Evaluation and Comparison of the Comprehensiveness of Canadian and American Ophthalmology Residency Program Websites.

Purpose: We descriptively and comparatively evaluated the comprehensiveness of Canadian and US-accredited ophthalmology residency program websites as of August 28, 2024.

Methods: Using Canadian Resident Matching Service ( = 15) and US Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database ( = 125), we assessed website content across seven criteria: recruitment, faculty, residents, education/research, teaching, benefits, and community. Two independent reviewers used a 40-point system, with Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc pairwise tests for analysis by country and funding model.

A neurodegenerative cellular stress response linked to dark microglia and toxic lipid secretion.

The brain's primary immune cells, microglia, are a leading causal cell type in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, the mechanisms by which microglia can drive neurodegeneration remain unresolved. Here, we discover that a conserved stress signaling pathway, the integrated stress response (ISR), characterizes a microglia subset with neurodegenerative outcomes.

3-Dimensional morphological characterization of neuroretinal microglia in Alzheimer's disease via machine learning.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that affects 47.5 million people worldwide. AD is characterised by the formation of plaques containing extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins (pTau).

A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness and Safety of Combining Biostimulators with Botulinum Toxin, Dermal Fillers, and Energy-Based Devices.

Introduction: Aesthetic medicine has evolved towards minimally invasive procedures, with biostimulators like Poly-L-Lactic Acid (PLLA), Calcium Hydroxylapatite (CaHA), and Polycaprolactone (PCL) gaining attention for their role in collagen induction, improving skin texture, elasticity, and volume. Combining these agents with other treatments-such as botulinum toxin, dermal fillers, and energy-based devices (e.g.

In Vivo Contactless, Cellular-Resolution Imaging of the Healthy and Pathological Human Limbus With 250-kHz Point-Scanning SD-OCT.

Purpose: To demonstrate that high-seed, ultra-high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) technology can image in vivo fine morphological features in the healthy and pathological human limbus.

Methods: A compact, fiberoptic SD-OCT system was developed for imaging the human limbus. It combines ∼1.

Orbital Subperiosteal Abscess Drainage: Transorbital vs. Endonasal Approach.

: This study aims to compare the surgical outcomes of transorbital versus endonasal endoscopic approaches for orbital subperiosteal abscess drainage. : A retrospective review was conducted at a single institution of patients who underwent orbital subperiosteal abscess drainage from November 2009 to April 2023. : Of 64 patients, 44 (68.

Topical Losartan for Corneal Fibrosis: A Case Series With Densitometry Analysis.

Purpose: To present the clinical, topographic, and densitometry outcomes of patients with corneal fibrosis treated with topical losartan.

Methods: In this case series, patients with corneal scars treated with topical losartan 0.8 mg/mL 4 times a day for 6 months were included.

Methodological review to develop a list of bias items for adaptive clinical trials: Protocol and rationale.

Background: Randomized-clinical trials (RCTs) are the gold-standard for comparing health care interventions, but can be limited by early termination, feasibility issues, and prolonged time to trial reporting. Adaptive clinical trials (ACTs), which are defined by pre-planned modifications and analyses that occur after starting patient recruitment, are gaining popularity as they can streamline trial design and time to reporting. As adaptive methodologies continue to be adopted by researchers, it will be critical to develop a risk of bias tool that evaluates the unique methodological features of ACTs so that their quality can be improved and standardized for the future.

Face Masking and Risk of Post-Intravitreal Injection Endophthalmitis: A Network Meta-Analysis of 2.6 Million Injections.

Topic: To compare face masking protocols for post-intravitreal injection endophthalmitis (PIE) prophylaxis.

Clinical Relevance: Though mask mandates are lifted, ophthalmologists may question whether continued investment into face masks will influence their PIE rate.

Methods/literature Reviewed: We included comparative studies of PIE incidence by masking policy (i.

Imagery and perception in acquired prosopagnosia: Functional variants and their relation to structure.

Current models of face perception and the face-processing network suggest that acquired prosopagnosia may not be a single disorder but rather a family of variants differing in mechanism. It has been proposed that tests of face perception and face imagery can probe component processes to support apperceptive, associative, and amnestic distinctions. However, validating this proposal is hampered by the rarity of this condition.

Adverse Ocular Impact and Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: A Narrative Review.

Cannabis is the most used drug worldwide with an estimated 219 million users. This narrative review aims to explore the adverse effects and therapeutic applications of cannabis and cannabinoids on the eye, given its growing clinical and non-clinical uses. The current literature reports several adverse ocular effects of cannabis and cannabinoids, including eyelid tremor, ptosis, reduced corneal endothelial cell density, dry eyes, red eyes, and neuro-retinal dysfunction.

Advanced Biomaterials for Lacrimal Tissue Engineering: A Review.

The lacrimal gland (LG) is vital for ocular health, producing tears that lubricate and protect the eye. Dysfunction of the LG leads to aqueous-deficient dry eye disease (DED), significantly impacting quality of life. Current treatments mainly address symptoms rather than the underlying LG dysfunction, highlighting the need for regenerative therapies.

Science or Spectacle? A Critical Evaluation of the decade of Aesthetic Medicine Conferences using Punctuated Equilibrium Framework.

Introduction: The global aesthetic medicine industry is rapidly expanding, with conferences serving as crucial platforms for knowledge exchange and collaboration. However, concerns have emerged about the increasing prioritisation of commercial content over scientifically rigorous presentations. This study critically evaluates the balance between commercial and scientific content at aesthetic medicine conferences, utilising artificial intelligence (AI) tools to analyse the impact of industry sponsorship and live procedural demonstrations on educational value.

Cabozantinib-Associated Exudative Retinal Detachment and Choroiditis: A Case Report.

Purpose: To describe the first reported instance of an acute chorioretinal inflammatory response to cabozantinib.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 54-year-old Asian male presented with blurred vision 2 weeks following the commencement of cabozantinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

A Systematic Review to Explore the Role of Industry and Regulators on Minimally Invasive Aesthetics Education: A Tale of Two Cities.

Introduction: The aesthetic medicine industry has seen significant growth due to technological advancements and increasing demand for minimally invasive procedures. This sector's influence on educational institutions is profound, often shaping curricula to align with industry standards. However, this focus can sometimes narrow educational scope, potentially compromising the broader intellectual and ethical development of medical professionals.

Structural effects of intraretinal cysts on outer retinal layers in eyes with diabetic macular edema.

Background: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of visual loss in individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aims to investigate the effects of central macular intraretinal cysts on the underlying outer retinal layer (ORL) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: In this retrospective and cross-sectional study, diabetic patients with or without DR were categorized into three groups: without DME (group 1), with DME but without any cyst featuring a plateau in the lower region (group 2), and patients with cyst featuring an inferior cyst plateau (group 3), defined as a flat conformation at its posterior aspect.