Differences and contributors to global cognitive performance in the underrepresented Latinx Parkinson's disease population.

Despite significant progress in understanding the factors influencing cognitive function in Parkinson's disease (PD), there is a notable gap in data representation for the Latinx population. This study aims to evaluate the contributors to and disparities in cognitive performance among Latinx patients with PD. A retrospective analysis was conducted based on cross-sectional data encompassing demographic, environmental, motor, and non-motor disease characteristics from the Latin American Research Consortium on the Genetics of PD (LARGE-PD) and the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohorts.

Cystitis glandularis due to Escherichia coli infection in a diabetic Miniature Schnauzer: a case report.

Background: Lower urinary tract disease is a common clinical condition in dogs, usually presenting with dysuria, pollakiuria and haematuria. Diabetes mellitus is a predisposing factor for urinary tract infection in both humans and dogs and does not necessarily present with clinical signs. In this case report, we describe for the first time a case of cystitis glandularis in a dog with diabetes mellitus, associated with Escherichia coli urinary tract infection.

Designing and clinical application of a 3D-printed personalized model of a radiofrequency needle guide with a maxillary fixator for puncture of the gasserian ganglion for trigeminal neuralgia treatment.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to present a newly designed 3D-printed personalized model (3D PPM) of a radiofrequency needle guide with a maxillary fixation for gasserian ganglion (GG) puncture.

Methods: Implementation of 3D CT-guided radiofrequency therapy of the GG with and without use of 3D PPM was analyzed. The following parameters were assessed: radiation time, dose area product, air kerma reference point, pain severity during the puncture needle insertion, prosopalgia regression degree (according to visual analog scale) and the severity of facial numbness (according to the Barrow Neurological Institute scale) in the early postoperative period, and postpuncture complications.

Lack of context modulation in human single neuron responses in the medial temporal lobe.

In subjects implanted with intracranial electrodes, we use two different stories involving the same person (or place) to evaluate whether and to what extent context modulates human single-neuron responses. Nearly all neurons (97% during encoding and 100% during recall) initially responding to a person/place do not modulate their response with context. Likewise, nearly none (<1%) of the initially non-responsive neurons show conjunctive coding, responding to particular persons/places in a particular context during the tasks.

Outcomes of liposuction techniques for management of lipedema: a case series and narrative review.

Background And Objective: Lipedema is a commonly underdiagnosed chronic condition. This study aimed to evaluate liposuction techniques for lipedema by conducting a systematic review and presenting our experience. A case series study and a comprehensive review were conducted.

Intraoperative frozen section analysis for detection of fracture-related infection in nonunion of the upper limb. Diagnostic accuracy study.

Introduction: During revision surgery for the management of patients presenting with long-bone upper extremity nonunion, it is crucial to rule out fracture-related infection (FRI). This is especially true if there are clinical signs suggestive of FRI, or if there is a history of prior FRI, open wound fracture, or surgery. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of frozen section analysis (FSA) in providing real-time diagnosis of FRI in patients with upper-limb long-bone nonunion undergoing revision surgery.

Decompressive Craniectomy and Hinged Craniotomy for Traumatic Brain Injury: Experience in Two Centers in a Middle-Income Country.

Objective: The goal of a decompressive craniectomy (DC) or a hinge craniotomy (HC), is to treat intracranial hypertension and reduce mortality. Traditionally, the decompression procedure has been performed with cranial bone removal. However, decompression and repositioning the cranial bone, named HC, has been presented as an alternative for certain cases.

Do coping mechanisms moderate the effect of stressful life events on depression and anxiety in young people? A case-control study from Latin America.

Background: Stressful life events (SLEs) are associated with increased risk of depression or anxiety. Coping mechanisms may moderate this relationship but little is known on this topic in young people or in Latin America.

Aim: To investigate whether coping strategies predict odds of depression and/or anxiety and moderate the relationship between SLEs and depression and/or anxiety in young people in Peru, Lima and Bogotá.

Listening to placebos: the contested lessons of antidepressants debates.

The goal of this paper is to explore a set of epistemological and ontological issues regarding the historical and philosophical role of placebos in the contested history of antidepressants. Starting from an account of the dual nature of the placebo as both an epistemic and a therapeutic tool, and against the background of the heated debates on the efficacy of second-generation antidepressants, I propose two related arguments. First, I argue that placebos as controls played a crucial but paradoxical role in the rise of so-called evidence-based approaches to depression.

Dipole Potential of Monolayers with Biologically Relevant Lipid Compositions.

The membrane dipole potential that arises from the interfacial water and constitutive dipolar groups of lipid molecules modulates the interaction of amphiphiles and proteins with membranes. Consequently, its determination for lipid mixtures resembling the existing diversity in biological membranes is very relevant. In this work, the dipole potentials of monolayers, formed at the air-water interface, from pure or mixed lipids (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl--glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl--glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl--glycero-3-phosphatidyserine (POPS), sphingomyelin (SpM) and cholesterol) were measured and correlated with the mean area per lipid.

Understanding the role of environment in associative learning of nicotine-induced place preference conditioning in zebrafish.

Environmental enrichment (EE) is a well-known strategy in animal behavior to improve the welfare and health of animals in captivity. EE provides animals with stimulating and engaging environments that promote natural behaviors, cognitive stimulation and stress reduction. EE turns out to be an important strategy to increase the validity and reproducibility of behavioral data.

Thyroid surgery under nerve auto-fluorescence & artificial intelligence tissue identification software guidance.

