How to Approach Qualitative Observational Research in Workplace Learning.

Background: Learning in clinical settings occurs through engagement in everyday activities and interactions. Yet, clinical settings are complex, dynamic environments and data collection methods such as interviews and focus groups, although valuable, alone may not capture the complexities of these settings. Qualitative observational research offers an approach to understanding these complexities and enhancing learning in clinical settings.

Impacts of severity and region of gill tissue resection on regeneration in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

In a previous study, we demonstrated successful regeneration of Atlantic salmon gill tissue following up to 50 % filament resection. The present study explored 1) the capacity of gill tissue to regenerate following more severe trauma, 2) if regeneration potential varies across regions of the arch, and 3) how tissue loss impacts the physiology of neighboring unresected filaments. Fish were divided between two resected groups and a control non-resected one.

Exploring the Influence of Interorganization Networks on the Dissemination of National Health Behavior Guidelines.

Background: Interorganization partnerships are important for the development and knowledge mobilization of national health behavior guidelines. However, little is known about how to improve the dissemination of guidelines across professional networks. Social network analysis may offer unique insight into the social structure of interorganization networks and provide guidance for how network features may be harnessed for effective dissemination.

Cyclist safety assessment using autonomous vehicles.

Proactive and holistic safety management approaches should consider multi-modal crash risk. Cyclist crash risk should be prioritized given the high-severity of vehicle-cyclist crashes. Cyclist crash risk is difficult to quantify given the sparse nature of cyclist collisions and collisions in general.

A generalizable normative deep autoencoder for brain morphological anomaly detection: application to the multi-site StratiBip dataset on bipolar disorder in an external validation framework.

The heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders makes researching disorder-specific neurobiological markers an ill-posed problem. Here, we face the need for disease stratification models by presenting a generalizable multivariate normative modelling framework for characterizing brain morphology, applied to bipolar disorder (BD). We used deep autoencoders in an anomaly detection framework, combined for the first time with a confounder removal step that integrates training and external validation.

Characterizing the regulatory effects of H2A.Z and SWR1-C on gene expression during hydroxyurea exposure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Chromatin structure and DNA accessibility are partly modulated by the incorporation of histone variants. H2A.Z, encoded by the non-essential HTZ1 gene in S.

Identification of a vimentin-expressing α-cell phenotype in CF and normal pancreas.

Endocrine dysfunction and diabetes can develop secondary to fibrotic diseases within the pancreas including cystic fibrosis (CF). Phenotypic shift within epithelial cells has been recognised in association with pro-fibrotic signalling. We sought evidence of endocrine cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in CF and non-CF pancreas.

Microbial Primer: Microbiome and thermal tolerance - a new frontier in climate resilience?

Microbiome-animal host symbioses are ubiquitous in nature. Animal-associated microbiomes can play a crucial role in host physiology, health and resilience to environmental stressors. As climate change drives rising global temperatures and increases the frequency of thermal extremes, microbiomes are emerging as a new frontier in buffering vulnerable animals against temperature fluctuations.

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics illuminate bat immunity and barrier tissue evolution.

Bats have adapted to pathogens through diverse mechanisms, including increased resistance - rapid pathogen elimination, and tolerance - limiting tissue damage following infection. In the Egyptian fruit bat (an important model in comparative immunology) several mechanisms conferring disease tolerance were discovered, but mechanisms underpinning resistance remain poorly understood. Previous studies on other species suggested that elevated basal expression of innate immune genes may lead to increased resistance to infection.

Who cares about caring? Gender stereotypes about communal values emerge early and predict boys' prosocial preferences.

Communal values (i.e., valuing care for and connection with others) are important to individual well-being and societal functioning yet show marked gender differences, with girls valuing communion more than boys do.

A strategic mindset enhances children's generation of effective strategies and delay of gratification across tasks.

Overcoming challenges to achieve success involves being able to spontaneously come up with effective strategies to address different task demands. Research has linked individual differences in such strategy generation and use to optimal development over time and greater success across many areas of life. Yet, there is surprisingly little experimental evidence that tests how we might help young children to spontaneously generate and apply effective strategies across different challenging tasks.

Improved Annotation of Asthma Gene Variants with Cell Type Deconvolution of Nasal and Lung Expression-Quantitative Trait Loci.

Asthma is a genetically complex inflammatory airway disease associated with over 200 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, the functional effects of many asthma-associated SNPs in lung and airway epithelial samples are unknown. Here, we aimed to conduct expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis using a meta-analysis of nasal and lung samples.

