Split tendon transfer of the posterior tibialis for spastic equinovarus foot deformity: Does tendon routing impact post-operative ankle kinematics?

Background: Split tendon transfer of the posterior tibialis (SPOTT) is a surgical procedure in which the split posterior tibialis tendon is transferred posterior to the fibula (PO) with insertion on the peroneus brevis tendon to rebalance the forces across the hindfoot. Routing of the split tendon through the interosseous membrane (IO) is a variation with the potential benefit of augmenting ankle dorsiflexion in swing.

Research Question: Does IO routing improve ankle dorsiflexion in swing and/or varus in stance compared to PO routing?

Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed to identify forty-two patients who underwent a SPOTT procedure for equinovarus foot deformity.

Single cell approaches define neural stem cell niches and identify microglial ligands that can enhance precursor-mediated oligodendrogenesis.

Here, we used single cell RNA sequencing and single cell spatial transcriptomics to characterize the forebrain neural stem cell (NSC) niche under homeostatic and injury conditions. We defined the dorsal and lateral ventricular-subventricular zones (V-SVZs) as two distinct neighborhoods and showed that, after white matter injury, NSCs are activated to make oligodendrocytes dorsally for remyelination. This activation is coincident with an increase in transcriptionally distinct microglia in the dorsal V-SVZ niche.

Global burden of bacterial skin diseases from 1990 to 2045: an analysis based on global burden disease data.

Bacterial skin diseases are a category of inflammatory skin conditions caused by bacterial infections, which impose a significant global disease burden. However, they have not been well assessed or predicted on a global scale. It is necessary to update the estimates and forecast future trends of the global burden of bacterial skin diseases to evaluate the impact of past healthcare policies and to provide guidance and information for new national and international healthcare strategies.

Experiences of Gender-Diverse Youth Living With Chronic Pain.

Background: Although sex differences in pain are well documented, little is known regarding the relationship between gender and pain. Gender-diverse youth experience unique pain risk factors, including minority stress exposure, but are underrepresented in research.

Objective: Elicit experiences of gender-diverse youth who live with chronic pain.

The FBXO45-GEF-H1 axis controls germinal center formation and B-cell lymphomagenesis.

The role of ubiquitin-mediated degradation mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B cell (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) is not completely understood. We show that conditional deletion of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Fbxo45 in germinal center B-cells results in B-cell lymphomagenesis in homozygous (100%) and heterozygous (48%) mice. Mechanistically, FBXO45 targets the RHO guanine exchange factor ARHGEF2/GEF-H1 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation.

Antipsychotic Drug Prescribing in Children Previously Treated With Stimulants for ADHD: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study: La prescription d'antipsychotiques chez les enfants précédemment traités avec des stimulants pour le TDAH : une étude longitudinale basée sur la population.

Objective: Stimulant drug treatment in preschool-age children for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as the concomitant use of antipsychotic drugs is largely unstudied in terms of longitudinal outcomes. We characterized longitudinal patterns of stimulant drug use in children diagnosed for ADHD and analyzed the mental health disorders leading to add-on therapy with antipsychotics.

Method: The study population comprised of children and adolescents (age: 0-19 years) in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada, with at least one dispensing for any psychotropic drug between 1997 and 2017 ( = 144,825).

Pediatric Hidradenitis Suppurativa: An Overview.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurring inflammatory skin disease that significantly impacts the quality of life of patients.[1] HS is more common in adults and adolescents, although true incidence rates may be underestimated due to a lack of earlier recognition of HS in children.[2] Pediatric HS is a challenging clinical entity to diagnose and manage.

3D genomic features across >50 diverse cell types reveal insights into the genomic architecture of childhood obesity.

The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide, along with the associated common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later life. Motivated by evidence for a strong genetic component, our prior genome-wide association study (GWAS) efforts for childhood obesity revealed 19 independent signals for the trait; however, the mechanism of action of these loci remains to be elucidated. To molecularly characterize these childhood obesity loci, we sought to determine the underlying causal variants and the corresponding effector genes within diverse cellular contexts.

Are adverse childhood experiences scores associated with heroism or villainy? A quantitative observational study of Marvel and DC Cinematic Universe characters.

Many superhero and villain stories include trauma, which could influence how the public perceives the impact of trauma in their own lives. Our aim was to assess whether total Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) scores were associated with heroism or villainy among Marvel and DC Characters. We watched 33 films, with a total runtime of 77 hours and 5 minutes.

Outcomes and complications of vertebral body tethering by patient gender.

Purpose: Non-fusion surgical options for pediatric scoliosis management such as vertebral body tethering (VBT) offer an alternative to spinal fusion. With this study, we aim to evaluate the postoperative outcomes in boys versus girls who have undergone VBT. Our hypothesis is that girls and boys will have similar outcomes by 2-year follow-up.

Patient-reported outcome measures for life participation in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.

Background: The symptoms, comorbidities and treatment burden associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be debilitating and limit life participation in patients with CKD not requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT). The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics, content and psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used to assess life participation in patients with CKD.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL from database inception to February 2023 for all studies that reported life participation in patients with CKD (stages 1-5 not requiring kidney replacement therapy).

