Implementing a Uniform Outcome Measurement Approach for Early Interventions of Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Objective: Naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder show evidence for effectiveness for specific social communication targets such as joint attention or engagement. However, combining evidence from different studies and comparing intervention effects across those studies have not been feasible due to lack of a standardized outcome measure of broader social communication skills that can be applied uniformly across trials. This investigation examined the usefulness of the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change (BOSCC) as a common outcome measure of general social communication skills based on secondary analyses of data obtained from previously conducted randomized controlled trials of 3 intervention models, Early Social Intervention (ESI), Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) and Joint Attention Symbolic Play Engagement and Regulation (JASPER).

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of ibrexafungerp for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis and beyond.

Introduction: Ibrexafungerp is a new triterpenoid antifungal agent with activity against a variety of fungal species, including spp. and echinocandin-resistant spp.

Areas Covered: This evaluation will summarize currently available clinical evidence on the use of ibrexafungerp in the treatment/prevention of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and detail the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters, and ongoing/latest research involving ibrexafungerp.

Discernible interindividual patterns of global efficiency decline during theoretical brain surgery.

The concept of functional localization within the brain and the associated risk of resecting these areas during removal of infiltrating tumors, such as diffuse gliomas, are well established in neurosurgery. Global efficiency (GE) is a graph theory concept that can be used to simulate connectome disruption following tumor resection. Structural connectivity graphs were created from diffusion tractography obtained from the brains of 80 healthy adults.

Utility of microbial cell free DNA next-generation sequencing for diagnosis and management of infectious diseases.

Microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) sequencing is a promising tool to identify infectious pathogens when traditional methods fail to identify the causative agent. We performed a retrospective observational cohort study to evaluate clinical outcomes among pediatric and adult patients who underwent mcfDNA testing. 127 mcfDNA tests were reviewed from 112 patients.

Study protocol: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of isavuconazole prophylaxis for the prevention of covid-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.

Background: During the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, those with severe COVID-19 infection were at risk for a number of opportunistic infections including COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). We initiated a randomized clinical trial to evaluate whether isavuconazole, a triazole antifungal, could prevent CAPA and improve survival in patients admitted to the ICU with severe COVID-19 infection.

Methods: We designed a phase III/IV randomized, double-blind, two-arm, placebo-controlled trial evaluating standard of care (SOC) plus isavuconazole versus SOC plus placebo and were to enroll participants admitted to the ICU with severe COVID-19 infection at three medical centers in California, United States.

Do serial troponins predict the need for cardiac evaluation in trauma patients after ground-level fall?

Purpose: Troponin T levels are routinely checked in trauma patients after experiencing a ground-level fall to identify potential cardiac causes of syncope. An elevated initial troponin prompts serial testing until the level peaks. However, the high sensitivity of the test may lead to repeat testing that is of little clinical value.

Abortion Education for Medical Students in an Era of Increased Abortion Restrictions.

Following the Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health in June 2022, many states restricted or banned abortion. Medical educators have focused on how this change impacts abortion training for residents, but schools must also adapt undergraduate medical education. Medical schools provide the foundation for future physicians' knowledge and attitudes on abortion.

Sunscreen use and affordability attitudes based on ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and Fitzpatrick skin type.

Importance: One in five Americans will develop skin cancer during their lifetime. While use of sunscreen can help prevent the development cutaneous cancer, regular use remains low nationwide.

Objective: To assess and better understand health care consumer preferences for sun protection products and perceived product accessibility and availability based on socioeconomic factors, race, and ethnicity.

Similar Recovery Rate for Patients Aged between 50 and 89 Years That Go Home on the Surgery Day and Self-Administer Their Rehabilitation after Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: for kinematic alignment (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA), it was unknown whether 'the pace of recovery' at six weeks was different for patients with ages ranging between 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80-89 years who were discharged on the surgery day and self-administered their rehabilitation.