Thyroid cancer is a common malignancy that requires comprehensive clinical evaluation prior to adequate surgical management. Over the last three decades thyroid surgery has tripled and is considered one of the most commonly performed procedures in general surgery. These procedures are associated with potential postoperative complications with significant deterioration in the patient's quality of life.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography findings in Syphilitic Outer Retinitis.

Purpose: to report optical coherence tomography angiography findings in syphilitic outer retinopathy, a singular clinical manifestation of ocular syphilis.

Methods: case report.

Results: Multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography angiography was performed in a patient presenting syphilitic outer retinopathy.

Unveiling Inequities: Racial Disparities in Risk-Reducing Mastectomy for Breast Cancer Prevention.

Background: Risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) significantly lowers breast cancer risk as a preventive surgery. While racial disparities in breast cancer treatment are well-documented, research on racial differences in the utilization and outcomes of RRM is limited.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2008-2022) to identify women who underwent RRM.

Exploring coach and parent transformational leadership and their associations with social identity in adolescents.

The main objective of this study was to explore the associations between the transformational leadership of coaches and parents and adolescent athletes' social identity and examine the roles of gender and the stage of adolescence in these relationships. Furthermore, this study aimed to provide empirical evidence on measurement invariance across gender and the adolescent stage in the adapted Spanish version of the Social Identity Questionnaire for Sport (SIQS). The sample consisted of 656 athletes (299 males and 357 females) from 12 to 18 years old (M = 15.

Survival of and in Experimentally Infected Wild Boar Muscle Tissue under Freezing and Environmental Conditions.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the survival of and in decaying wild boar tissue and assess their freezing tolerance in experimentally infected animals.

Methods: The present study was conducted in Buenos Aires City, Argentina during the 2018-2019 period. Two wild boars were used, one infected with 20,000 muscle larvae (ML) of and the other with .

Neural mass modeling for the masses: Democratizing access to whole-brain biophysical modeling with FastDMF.

Different whole-brain computational models have been recently developed to investigate hypotheses related to brain mechanisms. Among these, the Dynamic Mean Field (DMF) model is particularly attractive, combining a biophysically realistic model that is scaled up via a mean-field approach and multimodal imaging data. However, an important barrier to the widespread usage of the DMF model is that current implementations are computationally expensive, supporting only simulations on brain parcellations that consider less than 100 brain regions.

Structural inequality linked to brain volume and network dynamics in aging and dementia across the Americas.

Structural inequality, the uneven distribution of resources and opportunities, influences health outcomes. However, the biological embedding of structural inequality in aging and dementia, especially among underrepresented populations, is unclear. We examined the association between structural inequality (country-level and state-level Gini indices) and brain volume and connectivity in 2,135 healthy controls, and individuals with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobe degeneration from Latin America and the United States.

Assessing the impact of conformational perturbants on folding and aggregation pathways of a β-barrel fold.

Here we explore the interplay between physical and chemical perturbants to unravel links among native folding, amorphous and ordered aggregation scenarios in IFABP (rat intestinal fatty acid binding protein). This small beta-barrel protein undergoes amyloid-like aggregation above 15 % v/v trifluoroethanol. Our aim was to address the influence of sub-aggregating TFE concentrations on the unfolding transitions of IFABP.

Turbulence as a framework for brain dynamics in health and disease.

Turbulence is a universal principle for fast energy and information transfer. Moving beyond the turbulence of fluid dynamics, turbulence has recently been demonstrated in brain dynamics. Importantly, turbulence can be expressed as the rich variability across spacetime of the local levels of synchronisation of coupled brain signals.

Comparing Differences and Relationships Between Traditional and Resisted Sprints in Elite Youth Rugby Backs and Forwards.

Purpose: We tested the differences in maximum strength and various parameters of sprint performance between youth backs and forwards. Additionally, we examined the associations among various strength-sprint measures, as well as between unresisted and heavy resisted sprints.

Methods: Thirty-two youth rugby players were assessed at the beginning of the season with the following tests: unresisted and resisted (50% body mass) 30-m sprints and 1-repetition maximum (1RM) in the squat exercise.

A smartphone label-free and automated thermo-analytical method based on image analysis to detect microplastics.

Microplastics (MPs) are in some ways the expected product of man-made plastics that are considered as a pollutant ubiquitous in the environment. This is particularly notorious in continental waters, along coastlines, and especially in the North Pacific Gyre, sometimes called the Pacific Garbage Patch. Even now, there is growing concern that MPs can harm wildlife, enter the food chain, and end up in the human body.

Deliberate search for analogous cases aids the retrieval and transfer of suboptimally-encoded memory items.

Even though spontaneous retrieval of analogous cases lacking surface similarity with a target situation typically requires achieving an abstract representation of the target situation, recent studies on analogical argumentation suggest that the deliberate disposition to search for analogous cases in long-term memory (LTM) suffices to increase cross-domain retrieval significantly. However, a limitation of these studies concerns the impossibility to determine whether the analogous situations reported were invented rather than retrieved, and whether there were instances of analogical retrieval that were not reflected in participants' arguments. To overcome these shortcomings, Experiment 1 resorted to a traditional transfer paradigm where a base analogue is learned prior to the presentation of the target situation during a contextually-separated phase.

Plate tectonics, cold adaptation and long-distance range expansion to remote archipelagos and the high Andes as drivers of a circumantarctic freshwater arthropod radiation.

Disjunct distributions, characterised by spatially separated populations of related species, offer insights into historical biogeographic patterns and evolutionary processes. This study investigates the evolutionary history of the diving beetle subfamily Lancetinae through a phylogenomic approach incorporating ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and heritage genetic markers. Our findings support an early Miocene origin for Lancetinae, with subsequent diversification influenced by historical vicariance events and long-distance dispersal.