A Real-World Prospective Multiple Sclerosis Pregnancy Registry in the United States: PREG-MS.

Background And Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects more than 1 million people in the United States, including reproductive-age women. There has been a paucity of prospective, pregnancy registries based on MS disease rather than medication exposures. A prospective MS pregnancy registry (PREG-MS) was established in 2017 as a prospective, single-cohort, real-world MS pregnancy registry in New England States of the United States, with goals to evaluate (1) course of MS and disease-modifying therapies (DMT) use during conception attempts and in the peripartum period, (2) pregnancy outcomes in women with MS (WwMS), and (3) longer-term developmental outcomes in offspring of WwMS.

Sleep Disturbance and Postconcussive Symptoms in Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Orthopedic Injury.

Objective: Sleep disturbance (SD) is common after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and may predict increased postconcussive symptoms (PCS) and prolonged recovery. Our objective was to investigate the relation of SD with PCS in children with mTBI and those with orthopedic injury (OI).

Setting: Emergency departments (EDs) at 2 children's hospitals in the Midwestern United States.

The impact of genetic counselor involvement in genetic and genomic test order review: A scoping review.

Purpose: The increasing complexity of genetic technologies paired with more genetic tests being ordered by nongenetic healthcare providers, has resulted in an increase in the number of inappropriately ordered tests. Genetic counselors (GCs) are ideally suited to assess the appropriateness of a genetic test.

Methods: We performed a scoping review of GC involvement in utilization management initiatives in order to describe the impact of having GCs involved in this process.

Parental experiences of caring for their preschool children after declining vaccines: a qualitative systematic review.

Objective: This review synthesizes qualitative research about the experiences of parental caregivers enhancing their children's health after making the decision to not vaccinate their preschool children. This review aims to help health care providers understand the parental work involved in caring for under-vaccinated or unvaccinated children.

Introduction: Much of the current qualitative research literature about parents who are vaccine-hesitant or who decide not to vaccinate their children focuses on parental perceptions about the safety and efficacy of vaccines and decision-making.

A Mobile App for Promoting Breastfeeding-Friendly Communities in Hong Kong: Design and Development Study.

Background: Breastfeeding is vital for the health and well-being of both mothers and infants, and it is crucial to create supportive environments that promote and maintain breastfeeding practices.

Objective: The objective of this paper was to describe the development of a breastfeeding-friendly app called "bfGPS" (HKU TALIC), which provides comprehensive territory-wide information on breastfeeding facilities in Hong Kong, with the goal of fostering a breastfeeding-friendly community.

Methods: The development of bfGPS can be categorized into three phases, which are (1) planning, prototype development, and preimplementation evaluation; (2) implementation and updates; and (3) usability evaluation.

Continuous versus intermittent tacrolimus for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients (Tic Tac).

Background: Tacrolimus is administered via a continuous or intermittent IV infusion to prevent acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Limited comparison data is available.

Objectives: The primary objective was to compare the proportion of therapeutic tacrolimus trough levels in the first 30 days post-stem cell infusion.

Overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry.

Background And Aims: Overweight and obesity are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the general population, but their prevalence in individuals with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and whether they confer additional risk of ASCVD independent of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) remains unclear.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 35 540 patients with HeFH across 50 countries, in the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry. Prevalence of World Health Organization-defined body mass index categories was investigated in adults (n = 29 265) and children/adolescents (n = 6275); and their association with prevalent ASCVD.

Impact of obesity on outcome in children diagnosed with cancer in Canada: A report from Cancer in Young People in Canada.

Background: Childhood obesity can result in adverse health outcomes. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of obesity and determine the association between obesity at cancer diagnosis and event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in children diagnosed with cancer in Canada.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Cancer in Young People in Canada database, including all children with newly diagnosed cancer aged 2-18 years across Canada from 2001 to 2020.

Impact of age-related changes in buccal epithelial cells on pediatric epigenetic biomarker research.

Cheek swabs, heterogeneous samples consisting primarily of buccal epithelial cells, are widely used in pediatric DNA methylation studies and biomarker creation. However, the decrease in buccal proportion with age in adults remains unexamined in childhood. We analyzed cheek swabs from 4626 typically developing children 2-months to 20-years-old.

Systematic review of outcome measures used in support programs designed to enhance the functioning for autistic children and adolescents and ICF content mapping.

Purpose: 1) To identify outcome measures used in support programs designed to enhance functioning in autistic children and adolescents, and 2) To map the content of these measures to the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).

Methods: A systematic review was conducted. Searches were performed in Medline/PubMed, EMBASE and Virtual Health Library databases, with no restrictions imposed regarding language or year of publication.

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy with Roflumilast Cream 0.15% in Patients Aged ≥6 Years with Atopic Dermatitis: A Phase 3 Open-Label Extension Trial.

Safety and efficacy of roflumilast cream 0.15% for atopic dermatitis (AD) were demonstrated in two 4-week phase 3 trials. Evaluate long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of roflumilast cream 0.