Methods: a single surgeon treated 206 consecutive patients with a KA-designed femoral component and an insert with a medial ball-in-socket, lateral flat articulation, and PCL retention. Each filled out preoperative and six-week Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Knee Society Score (KSS), Knee Function Score (KFS), and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS, JR) questionnaires.

Enlarged perivascular spaces and their association with motor, cognition, MRI markers and cerebrovascular risk factors in male fragile X premutation carriers.

FMR1 premutation carriers (55-200 CGG repeats) are at risk of developing fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), a neurodegenerative disorder associated with motor and cognitive impairment. Bilateral hyperintensities of the middle cerebellar peduncles (MCP sign) are the major radiological hallmarks of FXTAS. In the general population, enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) are biomarkers of small vessel disease and glymphatic dysfunction and are associated with cognitive decline.

The Use of Chatbots in Head and Neck Mucosal Malignancy Treatment Recommendations.

Objective: As cancer patients increasingly use chatbots, it is crucial to recognize ChatGPT's potential in enhancing health literacy while ensuring validation to prevent misinformation. This study aims to assess ChatGPT-3.5's capability to provide appropriate staging and treatment recommendations for head and neck mucosal malignancies for vulnerable populations.

Revision Strategy for Proximal Junctional Failure: Combined Effect of Proximal Extension and Focal Correction.

Study Design: Retrospective review of a prospectively-collected multicenter database.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine optimal strategies in terms of focal angular correction and length of proximal extension during revision for PJF.

Methods: 134 patients requiring proximal extension for PJF were analyzed in this study.

Revision Cochlear Implantation With Device Manufacturer Conversion: Surgical Outcomes and Speech Perception Performance.

Objective: Describe the clinical profile of revision cochlear implantation (RCI) cases involving device manufacturer conversion (RCI), compare them to cases without manufacturer conversion (RCI), and classify the reasons for manufacturer conversion (MC).

Study Design: Retrospective case review.

Setting: Tertiary academic center.

Preventing Inpatient NP Burnout: The Power of Adequate Staffing and Leadership.

Background: Nurse practitioner (NP) burnout related to high patient-to-NP ratios needs to be addressed.

Objectives: To survey inpatient pediatric NPs, assess burnout and characterize associated workload and support.

Design: Online cross-sectional survey conducted in three phases from March 2022 to August 2023.

Optimization-derived blood input function using a kernel method and its evaluation with total-body PET for brain parametric imaging.

Unlabelled: Dynamic PET allows quantification of physiological parameters through tracer kinetic modeling. For dynamic imaging of brain or head and neck cancer on conventional PET scanners with a short axial field of view, the image-derived input function (ID-IF) from intracranial blood vessels such as the carotid artery (CA) suffers from severe partial volume effects. Alternatively, optimization-derived input function (OD-IF) by the simultaneous estimation (SIME) method does not rely on an ID-IF but derives the input function directly from the data.

Surgical management of intramedullary cervical spinal sarcoidosis complicated by transient unilateral weakness: A case report.

Background: Sarcoidosis, a multisystem inflammatory non-caseating granulomatous disease, can present with neurologic lesions in up to 10% of patients.

Case Description: A 57-year-old male presented with three months of worsening upper extremity radicular pain associated with dysmetria, hyperreflexia, bilateral Hoffman's, and positive Babinski signs. The contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a diffuse T2 signal hyperintensity and T1-enhancing 2.

Association of imaging and pathological findings of breast cancer in very young women: Report of a twenty-year retrospective study.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to assess the new trends in characteristics, molecular subtypes, and imaging findings of breast cancer in very young women.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the database of a primary breast cancer referral center in southern Iran in 342 cases of 30-year-old or younger women from 2001 to 2020. Pathologic data, including nuclear subtype and grade, tumor stage, presence of in situ cancer, imaging data including lesion type in mammogram and ultrasound, and treatment data were recorded.