex process that occurs in a complex environment, and a nuanced, expansive, integrated model of these theories is necessary to fully understand how CR is performed in the present day and in the future. In this perspective, we present these individual theories along with figures and descriptive cases for purposes of comparison before exploring the implications of a transtheoretical model of these theories for teaching, assessment, and research in CR and error.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objectives: Renal impairment is prevalent in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD/metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease [MASLD]) and is associated with increased mortality. Pediatric data are limited. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of hyperfiltration or chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children with NAFLD/MASLD and determine links with liver disease severity.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Methods to remove retained peripheral nerve catheters range from non-invasive techniques to open surgical procedures. This study reviews two cases requiring surgical intervention for catheter remnant removal after catheter breakage and presents a systematic review describing the diagnosis and treatment of retained perineural catheters. While still very rare, our case report and systematic review demonstrate that retained nerve catheters can occur as the result of kinking or knotting, but also from catheter breakage.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: This study examines abortion-related discourse on Twitter (X) pre-and post-Dobbs v. Jackson ruling, which eliminated the constitutional right to abortion.

Study Design: We used a custom data collection tool to collect tweets directly from Twitter using abortion-related keywords.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • CNS tumors are hard to diagnose quickly due to varied symptoms and inconsistent neurologic exam results.
  • The study analyzed 121 pediatric patients who presented to the emergency department with newly diagnosed CNS tumors, focusing on their clinical features and the time taken for diagnosis.
  • Findings showed a delayed diagnosis in 14% of cases, often presenting with normal or non-focal neurologic exams, emphasizing the complexity of identifying these tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The abdominal seat belt sign (SBS) is associated with an increased risk of hollow viscus injury (HVI). Older age is associated with worse outcomes in trauma patients. Thus, older trauma patients ≥65 years of age (OTPs) may be at an increased risk of HVI with abdominal SBS.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Imaging Approaches in Cancer Biology.

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

September 2024

Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, USA

A majority of cancer research is focused on defining the cellular and molecular basis of cancer cells and the signals that control oncogenic transformation; as a consequence, we know very little about the dynamic behavior of cancer cells in vivo. To begin to view and understand the mechanisms and interactions that control cancer initiation, growth, and metastatic progression and how these processes are influenced by the microenvironment and the signals derived from it, it is essential to develop strategies that allow imaging of the cancer cells in the context of the living microenvironment. Here, we discuss emerging work designed to visualize how cancer cells function within the microenvironment to discover how these interactions act coordinately to enable aberrant growth and to understand how they could be targeted to design new approaches to intercept the disease.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a medicine used during spine surgery to help reduce blood loss and the need for blood transfusions.
  • Researchers looked at many studies to compare different ways of using TXA during a specific type of back surgery.
  • They found that using TXA in different ways didn't make a big difference in surgery time or blood loss, suggesting all methods are pretty similar.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Brachioradial pruritis (BRP) is a rare form of dermatomal pruritis that appears to be caused both by cervical radiculopathy and exposure to ultraviolet-light, although the exact pathophysiology for the manifestation of these symptoms remains to be determined. A diagnosis of BRP is typically confirmed with the "ice-pack" test and evidence of cervical spine pathology using magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment options consist of application of ice, reduction in sun exposure, and topical capsaicin, antiepileptics, or tricyclic antidepressants.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Clinical and molecular correlates of the Index of Severity for Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

J Allergy Clin Immunol

August 2024

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio. Electronic address:

Background: The Index of Severity for Eosinophilic Esophagitis (I-SEE) is a new expert-defined clinical tool that classifies disease severity of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).

Objective: We aimed to determine whether I-SEE is associated with patient characteristics, molecular features of EoE, or both.

Methods: We analyzed a prospective cohort of patients with EoE from the Consortium of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease Researchers (CEGIR).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Pharmacologic treatments are available to treat insomnia, a common and burdensome sleep disorder, but may be contraindicated in older adults who are prone to side effects from sleep-promoting drugs. These analyses of sleep diary data from Study E2006-G000-303 (Study 303) investigated the benefits of lemborexant 5 mg (LEM5) and 10 mg (LEM10) in the subgroup age ≥ 65 years with insomnia.

