Predictive modelling of Immunogenicity to Botulinumtoxin A Treatments for Glabellar Lines.

Introduction: Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A), derived from Clostridium botulinum, is widely used in medical and aesthetic treatments. Its clinical application extends from managing chronic conditions like cervical dystonia and migraine to reducing facial wrinkles. Despite its efficacy, a significant challenge associated with BoNT-A therapy is immunogenicity, where the immune system produces neutralising antibodies (NAbs) against BoNT-A, reducing its effectiveness over time.

Clinical Outcomes of Modified Manual Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty for Eyes with Previous Radial Keratotomy.

: The aim of this study was to evaluate the intraoperative complications and visual outcomes of manual deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (mDALK) in patients who underwent previous radial keratotomy (RK) for myopia. : The notes of patients who underwent mDALK after RK at three different hospitals-San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital (Rome, Italy), Mount Saint Joseph Hospital (Vancouver, Canada), and Tor Vergata University Hospital (Rome, Italy)-were retrospectively reviewed. We analyzed the manual dissection success rate and conversion to penetrating keratoplasty (PK), the residual recipient stromal thickness, the postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), postoperative refraction, and topographic astigmatism.

Prompt engineering with ChatGPT3.5 and GPT4 to improve patient education on retinal diseases.

Objective: To assess the effect of prompt engineering on the accuracy, comprehensiveness, readability, and empathy of large language model (LLM)-generated responses to patient questions regarding retinal disease.

Design: Prospective qualitative study.

Participants: Retina specialists, ChatGPT3.

A comparison of white-to-white measurements obtained by Anterion AS-OCT versus three optical devices in refractive surgery candidates.

Background And Objectives: To assess the agreement between Anterion AS-OCT and three optical devices in measuring the white-to-white (WTW) diameter in candidates for refractive surgery.

Methods: In this cross-sectional prospective study, 129 right eyes of 129 normal individuals underwent consecutive scans with the Anterion, the Pentacam AXL, the IOLMaster 700, and the Orbscan IIz. Mean difference (MD), 95% limits of agreement (LoA), and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were calculated to assess agreement and interchangeability.

Granzyme B Expression in Conjunctiva of Patients with Pterygium.

Pterygium is often associated with chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and characterized by the overgrowth of conjunctiva and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Notably, several studies in the skin have demonstrated that chronic UV radiation can upregulate Granzyme B (GrB) expression and increase ECM degradation. The aim of this study was to compare GrB expression between pterygium and healthy controls and to further link this GrB expression to mast cells.

Regenerative Aesthetics: A Genuine Frontier or Just a Facet of Regenerative Medicine: A Systematic Review.

Background: Regenerative aesthetics claims to enhance cosmetic outcomes through advanced biological interventions like Stem cell and Exosome therapy, Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), Photobiomodulation, bioactive peptides and treatment for cellular senescence yet lacks substantial scientific and regulatory validation.

Objective: To evaluate the scientific and clinical foundations of regenerative medicine techniques in non-surgical aesthetics and assess the legitimacy of regenerative aesthetics as a medical specialty.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, searching databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published in the last ten years.

Immunogenicity of Botulinum Toxin A: Insights.

Background: Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is widely used in treating dystonia and spasticity to managing chronic migraine and cosmetic applications. However, its immunogenic potential presents challenges, such as the development of neutralizing antibodies that lead to diminished therapeutic efficacy over time, known as secondary nonresponse.

Objective: This review aims to bridge the knowledge gap regarding the immunogenic mechanisms of BoNT-A and to explore effective management strategies to mitigate these immune responses.

Evaluating equity, diversity, and inclusion in Canadian Postgraduate Medical Education: A cross-sectional analysis of online content.

Background: Medical graduates applying to Residency through the Canadian Resident Matching System (CaRMS) utilize the internet to gather information on programs and their overarching Postgraduate Medical Education (PGME) Office. This study aims to evaluate how PGME websites across Canada convey their commitment to equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) through their website features.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of the 17 Canadian PGME websites against 20 EDI criteria based on contemporary literature, across five domains: leadership and governance, recruitment, accommodations, community engagement, and pathways to entry.

Integrating Psychological Insights into Aesthetic Medicine: A Cross-Generational Analysis of Patient Archetypes (IMPACT Study).

Background: Aesthetic medicine has evolved significantly, accommodating diverse demographics and motivations influenced by societal shifts and technological advancements. The IMPACT (integrative multigenerational psychological analysis for cosmetic treatment) study refines patient archetypes, integrating psychological theories to tailor treatments, especially for younger demographics and LGBTQIA + communities.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized a comprehensive, validated survey with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.

Intradermal Botulinum Toxin A on Skin Quality and Facial Rejuvenation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Botulinum toxin A (BTxA) has gained popularity as a nonsurgical aesthetic treatment for skin rejuvenation. However, previous studies on intradermal BTxA have shown inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of intradermal BTxA for facial rejuvenation.

Granzyme B in aging and age-related pathologies.

Aging is a major risk factor for pathologies that manifest later in life. Much attention is devoted towards elucidating how prolonged environmental exposures and inflammation promote biological (accelerated) tissue aging. Granzymes, a family of serine proteases, are increasingly recognized for their emerging roles in biological aging and disease.

