Proteomic Risk Score of Increased Respiratory Susceptibility: A Multi-Cohort Study.

Rationale: Accelerated decline in lung function is associated with incident COPD, hospitalizations and death. However, identifying this trajectory with longitudinal spirometry measurements is challenging in clinical practice.

Objective: To determine whether a proteomic risk score trained on accelerated decline in lung function can assess risk of future respiratory disease and mortality.

Gender differences in the association between education and late-life cognitive function in the LifeAfter90 Study: A multiethnic cohort of the oldest-old.

Introduction: Few studies have examined the relationship between education and cognition among the oldest-old.

Methods: Cognitive assessments were conducted biannually for 803 participants (62.6% women) of LifeAfter90, a longitudinal study of individuals ≥ 90 years old.

Specific EEG resting state biomarkers in FXS and ASD.

Background: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions that often have a substantial impact on daily functioning and quality of life. FXS is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability (ID) and the most common monogenetic cause of ASD. Previous literature has shown that electrophysiological activity measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) during resting state is perturbated in FXS and ASD.

Sex-specific high-sensitivity troponin T cut-points have similar safety but lower efficacy than overall cut-points in a multisite U.S. cohort.

Background: Data comparing the performance of sex-specific to overall (non-sex-specific) high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) cut-points for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are limited. This study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of sex-specific versus overall 99th percentile high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) cut-points.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the STOP-CP cohort, which prospectively enrolled emergency department patients ≥ 21 years old with symptoms suggestive of ACS without ST-elevation on initial electrocardiogram across eight U.

A Survey of United States Transplant Center Donation After Circulatory Death Kidney Transplant Practices in the Modern Era.

Background: The mismatch between the number of patients awaiting kidney transplantation and the supply of donor organs has contributed to the increase in kidney transplantation from donors after circulatory death (DCD). Persistently long waiting times have led the transplant community to continue to explore the use of expanded- criteria DCD kidneys. In parallel, advances in organ preservation strategies have contributed to an overall increase in DCD organ transplantation and are altering the transplant landscape.

Neighborhood greenness and long-term physical and psychosocial quality of life among prostate cancer survivors in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.

Introduction: Neighborhood greenness may benefit long-term prostate cancer survivorship by promoting physical activity and social integration, and reducing stress and exposure to air pollution, noise, and extreme temperatures. We examined associations of neighborhood greenness and long-term physical and psychosocial quality of life in prostate cancer survivors in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.

Methods: We included 1437 individuals diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer between 2008 and 2016 across the United States.

Breast Cancer Screening Using Mammography, Digital Breast Tomosynthesis, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Breast Density.

Importance: Information on long-term benefits and harms of screening with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with or without supplemental breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is needed for clinical and policy discussions, particularly for patients with dense breasts.

Objective: To project long-term population-based outcomes for breast cancer mammography screening strategies (DBT or digital mammography) with or without supplemental MRI by breast density.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Collaborative modeling using 3 Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) breast cancer simulation models informed by US Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium data.

Novel odd-chain cyclopropane fatty acids: detection in a mammalian lipidome and uptake by hepatosplanchnic tissues.

Microbe-produced molecules (xenometabolites) found in foods or produced by gut microbiota are increasingly implicated in microbe-microbe and microbe-host communication. Xenolipids, in particular, are a class of metabolites for which the full catalog remains to be elaborated in mammalian systems. We and others have observed that cis-3,4-methylene-heptanoylcarnitine is a lipid derivative that is one of the most abundant medium-chain acylcarnitines in human blood, hypothesized to be a product of incomplete β-oxidation of one or more "odd-chain" long-chain cyclopropane fatty acids (CpFAs).

Surface modification of extracellular vesicles with polyoxazolines to enhance their plasma stability and tumor accumulation.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are future promising therapeutics, but their instability in vivo after administration remains an important barrier to their further development. Many groups evaluated EV surface modification strategies to add a targeting group with the aim of controlling EV biodistribution. Conversely, fewer groups focused on their stabilization to obtain "stealth" allogenic EVs.

Fabrication of cyborg bacterial cells as living cell-material hybrids using intracellular hydrogelation.

The production of living therapeutics, cell-based delivery of drugs and gene-editing tools and the manufacturing of bio-commodities all share a common concept: they use either a synthetic or a living cell chassis to achieve their primary engineering or therapeutic goal. Live-cell chassis face limitations inherent to their auto-replicative nature and the complexity of the cellular context. This limitation highlights the need for a new chassis combining the engineering simplicity of synthetic materials and the functionalities of natural cells.