Method: Study 303, a 12-month, double-blind study of LEM5 and LEM10 in adults (age ≥ 18 years) with insomnia disorder (sleep onset and/or maintenance difficulties) assessed subject-reported (subjective) sleep-onset latency (sSOL), sleep efficiency (sSE), wake after sleep onset (sWASO), and total sleep time (sTST).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: To improve patient outcomes and provider team practice, the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative (CPQCC) created the Simulating Success quality improvement program to assist hospitals in implementing a neonatal resuscitation training curriculum. This study aimed to examine the costs associated with the design and implementation of the Simulating Success program.

Methods: From 2017-2020, a total of 14 sites participated in the Simulating Success program and 4 of them systematically collected resource utilization data.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Among 8455 people engaged in HIV care in 4 US cities, 4925 (58%) had treponemal testing at care entry. Of the 4925 tested, 3795 (77%) had a nonreactive result and might benefit from the reverse algorithm for a future incident syphilis diagnosis. Furthermore, low-barrier treponemal testing as a first step in the reverse algorithm may increase syphilis screening and decrease time to treatment.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Despite theory suggesting that self-forgiveness facilitates recovery from moral injury, no measure of self-forgiveness has been validated with individuals exposed to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs). Military veterans, healthcare workers, and first responders who reported PMIE exposure (n = 924) completed the Self-Forgiveness Dual-Process Scale, which assesses two dimensions of the self-forgiveness process. The first dimension, value affirmation, refers to appraising personal responsibility and being willing to make amends for one's involvement in a PMIE.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Autoinflammation.

J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract

May 2024

Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, Calif.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Importance: The prevalence, pathophysiology, and long-term outcomes of COVID-19 (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 [PASC] or "Long COVID") in children and young adults remain unknown. Studies must address the urgent need to define PASC, its mechanisms, and potential treatment targets in children and young adults.

Observations: We describe the protocol for the Pediatric Observational Cohort Study of the NIH's REsearching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Initiative.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Chromothripsis, a type of complex chromosomal rearrangement originally known as chromoanagenesis, has been a subject of extensive investigation due to its potential role in various diseases, particularly cancer. Chromothripsis involves the rapid acquisition of tens to hundreds of structural rearrangements within a short period, leading to complex alterations in one or a few chromosomes. This phenomenon is triggered by chromosome mis-segregation during mitosis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: Substance use disorders (SUDs) commonly co-occur with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Understanding PTSD clinics that serve higher percentages of patients with PTSD/SUD is crucial for improving SUD care in clinics with lower percentages of such patients. This study examined the differences between Veterans Affairs (VA) PTSD treatment sites with higher percentages ("High%") and lower percentages ("Low%") of patients with PTSD/SUD as well as exploring the roles of the PTSD/SUD specialists.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of and bias in recommendations for oculoplastic surgeons from three artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot systems. Methods ChatGPT, Microsoft Bing Balanced, and Google Bard were asked for recommendations for oculoplastic surgeons practicing in 20 cities with the highest population in the United States. Three prompts were used: "can you help me find (an oculoplastic surgeon)/(a doctor who does eyelid lifts)/(an oculofacial plastic surgeon) in (city).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Purpose: During endoscopic stone surgery, Holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) and Thulium Fiber Laser (TFL) technologies allow to pulverize urinary stones into fine particles, ie DUST. Yet, currently there is no consensus on the exact definition of DUST. This review aimed to define stone DUST and Clinically Insignificant Residual Fragments (CIRF).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study aims to clarify the difference between moral injury and normative distress after experiences of potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) using the Moral Injury and Distress Scale (MIDS).
  • Researchers analyzed data from 645 participants, including military veterans and first responders, to determine effective MIDS cut-off scores for identifying significant mental health issues like PTSD and depression.
  • They found that a MIDS score of 27 is optimal for detecting clinically relevant moral injury, with higher prevalence in minoritized racial/ethnic groups, ultimately aiding clinicians in recognizing and treating moral injury in vulnerable populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF