Prevalence of cognitive impairment and metabolic syndrome among older adults in calabar metropolis and the associated risk factors.

Background: The number of people reaching old age is rising, bringing an increase in age-related diseases like cardiovascular conditions and cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive impairment (CI) impacts various brain functions, affecting daily activities and quality of life. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, has been implicated in CI.

Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of childhood tuberculosis in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a leading cause of infection-related deaths worldwide. Children with underdeveloped immune systems are particularly vulnerable, experiencing symptoms akin to common childhood illnesses. Early diagnosis and treatment typically yield positive outcomes.

Thrombotic Risk Assessment, P-Selectin, and Thromboprophylaxis Use Among, Cancer Patients at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar.

Background: Venous thromboembolism is the second leading cause of mortality among cancer patients. The Khorana Risk Assessment Score (KRAS) is widely acknowledged as the most validated tool in this context.

Aim: To assess the thrombotic risk in cancer patients using the modified Khorana Risk Assessment Score, examine the association between modified KRAS and soluble P-selectin levels, and document the utilization of thromboprophylaxis among cancer patients at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital.

Youth Sports Betting and Problem Gambling in the Global and Nigerian Context: A Review.

Sports betting, once confined to physical venues, has experienced an explosive surge in the popularity of online participation, particularly captivating young adults. This narrative review explores the current global perspectives of sports betting and its attendant implications for youths. We examined the prevalence, factors, potential risks, and effects such as financial losses, psychosocial issues, and problem gambling.

THE NIGERIAN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION NATIONAL REGISTRY: RATIONALE, DESIGN AND EARLY FINDINGS.

Introduction/background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. The AF Atrial Fibrillation Registry, which commenced in June 2023, was designed to provide clinical epidemiological data on patients with AF in the country.

Objective(s): The objective is to describe the rationale, design, and early findings from the registry.

THE IBADAN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE REGISTRY: RATIONALE, DESIGN AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE INITIAL 1290 PARTICIPANTS.

Introduction/background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) has important gender-specific aspects, which are worthy of note, as they influence the haemodynamic state of patients the choice of therapy, aetiology, and clinical outcomes. Women are less frequently represented in CHF studies and clinical trials than males. While some published data are conflictive, more studies tailored to this critical discourse are necessary to inform patient care and improve outcomes in patients with CHF.

PREVALENCE, TYPES, AND PREDICTORS OF SEXUAL ABUSE AMONG IN-SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA: AN URBAN-RURAL QUANTITATIVE SURVEY.

Background: Sexual abuse among adolescents is a serious public health problem. It is a developmental stressor/ reality that remains a cause for concern to parents, teachers, and governments of nations with profound, long-term physiologic and psychosocial effects.

Objective: To determine and compare the prevalence, types, and predictors of sexual abuse among in-school adolescent students in urban and rural areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Histoplasmosis in cancer patients: a global scoping review (2001-2024).

Although classified as an AIDS-defining illness, several reports show histoplasmosis also affects patients living with cancers including haematological malignancies and solid tumours. However, reviews describing cases of histoplasmosis in malignancies are lacking in the literature. We identified a total of thirty-four cases with twenty (58.

The Spectrum of Pathogens Associated with Infections in African Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition: A Scoping Review.

Understanding the interplay between infections and severe acute malnutrition is critical in attaining good clinical outcomes when managing malnourished children. However, review studies describing the profile of the associated pathogens in the malnourished African paediatric population are sparse in the literature. We aimed to identify the spectrum of pathogens from studies reporting infections in severely malnourished African children, as well as the antibiotic resistance pattern and clinical outcomes.

Cutaneous manifestations of deep mycoses in Nigeria: a systematic review.

Background: Deep mycoses are serious fungal diseases commonly associated with the immunocompromised but can also present in the immunocompetent following severe exposure to fungal pathogens. Included in this group are subcutaneous and systemic fungal infections.

Objectives: Reviews highlighting skin involvement in patients with deep mycosis in the Nigerian setting are sparse in the literature.

Disseminated histoplasmosis diagnosed on a blood smear in a Nigerian patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Disseminated histoplasmosis is rarely reported in patients living with cancers in Nigeria. We report a 40-year-old woman who presented with left neck swelling and abdominal pain of two weeks duration. Clinical examination and radiological findings showed pallor, epigastric tenderness, generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly.

Assessment of Prevalence of Otitis Media with Effusion and Correlation Between Otoscopic Findings with Jerger's Diagnostic Tympanograms Among Pupils in Calabar Municipality.

Background: OME is an accumulation of serous or mucoid fluid in the middle ear cavity with an intact tympanic membrane and without any sign of acute infection.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of otitis media with effusion among preschool and school-age children aged 1-10 years in private and public schools in Calabar municipality and the correlations between otoscopic findings and Jerger's diagnostic criteria among study participants.

Methods: This school-based descriptive cross-sectional study used a multistage sampling technique to recruit participants.

Large subserous uterine leiomyoma presenting as intraabdominal tumor: A case report.

Uterine leiomyomas are common benign gynecological tumors due to the overgrowth of uterine smooth muscle. Pedunculated uterine leiomyoma occurs when the mass is in continuity with the uterus with a stalk and may grow either within the uterine cavity or outside of the uterus and may mimic ovarian neoplasms or intraabdominal tumors. Presented is a 28-year-old woman with a progressive abdominal swelling in the past 9 months seen at the surgical outpatient of our facility.

Umbilical nodule, a rare presentation of primary cutaneous endometriosis: Case report and literature review.

Umbilical endometriosis or Villar's nodule is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue within the umbilicus and represent 0.5%-1% cases of endometriosis ectopia. It is classified as primary or secondary based on the surgical history.

Assessment of Subnutritional Indices and Associated Risk Factors of Malnutrition Among Older Adults.

Malnutrition is a multifactorial problem affecting older adults especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Eighty-five subjects which comprise 55 older adults and 30 controls were recruited. Total protein, Albumin, Calcium, Vitamin-C and Vitamin D were estimated using Biuret's method, Bromo-Cresol Green method, O-Cresolphthalein-Complexone, High performance liquid chromatography, and ELISA methods respectively.

Incidence and risk factors for colorectal cancer in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There is a significant burden of mortality from colorectal cancer in Africa. Due to the heterogeneity of dietary and lifestyle practices throughout Africa, our work sought to define risk factors for the development of CRC in the African continent.

Evaluating the impact of the global evidence, local adaptation (GELA) project for enhancing evidence-informed guideline recommendations for newborn and young child health in three African countries: a mixed-methods protocol.

Background: Poverty-related diseases (PRD) remain amongst the leading causes of death in children under-5 years in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) based on the best available evidence are key to strengthening health systems and helping to enhance equitable health access for children under five. However, the CPG development process is complex and resource-intensive, with substantial scope for improving the process in SSA, which is the goal of the Global Evidence, Local Adaptation (GELA) project.

Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Factors among Schoolteachers in Calabar, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Africa has the highest prevalence of hypertension at 46%. Schoolteachers are vulnerable to hypertension due to work-related and general risk factors. Identifying these factors is key to providing interventions.

A Comparative Analysis of Factors Influencing the Sustainability of the Abia State Health Insurance Agency: Insights From Rural-Urban Abia State.

The goal of the Abia State Health Insurance Agency (ABSHIA) has been to increase coverage since its implementation. However, the sustainability of the scheme is crucial to continue providing affordable healthcare in the State. This study aimed to identify and compare factors that influence the sustainability of ABSHIA in rural-urban areas of Abia State.

Fungal contamination of the water distribution system of a tertiary hospital water supply system in a resource-limited setting.

Background: Fungal contamination of hospital water distribution systems has been implicated in outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of fungi in the water distribution system of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

Design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.

Extraocular Muscle Transplantation Surgery for Primary Treatment of Extra Large-angle Squint.

Purpose: Large-angle horizontal ocular deviations will commonly require bilateral surgery to correct the primary ocular deviation. However, considering the need for full correction with one surgical procedure and patients' reluctance to be operated on the good eye, such large horizontal ocular deviations may be managed with true muscle transplantation. The authors present a case series of patients who underwent this procedure and develop a surgical table to guide management.