Impact of Warm Ischemia Time on Donation After Circulatory Death Kidney Transplant Outcomes.

Background: Efforts to address the shortage of donor organs include increasing the use of renal allografts from donors after circulatory death (DCD). While warm ischemia time (WIT) is thought to be an important factor in DCD kidney evaluation, few studies have compared the relationship between WIT and DCD kidney outcomes, and WIT acceptance practices remain variable.

Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective review of all adult patients who underwent deceased donor kidney transplantation from 2000 to 2021.

Immunoprofiles of COVID-19 uniquely differentiated from other viruses: A machine learning investigation of multiplex immunoassay data.

Cytokines and chemokines are vital in maintaining a healthy state by efficiently controlling invading microbes. In addition, the dysregulation of these immune mediators can contribute to viral infection pathology. We comprehensively analyzed the profiles of host immunomodulators in response to infections with members of several virus families, particularly if the SARS-CoV-2 infection produces a unique immune profile compared with other viral infections.

L1CAM mediates neuroendocrine phenotype acquisition in prostate cancer cells.

Background: A specific type of prostate cancer (PC) that exhibits neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation is known as NEPC. NEPC has little to no response to androgen deprivation therapy and is associated with the development of metastatic castration-resistant PC (CRPC), which has an extremely poor prognosis. Our understanding of genetic drivers and activated pathways in NEPC is limited, which hinders precision medicine approaches.

Risk factors for long COVID syndrome in postmenopausal women with previously reported diagnosis of COVID-19.

Purpose: Long COVID-19 syndrome occurs in 10-20 % of people after a confirmed/probable SARS-COV-2 infection; new symptoms begin within three months of COVID-19 diagnosis and last > 8 weeks. Little is known about risk factors for long COVID, particularly in older people who are at greater risk of COVID complications.

Methods: Data are from Women's Health Initiative (WHI) postmenopausal women who completed COVID surveys that included questions on whether they had ever been diagnosed with COVID and length and nature of symptoms.

Dysfunctional Alpha Modulation as a Mechanism of Working Memory Impairment in Serious Mental Illness.

Background: People with psychosis and mood disorders experience disruptions in working memory; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We focused on 2 potential mechanisms: poor attentional engagement should be associated with elevated levels of prestimulus alpha-band activity within the electroencephalogram (EEG), whereas impaired working memory encoding should be associated with reduced poststimulus alpha suppression.

Methods: We collected EEG data from 68 people with schizophrenia, 43 people with bipolar disorder with a history of psychosis, 53 people with major depressive disorder, and 90 healthy comparison subjects while they completed a spatial working memory task.

Accelerated competency-based education in primary care (ACE-PC): a 3-year UC Davis and Kaiser permanente partnership to meet California's primary care physician workforce needs.

Problem: Our nation faces an urgent need for more primary care (PC) physicians, yet interest in PC careers is dwindling. Students from underrepresented in medicine (UIM) backgrounds are more likely to choose PC and practice in underserved areas yet their representation has declined. Accelerated PC programs have the potential to address workforce needs, lower educational debt, and diversify the physician workforce to advance health equity.

Phenotype Distinctions in Mice Deficient in the Neuron-Specific α3 Subunit of Na,K-ATPase: 3 and .

is a Na,K-ATPase gene expressed specifically in neurons in the brain. Human mutations are dominant and produce an unusually wide spectrum of neurological phenotypes, most notably rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (RDP) and alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC). Here we compared heterozygotes of two mouse lines, a line with little or no expression (3) and a knock-in expressing p.

Multiplexed volumetric CLEM enabled by scFvs provides insights into the cytology of cerebellar cortex.

Mapping neuronal networks is a central focus in neuroscience. While volume electron microscopy (vEM) can reveal the fine structure of neuronal networks (connectomics), it does not provide molecular information to identify cell types or functions. We developed an approach that uses fluorescent single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) to perform multiplexed detergent-free immunolabeling and volumetric-correlated-light-and-electron-microscopy on the same sample.

Hepatitis E virus in the Kathmandu Valley: Insights from a representative longitudinal serosurvey.

Background: Hepatitis-E virus (HEV), an etiologic agent of acute inflammatory liver disease, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in South Asia. HEV is considered endemic in Nepal; but data on population-level infection transmission is sparse.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal serosurvey in central Nepal to assess HEV exposure.