Atypical daily visual exposure to faces in adults with autism spectrum disorder.

Expert face processes are refined and tuned through a protracted development. Exposure statistics of the daily visual experience of neurotypical adults (the face diet) show substantial exposure to familiar faces. People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) do not show the same expertise with faces as their non-autistic counterparts.

POSTINTRAVITREAL INJECTION AND POSTCATARACT EXTRACTION ENDOPHTHALMITIS VISUAL OUTCOMES BY ORGANISM: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

Purpose: To compare visual outcomes of endophthalmitis following intravitreal injections (IVIs) and cataract extraction by causative organism.

Methods: Searches in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and Embase identified articles reporting visual outcomes by causative organisms in post-IVI and cataract extraction endophthalmitis cases from January 2010 to February 2022. A random-effects meta-analysis compared visual improvement among endophthalmitis cases caused by causative organisms.

Deliberations of the Safety Task Force: Risk factors and treatment of adverse events associated with aesthetic injectables.

Background: The growing popularity of aesthetic procedures involving fillers, biostimulators, and neurotoxins has prompted concerns about patient safety. To address these concerns, a global Safety Task Force (STF) was formed.

Aims: The inaugural STF meeting prioritized vascular compromise prevention and management, guiding clinical trial design and materials for future meetings, and collecting data from experts on current safety methods.

Topical insulin to treat a conjunctival defect after glaucoma surgery: A case report.

Purpose: Insulin has been postulated as a novel and effective treatment for re-epithelialization of the ocular surface and different pathologies have been suggested as possible indications.

Observations: A 69-year-old diabetic male was referred for a left non-healing conjunctival epithelial defect over the superotemporal scleral patch used in the placement of the Ahmed ClearPath. In the left eye, he was on latanoprost/timolol once daily, prednisolone 1 % once daily and tobramycin/dexamethasone ointment at night.

Causal diagrams for disease latency bias.

Background: Disease latency is defined as the time from disease initiation to disease diagnosis. Disease latency bias (DLB) can arise in epidemiological studies that examine latent outcomes, since the exact timing of the disease inception is unknown and might occur before exposure initiation, potentially leading to bias. Although DLB can affect epidemiological studies that examine different types of chronic disease (e.

Systematic Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Medical and Surgical Specialties: Quality, Evaluation, Evidence, and Enforcement.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in various medical and surgical specialties for its regenerative properties, including aesthetics (facial rejuvenation, hair restoration, and skin tightening) and orthopedics (treatment of tendinitis and osteoarthritis). However, the inconsistent literature on PRP's efficacy and safety leads to critical knowledge gaps. This systematic review evaluates quality control measures in PRP preparation and application and explores the regulatory environment governing its clinical use.

Cyanoacrylate glue as a novel skin substitute in periocular skin excisions: case series and literature review.

Objective: Despite the widespread use of cyanoacrylate glue (CA) as an alternative for wound closure, its potential as a sole skin substitute material in periocular skin surgery remains unexplored. The primary objective was to determine the viability of CA as a sole skin substitute in periocular skin surgery after excision.

Design: Single-centre retrospective observational case series.

Surgeon- and hospital-level variation in wait times for scheduled non-urgent surgery in Ontario, Canada: A cross-sectional population-based study.

Background: Canadian health systems fare poorly in providing timely access to elective surgical care, which is crucial for quality, trust, and satisfaction.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of surgical wait times for adults receiving non-urgent cataract surgery, knee arthroplasty, hip arthroplasty, gallbladder surgery, and non-cancer uterine surgery in Ontario, Canada, between 2013 and 2019. We obtained data from the Wait Times Information System (WTIS) database.

Features of Axial Spondyloarthritis in Two Multicenter Cohorts of Patients with Psoriasis, Uveitis, and Colitis Presenting with Undiagnosed Back Pain.

Objective: We aimed to assess: 1. The frequency of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) according to extra-articular presentation and HLA-B27 status; 2. Clinical and imaging features that distinguish axSpA from non-axSpA; 3.

Exploring the role of granzyme B in subretinal fibrosis of age-related macular degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a prevalent and progressive degenerative disease of the macula, is the leading cause of blindness in elderly individuals in developed countries. The advanced stages include neovascular AMD (nAMD), characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), leading to subretinal fibrosis and permanent vision loss. Despite the efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in stabilizing or improving vision in nAMD, the development of subretinal fibrosis following CNV remains a significant concern.

Synchronized Photoactivation of T4K Rhodopsin Causes a Chromophore-Dependent Retinal Degeneration That Is Moderated by Interaction with Phototransduction Cascade Components.

Multiple mutations in the gene cause sector retinitis pigmentosa in humans and a corresponding light-exacerbated retinal degeneration (RD) in animal models. Previously we have shown that T4K rhodopsin requires photoactivation to exert its toxic effect. Here we further investigated the mechanisms involved in rod cell death caused by T4K rhodopsin in mixed male and female In this model, RD was prevented by rearing animals in constant darkness but surprisingly also in constant light.

Combined Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery With Phacoemulsification in Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: To compare efficacies and safeties of combined phacoemulsification-microinvasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) to phacoemulsification only in eyes with open-angle glaucoma.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A multidatabase literature search was conducted to capture MIGS articles published before April 19, 2024.