Optimized machine learning approaches to combine surface-enhanced Raman scattering and infrared data for trace detection of xylazine in illicit opioids.

Infrared absorption spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy were integrated into three data fusion strategies-hybrid (concatenated spectra), mid-level (extracted features from both datasets) and high-level (fusion of predictions from both models)-to enhance the predictive accuracy for xylazine detection in illicit opioid samples. Three chemometric approaches-random forest, support vector machine, and -nearest neighbor algorithms-were employed and optimized using a 5-fold cross-validation grid search for all fusion strategies. Validation results identified the random forest classifier as the optimal model for all fusion strategies, achieving high sensitivity (88% for hybrid, 92% for mid-level, and 96% for high-level) and specificity (88% for hybrid, mid-level, and high-level).

Shared selection and genetic architecture drive strikingly repeatable evolution in long-term experimental hybrid populations.

The degree to which evolution repeats itself has implications regarding the major forces driving evolution and the potential for evolutionary biology to be a predictive (versus solely historical) science. To understand the factors that control evolutionary repeatability, we experimentally evolved four replicate hybrid populations of sunflowers at natural sites for up to 14 years and tracked ancestry across the genome. We found that there was very strong negative selection against introgressed ancestry in several chromosomes, but positive selection for introgressed ancestry in one chromosome.

A Mixed Method Study of Nursing Students' Experiences of Discrimination Within Their Programs.

Aim: This research aimed to explore nursing students' experiences and perspectives on discrimination within nursing programs across classroom and clinical contexts, as well as structural discrimination through institutional policies and processes.

Design: Convergent mixed methods.

Methods: Survey and individual interviews to capture students' experiences and perspectives on discrimination within nursing programs.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at diagnosis predicts colonoscopic activity in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (pIBD).

Background: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a novel biomarker studied in several autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in adults, but poorly characterized in pediatric IBD (pIBD). We aimed to primarily investigate the relationship between NLR and pIBD endoscopic disease severity. We also examined whether NLR predicted hospitalization, surgery, and therapy response by 52 weeks.

A Multicentre Evaluation of a Ceramide-Containing Hydrating Cream-to-Foam Cleanser and Facial Moisturizing Lotion for Improving Topical Treatment Tolerability in Facial Acne.

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common skin condition that can cause substantial psychosocial impact. Treatments of AV target clearing and prevention of lesions and reducing scarring and dyspigmentation. Numerous medications are used to target one or more of the pathogenetic factors contributing to AV.

Prospective Fumarate Hydratase Tumor Predisposition Syndrome Screening in Patients With Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: Age, Morphology, Fumarate Hydratase/S-(2-succino) Cysteine Immunohistochemistry, and Germline Testing.

Fumarate hydratase tumor predisposition syndrome (FHTPS) is caused by germline fumarate hydratase (FH) pathogenic variants (PVs). Most women with FHTPS develop FH-deficient (FHD) uterine leiomyomas (ULs), which arise 10 to 15 years earlier than aggressive FHD-renal cell carcinoma. We evaluate a previously proposed FHTPS screening strategy for women with ULs.

panniculitis in a cat from northern California.

Case Summary: A 9-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat from northern California was evaluated for a 12-month history of dermal and subcutaneous dermatitis in the inguinal region. Histopathologic examination of a biopsy revealed severe, chronic, multifocal to coalescing pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis, accompanied by ulceration and central necrosis. Aerobic bacterial culture of lesions yielded mycobacterial growth.

Exposure to lower temperature during early development decreases hypoxia tolerance in juvenile Fundulus heteroclitus.

Cross-protection occurs when exposure to one stressor confers heightened tolerance against a different stressor. Alternatively, exposure to one stressor could result in reduced tolerance against other stressors. Although cross-protection has been documented in a wide range of taxa at juvenile and adult life stages, whether early developmental exposure to a stressor confers cross-protection or reduced tolerance to other stressors later in life through developmental plasticity remains largely unexplored.

The Vulvodynia Primary Care Toolkit: results of a mixed-method evaluation with community-based family physicians in British Columbia.

Background: Healthcare providers often lack awareness, knowledge, and confidence in managing vulvodynia, which can lead to difficulties with diagnosis and treatment for individuals with the condition.

Objective: To develop and test an educational online toolkit tailored to supporting community-based primary care providers with diagnosis, treatment, and patient support for vulvodynia.

Methods: A sample of 19 community-based family physicians completed online surveys before and after testing the Vulvodynia Primary Care Toolkit (the toolkit hereafter) in their practice for 6 months.